In vitro Study on the Antimicrobial Activity of Human Tears with Respect to Age

( Muhammad Zahoor ),( Haji Bahadar ),( Muhammad Ayaz ),( Ajmal Khan ),( Muhammad Jalat Shah ) 대한임상검사과학회 2018 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.50 No.2

Lysozyme is present in tears and has the ability to inhibit bacterial growth. In addition, it acts as a physiological scavenger for harmful substances. In the present study, sixteen tear samples from people of different ages were evaluated for their antibacterial spectrum against selected bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica Typhi). A radial diffusion assay was used to evaluate the antibacterial potential of tear samples. To correlate the antibacterial activities of these tear samples, the concentration of lysozyme in the tear samples was also determined. Ampicillin was used as a standard drug. The zone of inhibition (mm) was used to measure the antibacterial property of the tears. All samples showed good antibacterial activities. The tear samples of children showed antibacterial activities in the range of 4.40∼5.00 mm inhibition zones against the selected bacterial strains. The tear samples from the young and adults showed good antibacterial potential with a zone of inhibition in the range of 3.20∼4.00 and 4.00∼5.50 mm, respectively. The tear samples from the old age group showed inhibition zones from 1.50∼5 mm. The adult tear samples showed the maximum inhibition against the selected bacterial strains among all groups. The lysozyme concentration was 1.7 mg/mL, 1.95 mg/mL, 2.13 mg/mL, and 1.76 mg/mL for children, young, adults, and elderly, respectively. In conclusion, the tears from adults have the high inhibition potential. In addition, this data also showed that the lysozyme contents in the tear sample increased with age until 40∼42 years.

In vitro Study on the Antimicrobial Activity of Human Tears with Respect to Age

Zahoor, Muhammad,Bahadar, Haji,Ayaz, Muhammad,Khan, Ajmal,Shah, Muhammad Jalat Korean Society for Clinical Laboratory Science 2018 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.50 No.2

Lysozyme is present in tears and has the ability to inhibit bacterial growth. In addition, it acts as a physiological scavenger for harmful substances. In the present study, sixteen tear samples from people of different ages were evaluated for their antibacterial spectrum against selected bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica Typhi). A radial diffusion assay was used to evaluate the antibacterial potential of tear samples. To correlate the antibacterial activities of these tear samples, the concentration of lysozyme in the tear samples was also determined. Ampicillin was used as a standard drug. The zone of inhibition (mm) was used to measure the antibacterial property of the tears. All samples showed good antibacterial activities. The tear samples of children showed antibacterial activities in the range of 4.40~5.00 mm inhibition zones against the selected bacterial strains. The tear samples from the young and adults showed good antibacterial potential with a zone of inhibition in the range of 3.20~4.00 and 4.00~5.50 mm, respectively. The tear samples from the old age group showed inhibition zones from 1.50~5 mm. The adult tear samples showed the maximum inhibition against the selected bacterial strains among all groups. The lysozyme concentration was 1.7 mg/mL, 1.95 mg/mL, 2.13 mg/mL, and 1.76 mg/mL for children, young, adults, and elderly, respectively. In conclusion, the tears from adults have the high inhibition potential. In addition, this data also showed that the lysozyme contents in the tear sample increased with age until 40~42 years.

The Sensitivity Comparison of Immunodiagnostic Assays for Diagnosing Dengue Fever

( Muhammad Zahoor ),( Haji Bahadar ),( Salah Uddin ),( Sumaira Naz ) 대한임상검사과학회 2016 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.48 No.4

Dengue fever is a vector borne disease caused by a dengue virus. It is an RNA virus of the family flaviviridae, with different serotypes. Herein, we report our attempt to carry out a sensitivity comparison of immunodiagnostic assays for dengue fever in dengue positive patients. Blood samples from 189 volunteers were collected. To determine the sensitivity of the NS1 test, two different types of tests―immunochromatographic tri-line test and rapid dengue test (RDT)―as well as IgM and IgG capture ELISA were performed. The result of RDT has shown that 59.7% of volunteers were IgM positive and 50.2% were IgG positive. Conversely, the results from capture ELISA shows 79.8% and 59.7% for IgM and IgG, respectively. The sensitivity of the capture ELISA test for IgM and IgG was higher than that of immunochromatographic tri-line rapid test, but the specificity was lower. Therefore, to confirm dengue fever, we recommend performing more detailed, investigative tests since a single test may not be sufficient.

