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Parallel-processing continuous-flow device for optimization-free polymerase chain reaction
Kim, Hanok,Park, Nokyoung,Hahn, Jong Hoon Springer-Verlag 2016 Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry Vol.408 No.24
<P>A parallel-processing four-station polymerase chain reaction (PCR) device has been developed, which performs continuous-flow PCR without optimization of the annealing temperature. Since the annealing temperature of each station can be controlled independently, the device covers an annealing temperature range of 50-68 A degrees C, which is wide enough to perform PCR for any DNA fragment regardless of its optimum annealing condition. This arrangement lets us continuously obtain an amplified amount of a DNA fragment at least from one of the stations. The device consists of four identical cylindrical stations (diameter 20 mm, height 55 mm). A polytetrafluoroethylene capillary reactor (length 2 m, I.D. 100 mu m, O.D. 400 mu m) is wound helically up around each station. The whole assembly is designed to minimize the number of heating blocks (for providing temperatures of denaturation, annealing, and extension) to be seven and to shape a compact cube (height 55 mm, base 60 mm x 60 mm). The reproducibility for continuous-flow PCR is reasonably high (run-to-run and station-to-station relative standard deviation of their amplification is lower than 6 % and about 4 %, respectively). Performance on the optimization-free DNA amplification has been evaluated with four DNA samples with different annealing conditions and product sizes (323, 608, 828, and 1101 bp), which has demonstrated that in all cases, PCR is successful at least on one station. In addition, three DNA fragments with different lengths (323, 1101, and 2836 bp) have been successfully amplified in a segmented-flow mode without the carry-over contamination between segments. This result suggests that this device could serve as the PCR module of a continuous-flow high-throughput on-line total DNA analysis system integrating all necessary modules from cell lysis/DNA extraction to PCR product analysis.</P>
Hong, Nam Jeong,Park, Hanok,Baek, Myoung-Jin,Lee, Soo-Hyoung,Jeong, Jo,Park, Jun Hui,Zong, Kyukwan Elsevier 2016 Organic Electronics Vol.35 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Four BDT-TPD polymers (<B>PA</B>–<B>PD</B>) were synthesized by modifying the alkylthienyl chains on BDT, placing spacer group between BDT and TPD, and installing extended conjugated side chains on the BDT of the polymer to investigate the correlation between structure and photovoltaic performance for these polymers. The molecular weight of <B>PA</B>–<B>PD</B> polymers ranged from the highest (<I>Mn</I> = 80 kDa for <B>PA</B>) to the lowest (<I>Mn</I> = 7.9 kDa for <B>PD</B>), and their decomposition temperatures at 5% weight loss were in the range 401–435 °C. PA, <B>PB</B>, and <B>PC</B> showed similar UV–vis absorption spectra; however, <B>PD</B> showed much broader absorption spectrum in the entire UV–vis region, because of the extended conjugated side chains. The HOMO levels of the polymers were −5.72, −5.63, −5.48, and −5.61 eV for <B>PA</B>, <B>PB</B>, <B>PC</B>, and <B>PD</B>, respectively, indicating very low-lying HOMO energy levels. The bandgaps of these polymers were calculated and found to be in the range 1.85–1.88 eV. The theoretical calculations clearly show that the torsional angles between the alkylthienyl group and BDT unit of the simplified dimer correlated to the π-orbital delocalization, suggesting that the HOMO π-electrons of vertically aligned conjugated side chains do not delocalize well in the polymers such as <B>PA</B>, <B>PB</B>, and <B>PC</B> bearing high torsional angles. The optimized weight ratios of the polymer to PC<SUB>61</SUB>BM were determined to be 1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:1 for <B>PA</B>, <B>PC</B>, and <B>PD</B>, respectively, and the average PCEs of the devices were 5.36%, 4.62%, and 2.74% for <B>PA</B>, <B>PC</B>, and <B>PD,</B> respectively, after optimization with 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO). A relatively small amount of DIO as an additive was necessary to reach the optimal PCEs of the devices, and the device incorporating PC needed only 0.5% DIO to obtain the best PCE. The AFM study reveals that the blend films after adding DIO showed much smooth morphologies, and the blend film of <B>PA</B> exhibited more crystalline property, as shown by the XRD analysis.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Four PBDT-TPD polymers were designed and investigated by engineering alkyl group, spacer, and side chains. </LI> <LI> The polymer with branched alkyl chain shows higher PCEs due to better morphology and excellent <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> (>1 V). </LI> <LI> The polymer with a thiophene spacer shows higher <I>J</I> <SUB> <I>sc</I> </SUB> due to higher planarity of the polymer backbone. </LI> <LI> The polymer with vertically extended conjugated side chain exhibits broader range of absorption. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Device performance of inverted polymer solar cells with AgSiO(2) nanoparticles in active layer.
