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A Comparative Study on Female Labor Participation in South Korea and Japan
Nobutane Hanayama(하나야마 노부타네),Myung Jin Hwang(황명진) 한국인구학회 2014 한국인구학 Vol.37 No.2
저출산과 고령화 사회를 경험하고 있는 우리나라는 향후 예상되는 노동력의 부족으로 인해 여성의 노동시장의 참여가 과거 어느 때보다 중요한 사회적 이슈이다. 일본의 경우 우리보다 시간적으로 앞서기는 하지만 유사한 시대적 상황에서 여성의 고용시장의 환경 개선에 관심을 가지고 있다. 이러한 배경에서, 본 연구는 한일 양국의 여성고용에 대한 환경적인 변화 요인을 추정하고자 한다. 이를 위해 확장 연령-시기 코홀트 모형(an extended age-period-cohort model)을 이용하여 한국과 일본의 연령과 시기에 따른 여성의 노동참여율 자료를 분석하였다. 연구 결과 제시된 모형이 경험적인 자료와 적합함이 입증되었다. 아울러 1980년대 이후 여성고용이 두 나라에서 유사하게 증가하게 된 경향성을 발견하였다. 분석결과에 따른 여성노동시장의 환경적 개선에 관해서 정책적 제언을 고려하였다. Women’s work force participation rates are alarming when addressing the lack of labor force due to an aging society with a low fertility rate of Korea. Albeit time difference, Japan has also been interested in women"s labor participation under a similar socio-economic situations (such as an increased rate of elder population and exceptionally low fertility rate). And thus it is inevitable and urgent to find out factors to improve the labor market conditions on behalf of female labor forces. In this regard, this study is aimed at projecting the effects associated with the environmental change surrounding South Korean and Japanese females, but using an extended age-period-cohort model. The study found that suggested is fitted to the data on female labor force participation rates given by age and period in South Korea and Japan. The study results also suggest that the environmental changes surrounding females after 1980 indicate almost the same increasing trend for both countries. Additionally, suggestions are made for labor policy policies in regard with the female labor forces.
OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE FOR AN IMPACT ON THE MAIN-BELT ASTEROID (596) SCHEILA
Ishiguro, Masateru,Hanayama, Hidekazu,Hasegawa, Sunao,Sarugaku, Yuki,Watanabe, Jun-ichi,Fujiwara, Hideaki,Terada, Hiroshi,Hsieh, Henry H.,Vaubaillon, Jeremie J.,Kawai, Nobuyuki,Yanagisawa, Kenshi,Kuro IOP Publishing 2011 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.740 No.1
<P>An unexpected outburst was observed around (596) Scheila in 2010 December. We observed (596) Scheila soon after the impact using ground-based telescopes. We succeeded in the detection of a faint linear tail after 2011 February, which provides a clue to determine the dust ejection date. It is found that the dust particles ranging from 0.1-1 mu m to 100 mu m were ejected into the interplanetary space impulsively on December 3.5 +/- 1.0 day. The ejecta mass was estimated to be (1.5-4.9) x 10(8) kg, suggesting that an equivalent mass of a 500-800 m diameter crater was excavated by the event. We also found that the shape of the light curve changed after the impact event probably because fresh material was excavated around the impact site. We conclude that a decameter-sized asteroid collided with (596) Scheila only eight days before the discovery.</P>
INTERPRETATION OF (596) SCHEILA'S TRIPLE DUST TAILS
Ishiguro, Masateru,Hanayama, Hidekazu,Hasegawa, Sunao,Sarugaku, Yuki,Watanabe, Jun-ichi,Fujiwara, Hideaki,Terada, Hiroshi,Hsieh, Henry H.,Vaubaillon, Jeremie J.,Kawai, Nobuyuki,Yanagisawa, Kenshi,Kuro IOP Publishing 2011 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.741 No.1
