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Hakeem Hammood Flayyih,Wided Khiari 대한산업공학회 2023 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.22 No.3
The current study is based on previous findings, where corporate governance (CG) significantly increased corporate social responsibility (CSR) to enhance transparency while reducing the tendency of corporate management to engage in earnings management (EM). A sample of 11 Iraqi banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2020 was selected. The CG was included in the board size and board independence apart from the variables of Chief Executive Officer (CEOs) gender, majority shareholder ownership, foreign ownership, and institutional ownership. The CSR in-cluded the wage growth rate, bank contribution growth rate for social security, training programmes, subsidies, envi-ronmental protection, and bank compliance with the law. Specifically, EM practices were revealed from the sample. As bank management was not involved in CSR activities, the significant interaction role of CG was not discovered in the relationship between CSR and EM. An insignificant relationship between CG mechanisms (CGMs) and EM was also demonstrated. Summarily, CSR and CG structures were substandard among underdeveloped countries.
Ali Sabea Hammood,Mojtaba Esmailzadeh,Sayedeh Narjes Hosseini,Saeid Karimi,Irene Calliari,Luca Pezzato,Rob Brittain 한국정밀공학회 2023 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.10 No.2
This study examines the effect of various parameters of friction stir welding (FSW) on 2101 lean duplex stainless steel (LDSS) microstructural features, and corrosion properties in simulated body fluid (SBF) for possible biomedical applications. 2101 LDSS FSW joints were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to investigate changes to crystalline phases. The Corrosion behavior was evaluated in Ringer solution by Tafel potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), as well as by cyclic polarization (CP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. The microstructural observations show that the heat input was not high enough to form a heat affected zone (HAZ), with three separate zones identified around the weld zone. The three identified zones are: stir zone (SZ), thermomechanical affected zone (TMAZ) and base metal (BM). A positive linear correlation between the rotational speed and the corrosion resistance were detected, with the behavior related to the more balanced microstructure or to grain refinement.
Hamada, Mohanad Lateef,Alwan, Ghazwan Saud,Annaz, Abdulkader Ahmed,Irhayyim, Saif Sabah,Hammood, Hashim Shukur Materials Research Society of Korea 2021 한국재료학회지 Vol.31 No.6
Composite materials offer distinct and unique properties that are not naturally inherited in the individual materials that make them. One of the most attractive composites to manufacture is the aluminum alloy matrix composite, because it usually combines easiness of availability, light weight, strength, and other favorable properties. In the current work, Powder Metallurgy Method (PMM) is used to prepare Al2024 matrix composites reinforced with different mixing ratios of yttrium oxide (Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) particles. The tests performed on the composites include physical, mechanical, and tribological, as well as microstructure analysis via optical microscope. The results show that the experimental density slightly decreases while the porosity increases when the reinforcement ratio increases within the selected range of 0 ~ 20 wt%. Besides this, the yield strength, tensile strength, and Vickers hardness increase up to a 10 wt% Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ratio, after which they decline. Moreover, the wear results show that the composite follows the same paradigm for strength and hardness. It is concluded that this composite is ideal for application when higher strength is required from aluminum composites, as well as lighter weight up to certain values of Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ratio.