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A New Test of International Financial Integration with Application to the European Union
Holmes, Makr J.,Pentecost, Eric J. 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1999 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.14 No.1
In this paper we test for financial integration among the major European Union countries using a new test, due to Snell[1996],which allows us to confirm or reject covered interest rate parity. Indeed, we offer a new distinction between strong or weak financial integration depending on whether or not the first largest principal component based on deviations from covered interest parity is stationary. Despite the turbulence in the ERM during the early 1990s,we find evidence of increased financial inter-dependence of on shore domestic interest rates implying that European monetary polices are in general converging.
Convergence in International Output : Evidence from Panel Data Unit Root Tests
Holmes, Mark J. 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 2002 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.17 No.4
This paper investigates international output convergence using methods of panel data unit root testing advocated by Im et al.(1997) and Breuer et al.(1999). Using quarterly data for a sample of OECD economies for the period 1960-98 on GDP differentials, the evidence suggests that power deficiency may be an issue where univariate ADF unit root tests find against convergence with respect to the US or Germany. However, while the Im et al. t-bar test offers strong evidence in favor of convergence, the Breuer et al. SURADF test suggest that this finding may in fact be driven by the rejection of non-stationarity in a small number of cases.
Adolescent Perceptions of Social Media in a Pacific Rim Community
Holmes, Robyn M.,Liden, Sharon,Shin, Lisa Korean Association of Child Studies 2013 Child studies in Asia-Pacific context Vol.3 No.2
This study explored social media use among 50 adolescents attending a public high school in a non-Western community. Adolescents participated in focus group interviews and completed a written self-report survey. Findings revealed that these teenagers use electronic communication forms such as phone texting and social networking sites to connect with friends and family. They show a preference for Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram, do not engage in risky Internet behavior, and acknowledge both positive and negative aspects of electronic communication forms. In addition, their selection of electronic communication forms is dependent upon several factors that include the strength of the relationship and type of discourse exchange. For example, they reserve phone texting and cell use, which are more private communication mediums for family and friends. Electronic communication did not replace face-to-face interactions; rather it complemented and extended those interactions. Findings support existing literature on adolescent social media use and those shared with other collectivist cultural groups.
CHANGES IN THE EXTENT OF FINANCIAL INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN THE G7 COUNTRIES IN THE 1970s AND 1980s
HOLMES, MARK J.,PENTECOS, ERIC J. 한국국제경제학회 1992 International Economic Journal Vol.6 No.4
This paper uses principal components analysis to examine the extent to which financial interdependence within the G7 countries has changed between the 1970s and the 1980s. In general, evidence is found of both greater capital market integration and of monetary interdependence. More specifically, the US, Japan and West Germany have all lost some degree of autonomy over monetary policy, while the UK has retained some autonomy by remaining outside the exchange rate mechanism of the European monetary system. In terms of capital market intergration, five of the G7 countries seem to have become more interdependent, the exceptions being Japan and the UK. [F15, F36]
REPRODUCTION AND CALF GROWTH IN BRAHMAN CROSSBRED AND SOUTH EAST ASIAN CATTLE IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Holmes, J.H.G.,McKinnon, M.J.,Seifert, G.W.,Schottler, J.H.,Bannick, A.,Malik, R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1992 Animal Bioscience Vol.5 No.3
Reproduction and growth to weaning were compared for Brahman crossbred (BX) and a local strain of South-East Asian cattle, "Javanese Zebu" (JZ) and their reciprocal crosses at "Erap" in the humid equatorial lowlands of Papua New Guinea. Forty heifers of each breed were mated continuously, half to bulls of each breed, for five years. BX calved first at 35 months while JZ calved at 31 months. Subsequent calving intervals were very short, at 370 and 341 days. JZ cows weighed about two thirds of the BX cattle at each stage of reproduction. Birth weights and growth to weaning were : BX 35 kg and 0.68 kg/d ; BX male $\times$ JZ female 29.3 kg and 0.53 kg/d ; JZ male $\times$ BX female 30.8 kg and 0.61 kg/d ; JZ 25 kg and 0.50 kg/d. The combination of small cow size, short calving interval and rapid calf growth resulted in the BX male $\times$ JZ female being the most efficient producer, in kg of calf weaned per cow mated per year while the reciprocal cross was the least efficient ; both straight-breds were equal and intermediate. These data show that indigenous equatorial cattle may not be inferior under good grazing conditions. For all traits, breed interactions (heterosis) was small and non-significant.