Analyzing the Impacts of Urban Policy on Urbanization in Bangladesh

( Hasan Md Golam Mehedi ) 한국행정학회 2013 한국행정학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2013 No.-

Over the last few decades, urban areas in Bangladesh have had dramatic growth as a result of rapid population expansion and technological and political changes. Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh has experienced a higher rate of urban growth in recent decades and it has transformed into a megacity. This creates many challenges, especially about how to feed, shelter and generate employment in a sustainable way. As such, the city is characterized by a high level of poverty and social vulnerability, poor infrastructure and social services, poor quality of the physical and social environment, and inefficient urban management. This paper provides a general understanding of urban policy and urbanization in Bangladesh and tries to embrace the related issues and challenges hindering national urban policy in Bangladesh. There are many priority matters requiring attention like the formulation of national urban policy, promoting good governance, enacting appropriate legislation for land-use control, related human resource and sustainable development in Bangladesh. Poverty reduction is one of the most significant parts of urban policy for viable urbanization in this developing country. Bangladesh should formulate a corresponding focus in its national urban policy. Donors should provide the necessary financial backing for such a sustainable and equitable urban policy for Bangladesh.

Application of Sequence Diagrams to the Reverse Engineering Process of the ESf-ccs

Hasan, Md. Mehedi,Elakrat, Mohamed,Mayaka, Joyce,Jung, Jae Cheon The Korean Society of Systems Engineering 2019 시스템엔지니어링학술지 Vol.15 No.1

Reverse engineering involves examining a system or component so as to comprehend its structure, functionality, and operation. Creation of a system model in reverse engineering can serve several purposes: test generation, change impact analysis, and the creation of a new or modified system. When attempting to reverse engineering a system, often the most readily accessible information is the system description, which does not readily lend itself to use in Model Based System Engineering (MBSE). Therefore, it is necessary to be able to transform this description into a diagram, which clearly depicts the behavior of the system as well as the interaction between components. This study demonstrates how sequence diagrams can be extracted from the systems description. Using MBSE software, the sequence diagrams for the Engineered Safety Features Component Control System (ESF-CCS) of the Nuclear Power Plant are created. Sequence diagrams are chosen because they are a means of representing the systems behavior and the interaction between components. In addition, from these diagrams, the system's functional requirements can be elicited. These diagrams then serve as the baseline of the reverse engineering process and multiple system views are subsequently be created from them, thus speeding up the development process. In addition, the use of MBSE ensures that any additional information obtained from auxiliary sources can then be input into the system model, ensuring data consistency.

URBANIZATION & INDUSTRIALIZATION : A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BANGLADESH

Hasan, Md Golam Mehedi,Lee, Jong Youl(이종열) 한국지방정부학회 2014 지방정부연구 Vol.18 No.3

본 연구는 1991년부터 2011년까지 약 20년 기간의 방글라데시 도시화와 산업화의 과정을 분석하였다. 분석의 대상은 방글라데시를 대표하는 6개 주요 지역을 포함하였다. 특히 이 분석과정에서 방글라데시 주요 지역의 도시발전에서 산업적 요인들이 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 중점적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 이러한 요인들의 영향을 분석하기 위하여 본 연구는 6개 주요 지역의 64개 구역을 분석의 단위로 삼아 입지상(LQ) 방법을 사용하여 영향요인을 분석하였다. 방글라데시 도시화는 지역에 따라 큰 차이를 보이고 있는데 Dhaka시의 경우 93%의 도시화를 보이고 있는 반면 다른 일부 도시들은 18%정도의 낮은 도시화를 보이는 도시들도 있다. LQ 방법을 통하여 특정 지역에서의 산업의 상대적 중요도를 알아보려고 하였는데, 분석의 결과 흥미로운 점은 수도인 Dhaka시와 두번째 큰 도시인 Chittagong시에서는 섬유산업, 서비스산업, 노점상이 가장 중요한 영향요인으로 나타났다. 한편 다른 도시들에서는 도시화의 주요 요인으로서 농업, 건설업, 교통?통신업이 주요한 요인으로 나타났다. 또한 제조업이 전 도시에 걸쳐 중요한 요인으로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. This study examines the process of urbanization and industrialization in Bangladesh between 1991 and 2011 in the six major regions which make up Bangladesh. In particular, we analyze whether industrial factors are more strongly associated with urban development in the main urban centers of Bangladesh. This study uses data from all 64 districts in Bangladesh to look at the factors that drive urbanization of the six major cities in Bangladesh. We examine the weight of industrial location in this study using the Location Quotient (LQ) as a measure. However, this study finds that the textile industry, service industry and small vendors contribute mostly to urbanization in the capital city Dhaka and the second largest city, Chittagong, while the agricultural sector, construction, transportation and communication are the main drivers of urbanization in the other main cities. Moreover, manufacturing industry is also a rising force driving urbanization in Bangladesh.