<P>Strange-looking dust cloud around asteroid (596) Scheila was discovered on 2010 December 11.44-11.47. Unlike normal cometary tails, it consisted of three tails and faded within two months. We constructed a model to reproduce the morphology of the dust cloud based on the laboratory measurement of high-velocity impacts and the dust dynamics. As a result, we succeeded in reproducing the peculiar dust cloud by an impact-driven ejecta plume consisting of an impact cone and downrange plume. Assuming an impact angle of 45 degrees, our model suggests that a decameter-sized asteroid collided with (596) Scheila from the direction of (alpha(im), delta(im)) = (60 degrees, -40 degrees) in J2000 coordinates on 2010 December 3. The maximum ejection velocity of the dust particles exceeded 100 m s(-1). Our results suggest that the surface of (596) Scheila consists of materials with low tensile strength.</P>
Ishiguro, Masateru,Kuroda, Daisuke,Hanayama, Hidekazu,Takahashi, Jun,Hasegawa, Sunao,Sarugaku, Yuki,Watanabe, Makoto,Imai, Masataka,Goda, Shuhei,Akitaya, Hiroshi,Takagi, Yuhei,Morihana, Kumiko,Honda, IOP Publishing 2015 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.798 No.2
<P>We report a new observation of the Jupiter family comet 209P/LINEAR during its 2014 return. The comet is recognized as a dust source of a new meteor shower, the May Camelopardalids. 209P/LINEAR was apparently inactive at a heliocentric distance r(h) = 1.6AU and showed weak activity at r(h) <= 1.4AU. We found an active region of <0.001% of the entire nuclear surface during the comet's dormant phase. An edge-on image suggests that particles up to 1 cm in size (with an uncertainty of factor 3-5) were ejected following a differential power-law size distribution with index q = -3.25 +/- 0.10. We derived a mass-loss rate of 2-10 kg s(-1) during the active phase and a total mass of approximate to 5 x 10(7) kg during the 2014 return. The ejection terminal velocity of millimeter- to centimeter-sized particles was 1-4ms(-1), which is comparable to the escape velocity from the nucleus (1.4ms(-1)). These results imply that such large meteoric particles marginally escaped from the highly dormant comet nucleus via the gas drag force only within a few months of the perihelion passage.</P>
MULTIBAND OPTICAL OBSERVATION OF THE P/2010 A2 DUST TAIL
Kim, Junhan,Ishiguro, Masateru,Hanayama, Hidekazu,Hasegawa, Sunao,Usui, Fumihiko,Yanagisawa, Kenshi,Sarugaku, Yuki,Watanabe, Jun-ichi,Yoshida, Michitoshi IOP Publishing 2012 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.746 No.1
<P>An inner main-belt asteroid, P/2010 A2, was discovered on 2010 January 6. Based on its orbital elements, it is considered that the asteroid belongs to the Flora collisional family, where S-type asteroids are common, while showing a comet-like dust tail. Although analysis of images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope and Rosetta spacecraft suggested that the dust tail resulted from a recent head-on collision between asteroids, an alternative idea of ice sublimation was suggested based on the morphological fitting of ground-based images. Here, we report a multiband observation of P/2010 A2 made on 2010 January with a 105 cm telescope at the Ishigakijima Astronomical Observatory. Three broadband filters, g', R-c, and I-c, were employed for the observation. The unique multiband data reveal that the reflectance spectrum of the P/2010 A2 dust tail resembles that of an Sq-type asteroid or that of ordinary chondrites rather than that of an S-type asteroid. Due to the large error of the measurement, the reflectance spectrum also resembles the spectra of C-type asteroids, even though C-type asteroids are uncommon in the Flora family. The reflectances relative to the g' band (470 nm) are 1.096 +/- 0.046 at the R-c band (650 nm) and 1.131 +/- 0.061 at the I-c band (800 nm). We hypothesize that the parent body of P/2010 A2 was originally S-type but was then shattered upon collision into scattering fresh chondritic particles from the interior, thus forming the dust tail.</P>
2014-2015 MULTIPLE OUTBURSTS OF 15P/FINLAY
