The New Century: Critical Junctures in Privatisation Policy in Brazil and Argentina?

John Hogan(존호건),David Doyle(데이비드 도일) 한국라틴아메리카학회 2010 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.23 No.3

This paper utilised and builds upon the critical junctures framework developed by Hogan and Doyle (2007; 2008). That framework consists of three separate elements that must be identified in sequence in order for the researcher to be able to declare, with some degree of certainty, if an event constitutes a critical juncture. These three elements are crisis, ideational change, and radical policy change. The framework set out here constitutes an even more rigorous approach to clearly identifying crisis, and ideational and radical policy changes. As Thelen (2003, 234) argues that few tools exist in political science to enable us make sense of institutional/policy change, a framework such as this should be of significant value. The framework is employed here in examining the economic debacles in Brazil in 1999 and in Argentina in 2001, to determine if there were critical junctures in their privatisation policies at the start of the 21 st century. Privatisation policy is examined as it constitutes a core tenet of conservative economic restructuring. A significant change in privatisation policy may be indicative of wider changes in macro-economic policy. Prior to the existence of this framework we would have had to wait for decades pass before we would be able to determine if a critical juncture had taken place.

Waardenburg Syndrome Type IV De Novo SOX10 Variant Causing Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction

Hogan, Anthony R.,Rao, Krishnamurti A.,Thorson, Willa L.,Neville, Holly L.,Sola, Juan E.,Perez, Eduardo A. The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2019 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.22 No.5

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) type IV is characterized by pigmentary abnormalities, deafness and Hirschsprung's disease. This syndrome can be triggered by dysregulation of the SOX10 gene, which belongs to the SOX (SRY-related high-mobility group-box) family of genes. We discuss the first known case of a SOX10 frameshift mutation variant defined as c.895delC causing WS type IV without Hirschsprung's disease. This female patient of unrelated Kuwaiti parents, who tested negative for cystic fibrosis and Hirschsprung's disease, was born with meconium ileus and malrotation and had multiple surgical complications likely due to chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. These complications included small intestinal necrosis requiring resection, development of a spontaneous fistula between the duodenum and jejunum after being left in discontinuity, and short gut syndrome. This case and previously reported cases demonstrate that SOX10 gene sequencing is a consideration in WS patients without aganglionosis but with intestinal dysfunction.

Statistical model of exotic rotational correlations in emergent space-time

Hogan, Craig,Kwon, Ohkyung,Richardson, Jonathan Institute of Physics 2017 Classical and quantum gravity Vol.34 No.13

<P>A Lorentz invariant statistical model is presented for rotational fluctuations in the local inertial frame that arise from new quantum degrees of freedom of space-time. The model assumes invariant classical causal structure, and a Planck information density in invariant proper time determined by the world line of an observer. It describes macroscopic spacelike correlations that appear as observable timelike correlations in phase differences of light propagating on paths that begin and end on the same world line. The model allows an exact prediction for the autocorrelation of any interferometer time signal from the shape of the light paths. Specific examples computed for configurations that approximate realistic experiments show that the model can be rigorously tested, allowing a direct experimental probe of Planck scale degrees of freedom.</P>

Statistical measures of Planck scale signal correlations in interferometers

Hogan, Craig J,Kwon, Ohkyung IOP 2017 Classical and quantum gravity Vol.34 No.7

<P>A model-independent statistical framework is presented to interpret data from systems where the mean time derivative of positional cross correlation between world lines, a measure of spreading in a quantum geometrical wave function, is measured with a precision smaller than the Planck time. The framework provides a general way to constrain possible departures from perfect independence of classical world lines, associated with Planck scale bounds on positional information. A parameterized candidate set of possible correlation functions is shown to be consistent with the known causal structure of the classical geometry measured by an apparatus, and the holographic scaling of information suggested by gravity. Frequency-domain power spectra are derived that can be compared with interferometer data. Simple projections of sensitivity for realistic experimental set-ups suggests that measurements will confirm or rule out a class of Planck scale departures from classical geometry.</P>

Models of exotic interferometer cross-correlations in emergent space-time

Hogan, Craig,Kwon, Ohkyung Institute of Physics 2018 Classical and quantum gravity Vol.35 No.20

<P>A Lorentz invariant framework is developed to model the cross spectrum of two interferometers in a space-time that emerges from a Planck scale quantum system with exact causal symmetry and holographic spacelike rotational correlations. Space-time relationships between world lines are generated by entanglement of geometrical states on causal diamonds. The entanglement is tied to a unique observable signature: an exotic imaginary broad band cross spectrum, with a frequency structure determined by the layout of the interferometers. The models will be used to interpret data from the reconfigured Fermilab Holometer, and for conceptual design of future experiments.</P>

Waardenburg Syndrome Type IV De Novo SOX10 Variant Causing Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction

Anthony R. Hogan,Krishnamurti A. Rao,Willa L. Thorson,Holly L. Neville,Juan E. Sola,Eduardo A. Perez 대한소아소화기영양학회 2019 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.22 No.5

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) type IV is characterized by pigmentary abnormalities, deafness and Hirschsprung's disease. This syndrome can be triggered by dysregulation of the SOX10 gene, which belongs to the SOX (SRY-related high-mobility group-box) family of genes. We discuss the first known case of a SOX10 frameshift mutation variant defined as c.895delC causing WS type IV without Hirschsprung's disease. This female patient of unrelated Kuwaiti parents, who tested negative for cystic fibrosis and Hirschsprung's disease, was born with meconium ileus and malrotation and had multiple surgical complications likely due to chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. These complications included small intestinal necrosis requiring resection, development of a spontaneous fistula between the duodenum and jejunum after being left in discontinuity, and short gut syndrome. This case and previously reported cases demonstrate that SOX10 gene sequencing is a consideration in WS patients without aganglionosis but with intestinal dysfunction.

