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Comparison of Anodic Community in Microbial Fuel Cells with Iron Oxide-Reducing Community
( Hiroshi Yokoyama ),( Mitsuyoshi Ishida ),( Takahiro Yamashita ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.4
The group of Fe(III) oxide-reducing bacteria includes exoelectrogenic bacteria, and they possess similar properties of transferring electrons to extracellular insoluble-electron acceptors. The exoelectrogenic bacteria can use the anode in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as the terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic acetate oxidation. In the present study, the anodic community was compared with the community using Fe(III) oxide (ferrihydrite) as the electron acceptor coupled with acetate oxidation. To precisely analyze the structures, the community was established by enrichment cultures using the same inoculum used for the MFCs. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed considerable differences between the structure of the anodic communities and that of the Fe(III) oxide-reducing community. Geobacter species were predominantly detected (>46%) in the anodic communities. In contrast, Pseudomonas (70%) and Desulfosporosinus (16%) were predominant in the Fe(III) oxide-reducing community. These results demonstrated that Geobacter species are the most specialized among Fe(III)-reducing bacteria for electron transfer to the anode in MFCs. In addition, the present study indicates the presence of a novel lineage of bacteria in the genus Pseudomonas that highly prefers ferrihydrite as the terminal electron acceptor in acetate oxidation.
The Japan Health Physics Society Guideline on Dose Monitoring for the Lens of the Eye
Yokoyama Sumi,Tsujimura Norio,Hashimoto Makoto,Yoshitomi Hiroshi,Kato Masahiro,Kurosawa Tadahiro,Tatsuzaki Hideo,Sekiguchi Hiroshi,Koguchi Yasuhiro,Ono Koji,Akiyoshi Masahumi,Kunugita Naoki,Natsuhori 대한방사선방어학회 2022 방사선방어학회지 Vol.47 No.1
Background: In Japan, new regulations that revise the dose limit for the lens of the eye (hereafter the lens), operational quantities, and measurement positions for the lens dose were enforced in April 2021. Based on the international safety standards, national guidelines, the results of the Radiation Safety Research Promotion Fund of the Nuclear Regulation Authority, and other studies, the Working Group of Radiation Protection Standardization Committee, the Japan Health Physics Society (JHPS) developed a guideline for radiation dose monitoring for the lens.Materials and Methods: The Working Group of the JHPS discussed the criteria of non-uniform exposure and the management criteria set not to exceed the dose limit for the lens.Results and Discussion: In July 2020, the JHPS guideline was published. The guideline consists of three parts: main text, explanations, and 26 examples. In the questions, the corresponding answers were prepared, and specific examples were provided to enable similar cases to be addressed.Conclusion: With the development of the guideline on radiation dose monitoring of the lens, radiation managers and workers will be able to smoothly comply with revised regulations and optimize radiation protection.
Acoustic radiation from flows around a cascade of flat plates
Hiroshi Yokoyama,Akiyoshi Iida 한국전산유체공학회 2012 한국전산유체공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.11
To clarify the effects of acoustic resonance on flows around a cascade of flat plates, direct simulations and experiments were performed. The Reynolds number based on the chord length and the freestream velocity is 8.7×10<SUP>4</SUP>. The separation-to-thickness ratio s/d is 6.0. The results show that large-scale vortices composed of fine-scale vortices are shed from the downstream edges of the plates. When the acoustic resonance occurs, the coherence between the velocity fluctuations in the wake of a plate and that of the neighboring plate becomes higher. This means that the synchronization of the shedding of the vortices occurs in the wakes of the neighboring plates. The mode of the synchronization is an anti-phase mode. As a result, the acoustic waves radiated from neighboring plates are superposed on each other, and the standing waves generated between plates are reinforced.
HIROSHI OHI,TOMOYA YOKOYAMA 한국펄프·종이공학회 2006 한국펄프종이학회 기타 간행물 Vol.- No.-
The pulp yield was improved by about 4.5-5% when polysulfide (PS) and anthraquinone (AQ) were added to the kraft cooking liquor (white liquor). The exchange of the black liquor with fresh white liquor further increased the yield. The highest pulp yield was obtained when the PS cooking liquor containing 70% of total active alkali (AA) and 100% of AQ was used from the beginning of the reaction and the black liquor was exchanged with fresh white liquor containing the residual 30% of AA just after temperature reached 135℃. There was a good correlation between kraft pulp yields of a hardwood species and the ratios of the amount of xylose to glucose (X/G ratio), liberated by an acid hydrolysis of the pulps. However, the correlation was dependent on raw material wood species. Therefore, it is required in advance to establish a correlation between the yields and X/G ratios for raw material wood species of a target pulp in order to estimate pulp yield using X/G ratio. The X/G ratios of relatively high yield pulps showed higher values than those expected from the correlation. In a mill trial, the superiority of the PS-AQ isothermal cooking (ITC) process over the kraft ITC process was confirmed by examining X/G ratio of pulps obtained. The pulp yield in the PS-AQ ITC process was estimated at about 57.0%. This yield is very high, which indicates that reaction conditions of the PS-AQ ITC process are optimal.
Determination of surface nematic liquid crystal anchoring strength using nano-scale surface grooves.
Choi, Yoonseuk,Yokoyama, Hiroshi,Gwag, Jin Seog Optical Society of America 2013 Optics express Vol.21 No.10
<P>Based on several nano-scale groove models, we propose a new technique to simultaneously determine the azimuthal and polar surface anchoring strengths of nematic liquid crystal (LC). The optical analysis of LCs on a grooved surface made by nanoimprinting lithography was performed on special alignment material, using a typical rubbing process. In our approach, using a polarizing microscope, we can determine the LC alignment exactly as it is in a parallel state, rather than a twisted state. This simple proposed method gives an accurate value of the surface LC anchoring of various surfaces, as well as simultaneously measuring the azimuthal and polar anchoring energy.</P>
Noboru Yamazaki,Shuji Kojima,Hiroshi Yokoyama 한국물리학회 2005 Current Applied Physics Vol.5 No.2
The development of active targeting DDS nanoparticles is gaining attention in malignant tumor and other disease treatments thatare seeking DDSs that do not produce side-eects. In the present work we have prepared two types of sugar-chain remodeled gly-coproteinliposome conjugates. These liposomal particles had a mean diameter of 100 nm, and maintained stable properties for sev-eral months. The lectin-binding anity of 30-sialyl-Lewis X-type sugar-chain-bearing liposomes was specic toward E-Selectin, andthe dissociation constant was estimated to be in the level of about 300 pM. The uptake of 30-sialyl-Lewis X-type sugar-chain-bearingliposomal nanoparticles was predominant for solid tumor tissue. These results emphasize the importance of structural features ofsugar-chain ligands on the membrane surface of liposomal nanoparticles..