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제24회 동양학 학술회의 『한,미,로,중,일의 한국 근현대사 연구 현황 』 : 일본에서 한국 근대사연구의 새로운 조류 -최근의 일본,아시아 관계사의 진전과 관련하여-

교곡홍 ( Hiroshi Hashiya ) 성균관대학교 대동문화연구원 1997 大東文化硏究 Vol.32 No.-
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東アジアの近現代都市

橋谷弘(Hashiya Hiroshi) 서울시립대학교 서울학연구소 2018 서울학연구 Vol.- No.73
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This article discusses common points and differences while comparing three cases that appeared in cities in modern East Asia (Northeast Asia / Southeast Asia). First, in the late 19th century during the formation of a modern city, the shopouse was built. The shophouse was born in the 1820s by city planning conducted by T.Raffles in Singapore. Shophouse, which began as a typical colonial architecture, eventually spread to independent countries in East Asia. In Japan, the same style appeared in the Ginza brick district, but it was not a product of colonialism, but was strongly oriented towards modernization. However, shop houses did not spread to cities in Japan, and a new urban landscape was created while modernizing the style of traditional cities. In Bangkok, the shophouse was built in various places in the kings led modernization policy. Although it is modeled on colonial city Singapore and Batavia, it can be said that it is the result of a subjective modernization policy. Introduction of the shophouse as a nationalist modernization policy was also seen in China, “qilou (騎楼)” was born. It originated in Hong Kong which was a British colony, eventually Zhang Zhidong 張之洞, a Western-style bureaucrat also introduced to Guangzhou, then spread to each city in southern China. Second, department stores were the symbol of consumption culture showing the transformation to modern cities in the first half of the 20th century. In Seoul, Keijo Mitsukoshi etc. were born and had functions as a recreation area with facilities such as large restaurants, fairgrounds, galleries and rooftop gardens. This is a style introduced in Japan, Mitsukoshi issued the “department store declaration”, followed by Japanesestyle department stores that have amusement facilities and enjoyed from adults to kids were born one after another. Similar phenomena also appeared in semi-colony China. Shanghai Yong-an Co., Ltd. has not only stores but restaurants, inns, billiards, dance halls, etc. as a recreation area, similar cases were seen in Tianjin and Beijing. Besides department stores, contemporary urban spaces such as dance halls, cafes, movie theaters, etc. spread in the East Asian cities of the 1920’s and 30’s. Department stores in East Asia had different characteristics from the West. Besides department stores, contemporary urban spaces such as dance halls, cafes, movie theaters, etc. spread in the East Asian cities of the 1920’s and 30’s. However, we should not evaluate only aspects of “development” and “modernization” hastily, and consider its multifaceted elements. Third, a case symbolizing the maturity of modern cities in the second half of the 20th century is the housing policy. Seoul forcibly removed the squatter, and the construction of a new city such as Seongnam 城南 (1973), Gwacheon 果川 (1986), Mokdong 木洞(1989) was promoted by the government and Public authority. The circumstances are different in China, and under the planned economy, state enterprises and others have provided everything from public services to daily necessities. When it became a socialist market economy after the 1990s, the construction of residential complexes progressed by private-sector developers led by the government. In Japan, unlike these, households of the middle class prefer a independent housing, and smallscale single-family homes of modern style increased by receiving loans such as Housing Loan Corporation (1950). In this way, in modern East Asian cities, although the contents and landscape are different, housing construction and urbanization have been promptly promoted on a policy basis.
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A synthetic DNA-binding inhibitor of SOX2 guides human induced pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into mesoderm

Taniguchi, Junichi,Pandian, Ganesh N.,Hidaka, Takuya,Hashiya, Kaori,Bando, Toshikazu,Kim, Kyeong Kyu,Sugiyama, Hiroshi Oxford University Press 2017 Nucleic acids research Vol.45 No.16
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AbstractTargeted differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using only chemicals would have value-added clinical potential in the regeneration of complex cell types including cardiomyocytes. Despite the availability of several chemical inhibitors targeting proteins involved in signaling pathways, no bioactive synthetic DNA-binding inhibitors, targeting key cell fate-controlling genes such as SOX2, are yet available. Here, we demonstrate a novel DNA-based chemical approach to guide the differentiation of hiPSCs using pyrrole–imidazole polyamides (PIPs), which are sequence-selective DNA-binding synthetic molecules. Harnessing knowledge about key transcriptional changes during the induction of cardiomyocyte, we developed a DNA-binding inhibitor termed PIP-S2, targeting the 5′-CTTTGTT-3′ and demonstrated that inhibition of SOX2–DNA interaction by PIP-S2 triggers the mesoderm induction in hiPSCs. Genome-wide gene expression analyses revealed that PIP-S2 induced mesoderm by targeted alterations in SOX2-associated gene regulatory networks. Also, employment of PIP-S2 along with a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor successfully generated spontaneously contracting cardiomyocytes, validating our concept that DNA-binding inhibitors could drive the directed differentiation of hiPSCs. Because PIPs can be fine-tuned to target specific DNA sequences, our DNA-based approach could be expanded to target and regulate key transcription factors specifically associated with desired cell types.