Cloning and Functional Characterization of Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase Gene from Metagenomic Library of Vermicompost

Muhammad Yasir,Haji Khan,Syed Sikander Azam,Amar Telke,Seon Won Kim,Young Ryun Chung 한국미생물학회 2013 The journal of microbiology Vol.51 No.3

In the vermicomposting of paper mill sludge, the activity of earthworms is very dependent on dietetic polysaccharides including cellulose as energy sources. Most of these polymers are degraded by the host microbiota and considered potentially important source for cellulolytic enzymes. In the present study, a metagenomic library was constructed from vermicompost (VC) prepared with paper mill sludge and dairy sludge (fresh sludge, FS) and functionally screened for cellulolytic activities. Eighteen cellulase expressing clones were isolated from about 89,000 fosmid clones libraries. A short fragment library was constructed from the most active positive clone (cMGL504) and one open reading frame (ORF) of 1,092 bp encoding an endo-β-1,4-glucanase was indentified which showed 88% similarity with Cellvibrio mixtus cellulase A gene. The endo-β-1,4-glucanase cmgl504 gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant cmgl504 cellulase displayed activities at a broad range of temperature (25–55°C) and pH (5.5–8.5). The enzyme degraded carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with 15.4 U, while having low activity against avicel. No detectable activity was found for xylan and laminarin. The enzyme activity was stimulated by potassium chloride. The deduced protein and three-dimensional structure of metagenomederived cellulase cmgl504 possessed all features, including general architecture, signature motifs, and N-terminal signal peptide, followed by the catalytic domain of cellulase belonging to glycosyl hydrolase family 5 (GHF5). The cellulases cloned in this work may play important roles in the degradation of celluloses in vermicomposting process and could be exploited for industrial application in future.

The Sensitivity Comparison of Immunodiagnostic Assays for Diagnosing Dengue Fever

Zahoor, Muhammad,Bahadar, Haji,Uddin, Salah,Naz, Sumaira Korean Society for Clinical Laboratory Science 2016 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.48 No.4

Dengue fever is a vector borne disease caused by a dengue virus. It is an RNA virus of the family flaviviridae, with different serotypes. Herein, we report our attempt to carry out a sensitivity comparison of immunodiagnostic assays for dengue fever in dengue positive patients. Blood samples from 189 volunteers were collected. To determine the sensitivity of the NS1 test, two different types of tests-immunochromatographic tri-line test and rapid dengue test (RDT)-as well as IgM and IgG capture ELISA were performed. The result of RDT has shown that 59.7% of volunteers were IgM positive and 50.2% were IgG positive. Conversely, the results from capture ELISA shows 79.8% and 59.7% for IgM and IgG, respectively. The sensitivity of the capture ELISA test for IgM and IgG was higher than that of immunochromatographic tri-line rapid test, but the specificity was lower. Therefore, to confirm dengue fever, we recommend performing more detailed, investigative tests since a single test may not be sufficient.