Human Duodenal Mucosal Bicarbonate Secretion in Health and Disease

( Daniel L. Hogan ),( Jon I. Isenberg ) 대한소화기학회 1993 SIDDS Vol.2 No.-

Crystallization of Precursors to Forsterite and Chromium-Doped Forsterite

Park, Dong Gon Martin, M. Hogan E. Ober, Christopher K. Burlitch, James M. Cavin, O. Burl Porter, Wallace D. Hubbard, Camden R. 숙명여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1994 자연과학논문집 Vol.- No.5

The pyrolysis and crystallization of poly(mathacrylate) precursors and xerogels of forsterite and chromiumdoped forsterite were studied by in situ high-temperature, dynamic X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. For both types of precursor, crystallization of forsterite occurred at lower temperature when doped with chromium. Also, exotherms above 700℃ occurred 50℃ lower when chromium was present. When residual carbon in the xerogels was more than ∼1%, an unidentified crystalline intermediate phase formed at ∼800℃. Conversion of the intermediate phase to forsterite was faster than amorphous material. Thus, full crystallinity was attained at a lower temperature when the xerogels had some residual carbon.

The Time-Series Behaviour of Credit Spreads on Yen Eurobonds

Batten, Jonathan,Ellis, Craig,Hogan, Warren 서울대학교 증권금융연구소 2003 증권금융저널 Vol.2 No.1

Straight fixed rate Yen denominated Eurobonds rerpesent the largest market segment after U.S. dollar denominated issues. The objective of this paper is to investigate the time series behaviour and the effciency of the markets for credit spreads between different risk and maturity classes of Yen denominated Eurobonds. We find that the credit spreads were time-varying and the return series were ineffcient though those results may have been due to differences in liquidity between the different credit classes and maturities of bonds. The implications of these results for credit spread derivatives is examined.

An Australian Perspective on AI, Ethics and its Regulatory Challenges

David Lindsay,Jane Hogan 서울대학교 공익산업법센터 2019 경제규제와 법 Vol.12 No.2

The development of ethical or responsible AI poses significant regulatory and policy challenges, including those focused on how to balance the need for promoting technological innovation against ensuring that harms to individual and social rights and interests are minimised. Balancing these competing imperatives self-evidently depends upon the ethical or regulatory frameworks from which policy issues are identified and analysed. This article introduces, surveys and evaluates Australian policy responses to the ethical and legal challenges posed by Artificial Intelligence (AI), with a focus on emerging Australian AI and ethics frameworks. The article begins with an introduction to some general features of the Australian approach to regulating new technologies, which we characterise as overwhelmingly ‘enabling and pragmatic’. These general features are then illustrated by examples taken from current Australian policy processes aimed at responding to the challenges posed by AI. First, the article explains the Australian initiatives taken in relation to the regulation of autonomous vehicles which, to date, is the most developed part of the Australian response to AI-based technologies. Secondly, the main elements of the Australian government’s ‘responsible AI’ framework are outlined, with an emphasis on the Data61 ‘AI and Ethics’ process, but including the Standards Australia process, which aims eventually to produce an AI Standards Roadmap. Thirdly, the article introduces the Australian Human Rights Commission’s (AHRC’s) project on human rights and technology, which has developed a particular focus on the human rights challenges posed by AI. Finally, mainly as a point of comparison with the consequentialist emphasis of the mainstream Australian regulatory tradition, the article explains The Ethics Centre’s ‘Ethical by Design’ approach, which adopts a non-instrumentalist framework, and points to the importance of taking ethical considerations into account in the design of AI applications. In the conclusion to the article, a number of observations are drawn from the analysis of the Australian policy responses to developing responsible AI that are explained in the article, bearing in mind that the policy processes are not yet fully developed. First, it seems clear that in balancing the promotion of technological innovation and protection against individual and social harms, that, based upon the Australian tradition of pragmatically enabling new technologies, Australia will favour approaches that promote and facilitate the introduction of AI-based technologies. Secondly, while the article identifies clear tensions between approaches that are essentially pragmatic and consequentialist, such as the Data61 approach to developing a national AI ethics framework, and those that adopt a more human rights or human-centred approach, such as the AHRC approach to its human rights and technology project, it seems likely that Australia will favour the former approach, so that any regulatory intervention will be ‘light touch’ and minimalist, probably consisting largely of self-regulatory (or co-regulatory) codes of practice. Thirdly, the Australian pragmatic and technology-enabling approach is likely to prevail, even though it effectively overlooks some of the most significant policy and ethical challenges arising from AI technologies, especially those concerned with protecting human-centred values, such as human dignity and autonomy, in the face of highly instrumentalist technologies. Fourthly, the rise of AI technologies poses novel regulatory dilemmas, including how to best build ethical considerations into the design of technologies and how to devise regulatory strategies that are appropriately ‘adaptive’ or ‘anticipatory’. Although these issues are likely to be raised in public debates relating to the policy processes introduced in this article, we conclude that it is unlikely that Australia will take the lead in pioneering policies a