Impact of culture on urbanization in Bangladesh

Hasan, Md Golam Mehedi 한국문화정책학회 2013 한국문화정책학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.4

Culture might play a primitive component in the urban strategies in Bangladesh. This paper main purpose is how culture can impact on urbanization and the authority emphasis on culture-related policy that affects on urban development in Bangladesh. It also examines the arguments that have been advanced about the effectiveness of cultural as tools on urbanization. Urban culture can makes a diverse set of contexts, the positive and negative outcomes of culture, and identifies the practical approach, and opportunities for urbanization in Bangladesh. This paper provides an extensive initiation with the actions of urban cultural and development studies in Bangladesh. It also review the urban cultural in Bangladesh and how cultural sector acquaint of urban development.It presents a global set of cultural impact on urban development and influence urbanization. This paper provides a general understanding of urban culture on urbanization in Bangladesh and tries to embrace the related amenities of urban culture in Bangladesh.

Impact of Urbanization on Urban Industry in Bangladesh

Hasan, Md Golam Mehedi 서울행정학회 2013 서울행정학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2013 No.5

Urbanization and economic growth go hand in hand. Cities are also an engine of growth. Productivity, growth, job creation in most developing countries is moving from rural areas to urban areas. In some sense urban areas are the real engines of economic growth. Looking at Bangladesh and can see that economic activity is densely packed in Dhaka city. Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh has experienced a higher rate of urban growth in recent decades and it has transformed into a megacity. Moreover, Dhaka alone already home to 15 million receives over four hundred thousand migrants each year, People move to Dhaka in search of economic opportunity. Farmers and people from rural areas come to the cities for live, eat, work and economic prosperity. This people are pushed up the land. They are also pulled in to the cities which are seen as a destination of economic opportunity. Through this process, urbanization propels the entire economy towards more industrial growth. The role of rapid urbanization also contributes towards steering industrial growth in Dhaka city. In addition, urbanization drives the development of industrial growth and the migration of people. So, the process of urbanization should be linked to raising the standards of industrial growth in Bangladesh. This paper provides a general understanding of urbanization and its impact on urban industry in Bangladesh. It`s also tries to embrace the causes and consequences of ongoing urbanization and industrial growth in Bangladesh.

Urban Development Strategy in Bangladesh

Hasan Md Golam Mehedi 서울행정학회 2013 서울행정학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

Urban development and economic growth go hand in hand. Productivity, and job creation in most developing countries is moving from rural areas to urban areas. In some sense urban areas are the real engines of economic growth. Looking at Bangladesh and can see that economic activity is densely packed in Dhaka city. Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh has experienced a higher rate of urban growth in recent decades and it has transformed into a megacity. People move to Dhaka in search of economic opportunity. This is because Dhaka alone already home to 15 million receives over four hundred thousand migrants each year. The role of rapid urbanization contributes towards steering economic growth in Dhaka city. Furthermore, the urban development knowledge platform connects and convinces national policy makers, cities, researchers, private sectors, and civil society. This paper provides an overview of urban development, and its strategy in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. Moreover, this study tries to establish a link between urban development and growth, causes and impacts of ongoing urban development in Dhaka city.