Jang, Lee-Woon,Park, Hanok,Lee, Soo-Hyoung,Polyakov, Alexander Y,Khan, Rizwan,Yang, Jin-Kyu,Lee, In-Hwan Optical Society of America 2015 Optics express Vol.23 No.7
<P>Localized surface plasmon mediated polymer solar cells (PSCs) were fabricated using the Ag/SiO(2) nanoparticles (NPs). The inverted PSC structure without poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (</P>
Eom, Seung Hun,Baek, Myung-Jin,Park, Hanok,Yan, Liang,Liu, Shubin,You, Wei,Lee, Soo-Hyoung American Chemical Society 2014 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.6 No.2
<P>Hybrid solar cells (HSCs) incorporating both organic and inorganic materials typically have significant interfacial issues which can significantly limit the device efficiency by allowing charge recombination, macroscopic phase separation, and nonideal contact. All these issues can be mitigated by applying carefully designed interfacial modifiers (IMs). In an attempt to further understand the function of these IMs, we investigated two IMs in two different HSCs structures: an inverted bilayer HSC of ZnO:poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and an inverted bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell of ZnO/P3HT:[6,6]-phenyl C<SUB>61</SUB>-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). In the former device configuration, ZnO serves as the <I>n</I>-type semiconductor, while in the latter device configuration, it functions as an electron transport layer (ETL)/hole blocking layer (HBL). In the ZnO:P3HT bilayer device, after the interfacial modification, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.42% with improved <I>V</I><SUB>oc</SUB> and FF and a significantly increased <I>J</I><SUB>sc</SUB> was obtained. In the ZnO/P3HT:PCBM based BHJ device, including IMs also improved the PCE to 4.69% with an increase in <I>V</I><SUB>oc</SUB> and FF. Our work clearly demonstrates that IMs help to reduce both the charge recombination and leakage current by minimizing the number of defect sites and traps and to increase the compatibility of hydrophilic ZnO with the organic layers. Furthermore, the major role of IMs depends on the function of ZnO in different device configurations, either as <I>n</I>-type semiconductor in bilayer devices or as ETL/HBL in BHJ devices. We conclude by offering insights for designing ideal IMs in future efforts, in order to achieve high-efficiency in both ZnO:polymer bilayer structure and ZnO/polymer:PCBM BHJ devices.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2014/aamick.2014.6.issue-2/am402684w/production/images/medium/am-2013-02684w_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am402684w'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Y.S. Kim,Y. Lee,Wonjoo Lee,Hanok Park,한성환,이수형 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.1
This paper reports the effect of the molecular weight (MW) and polydispersity (PD) of poly (3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT) in bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (BHJ-SCs). The P3HT with low MW and broad PD exhibited higher crystallinity compared to that with high MW and narrow PD. Due to the improved crystallinity, the BHJ-SCs based on P3HT with low MW and broad PD showed performance with a power conversion efficiency of 3.8% with short-circuit currents of -9.90 mA/㎠.