Ishiguro, Masateru,Kuroda, Daisuke,Hanayama, Hidekazu,Kwon, Yuna Grace,Kim, Yoonyoung,Lee, Myung Gyoon,Watanabe, Makoto,Akitaya, Hiroshi,Kawabata, Koji,Itoh, Ryosuke,Nakaoka, Tatsuya,Yoshida, Michitos American Astronomical Society 2016 The Astronomical journal Vol.152 No.6
<P>Multiple outbursts of a Jupiter-family comet (JFC), 15P/Finlay, occurred from late 2014 to early 2015. We conducted an observation of the comet after the first outburst and subsequently witnessed another outburst on 2015 January 15.6-15.7. The gas, consisting mostly of C-2 and CN, and dust particles expanded at speeds of 1110 +/- 180 m s(-1) and 570 +/- 40 m s(-1) at a heliocentric distance of 1.0 au. We estimated the maximum ratio of solar radiation pressure with respect to the solar gravity beta(max) = 1.6 +/- 0.2, which is consistent with porous dust particles composed of silicates and organics. We found that 10(8)-10(9) kg of dust particles (assumed to be 0.3 mu m - 1 mm) were ejected through each outburst. Although the total mass is three orders of magnitude smaller than that of the 17P/Holmes event observed in 2007, the kinetic energy per unit mass (10(4) J kg(-1)) is equivalent to the estimated values of 17P/Holmes and 332P/2010 V1 (Ikeya-Murakami), suggesting that the outbursts were caused by a similar physical mechanism. From a survey of cometary outbursts on the basis of voluntary reports, we conjecture that 15P/Finlay-class outbursts occur >1.5 times annually and inject dust particles from JFCs and Encke-type comets into interplanetary space at a rate of similar to 10 kg s(-1) or more.</P>
KISO/KWFC Observation of the Dust Ejecta Associated with the 2007 Outburst of 17P/Holmes
Masateru Ishiguro,Yuki Sarugaku,Daisuke Kuroda,Hidekazu Hanayama,Yoonyoung Kim,Yuna Kwon,Hiroyuki Maehara,Jun Takahashi,Tsuyoshi Terai,Fumihiko Usui,Jeremie J.Vaubaillon,Tomoki Morokuma,Naoto Kobayash 한국천문학회 2015 天文學會報 Vol.40 No.2
Tatsuya Sakurai,Miu Ito,Shinichi Hanayama 한국대기환경학회 2021 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.15 No.1
This study developed a database of emission inventories from ships around Japan using the activity data in the 2015 Japanese fiscal year. The emission of air pollutants from ships was estimated for fuel combustion in main engine, auxiliary engines, and boilers onboard. The ships’ operations for the emission estimation in the exhaust gas consist of ships in navigation, ships at anchor, and fishing boats. For the emission estimation regarding navigation ships, data from Automatic Identification System (AIS) received at the stationary stations on land in Japan were used in this study to calculate the activity. The emission amounts were compared between the sea (Seto Inland Sea (SIS) and Tokyo Bay) and prefectures surrounding those ocean areas. The ship emission ratios in total anthropogenic emissions including the land part reached SO2: 29%, PM: 40%, and NOx: 22% for the SIS area. In Tokyo Bay, the ship emission ratios in total reached SO2: 36%, PM: 28%, and NOx: 13%, and the emission intensities per unit area for SO2 and PM2.5 are approximately three times higher than those in the other regions, respectively. Therefore, the shipping traffic density is relatively higher compared to transportation on land, and the emission is condensed locally. Assuming that the 2020 global sulphur limit switched to a sulphur content of 0.50% m/m, SO2 emissions could be reduced to 24% in SIS and 22% in Tokyo Bay, sulphate emissions could be reduced to 23% in SIS and 21% in Tokyo Bay, and PM emissions could be reduced to 39% in SIS and 36% in Tokyo Bay. Therefore, the 2020 global sulphur limit should reduce the emission from ships around the Japan coastal area and improve the air quality in congested water areas such as SIS and Tokyo Bay.