Tensile Stress Effect on Performance of a-IGZO TFTs With Source/Drain Offsets

Hasan, Mehedi,Billah, Mohammad Masum,Jang, Jin IEEE 2018 IEEE electron device letters Vol.39 No.2

<P>We report the effect of repeated tensile bending stress on the electrical performance of amorphous-indium–gallium–zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transis- tors (TFTs) with source/drain offset. The tensile strain induces the negative transfer shift for the conventional TFTs, but the ON-current ( <TEX>${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$</TEX>) increases significantly for the offset TFTs with negligible change in threshold voltage ( <TEX>${V}_{\textsf {TH}}$</TEX>). The experimental results can be fitted well with technology computer aided design simulation by the generation of donor-like states in the bending region of the a-IGZO semiconductor. The degraded TFT performance can be completely recovered by thermal annealing at 250 °C for 1 h, confirming the generation of the donor-like metastable defects, oxygen vacancies.</P>

Adaptive Mobility Load Balancing Algorithm for LTE Small-Cell Networks

Hasan, Md Mehedi,Kwon, Sungoh,Na, Jee-Hyeon IEEE 2018 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Vol.17 No.4

<P>Small cells were introduced to support high data-rate services and for dense deployment. Owing to user equipment (UE) mobility and small-cell coverage, the load across a small-cell network recurrently becomes unbalanced. Such unbalanced loads result in performance degradation in throughput and handover success and can even cause radio link failure. In this paper, we propose a mobility load balancing algorithm for small-cell networks by adapting network load status and considering load estimation. To that end, the proposed algorithm adjusts handover parameters depending on the overloaded cells and adjacent cells. Resource usage depends on signal qualities and traffic demands of connected UEs in long-term evolution. Hence, we define a resource block-utilization ratio as a measurement of cell load and employ an adaptive threshold to determine overloaded cells, according to the network load situation. Moreover, to avoid performance oscillation, the impact of moving loads on the network is considered. Through system-level simulations, the performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated in various environments. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides a more balanced load across networks (i.e., smaller standard deviation across the cells) and higher network throughput than previous algorithms.</P>

Urban Development and Urban Policy in Bangladesh

Hasan, Md Golam Mehedi,Lee, Jong Youl 서울행정학회 2015 서울행정학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.2

This paper provides a general understanding of urban development and urban policy using the different variables to discuss the reality of urbanization over the last couple of decades in Bangladesh. Also this study tries to describe the answer in the contemporary Bangladeshi context, to the question of which factors drive urban development and what is the urban policy in the major cities of Bangladesh. In particular, it presents whether economic factors are more associated with urban development in Bangladesh. This study uses data from 64 Bangladeshi cities covering the year of 1991, 2001, and 2011to look at the factors that drive urban development in Bangladesh. To evaluate the weight of concentration about economic factors this study uses GLS regression as a research. It also reflects a comprehensive look at understanding some core factors in details of urban development in Bangladesh. However, the study finds that most of the Bangladeshi cities are transforming in the industrial period and the transportation and communication, public employee and textile industry is main sources in the city’s economy. Moreover, agriculture industry is also moving force to drive urban development in Bangladesh.

Frequent-Handover Mitigation in Ultra-Dense Heterogeneous Networks

Hasan, Md Mehedi,Kwon, Sungoh,Oh, Sangchul IEEE 2019 IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology VT Vol.68 No.1

<P>In a heterogeneous network (HetNet) with ultra-dense small-cell deployment, fast-moving users may experience frequent handovers between small cells owing to the small coverage areas of those cells. Moreover, due to shadowing and channel fading, static or slow-moving users can also experience frequent handovers, called ping-pongs. Such redundant handovers are unacceptable, and can cause packet losses or packet delays leading to a poor user experience. To solve these unwanted handover problems, we propose a frequent handover mitigation algorithm for ultra-dense HetNets. Based on mobility behavior, the proposed algorithm categorizes frequent handover-experience users as either fast-moving or ping-pong users. Fast-moving users are then handed over to the macro layer, and ping-pong users are managed by adjustment of handover parameters. However, if ping-pongs cannot be avoided through handover-parameter adjustment, ping-pong users are handed over to the macro layer as well. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce 79.56% of the overall handovers, and increase network throughput by 10.82%.</P>