Characterisation and Co-pyrolytic Degradation of the Sawdust and Waste Tyre Blends to Study the Effect of Temperature on the Yield of the Products

( Erna Rashidah Hj Shazali ),( Nurul Afiqah Haji Morni ),( Muhammad Saifullah Abu Bakar ),( Ashfaq Ahmed ),( Abul K Azad ),( Neeranuch Phusunti ),( Young-kwon Park ) 한국공업화학회 2021 공업화학 Vol.32 No.2

The present study aimed to determine the effect of co-pyrolysis of sawdust biomass and scrap tyre waste employing different blending ratios of sawdust to waste tyre such as 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100. The thermochemical characterization of feedstocks was carried out by employing the proximate, ultimate analysis, and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, calorific values, and scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) to select the blending ratio having better bioenergy potential amongst the studied ratios. The blending ratio of 25:75 (sawdust to waste tyre) was selected for the co-pyrolysis study in a fixed-bed pyrolysis reactor system based on its solid biofuels properties such as heating value (30.18 MJ/kg), and carbon (71.81 wt%) and volatile matter (63.82 wt%) contents. The pyrolysis temperatures were varied as 500, 600 and 700 ℃ while the other parameters such as heating rate and nitrogen flowrate were maintained at 30 ℃/min and 0.5 L/min respectively. The bio-oil yields as 31.9, 47.1 and 61.2 wt%, bio-char yields as 34.5, 34.2 and 31.4 wt% and gaseous product yields as 33.6, 18.60 and 7.3 wt% at the pyrolysis temperatures of 500, 600 and 700 ℃ respectively were obtained. The blends of sawdust and waste tyres showed the improved energy characteristics which could provide the solution for the beneficial management of sawdust and scrape tyre wastes via co-pyrolysis processing.

Ultra-trace level voltammetric sensor for MB in human plasma based on a carboxylic derivative of Calix[4]resorcinarene capped silver nanoparticles

Abdul Rehman Umar,Kashif Hussain,Zara Aslam,Muhammad Anwar Ul Haq,Haji Muhammadb,Sirajuddin,Muhammad Raza Shah 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.107 No.-

This work was initiated by synthesizing a carboxylic derivative of Calix[4]resorcinarene through a threestep protocol confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy and Electrosprayionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS). As synthesized derivative, was used as reducing and cappingmaterial for the fabrication of small and stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in aqueous medium underthe combined influence of dilute alkali and heat at 90 C. These nanoparticles were referred as KM20-AgNPs. Techniques used for characterization of AgNPs include UV–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy,Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering(DLS) and zeta potential analyzer (ZPA). The finally produced KM20-AgNPs were recognized as highlysensitive and extremely selective voltammetric sensor for low level detection of methylene blue drugin the linear working range of 1–30 nM with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ)as 0.16 nM and 0.53 nM respectively. The developed sensor was successfully used for sensing of MB inhuman blood plasma.

Ultra-trace level colorimetric composite sensor based on novel DH-1,6-NAPY-8-CN-AgNPs for the detection of Clonazepam in aqueous and human plasma samples

Shujaat Ali,Abdul Rehman Umar,Kashif Hussain,Haji Muhammad,Muddasir Hanif,Mouna Hind Laiche,Sufian Rasheed,Kousar Yasmeen,Abdul Hameed,Muhammad Raza Shah 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.125 No.-

It’s crucial to develop cost-effective, rapid & reliable detection methods of specific analytes through sensorsuseful in the analytical and medicinal chemistry. We report a highly sensitive and selective colorimetricmethod for the detection of clonazepam by the new composite sensor DH-1,6-NAPY-8-CNAgNPscontaining 5-amino-7-(4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)-2,4-bis(4-bromophenyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dihydro-1,6-naphthyridine-8-carbonitrile capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The detection mechanism is basedon the H-bonding interactions between clonazepam and the sensor, that caused the aggregation of NPsthat initiated a sharp color change from yellow to red. The linear relationship between the adjacentabsorbance values (DA) vs. clonazepam concentration (range = 0.05–75 lM) showed a correlation coefficientof 0.9927. The limit of detection (LOD) was 3 nM, that is very significant achievement over theexisting reports. The proposed sensor is highly selective, with no interference from many other possibleinterfering substances. The sensor was successfully applied to the aqueous and human plasma samples,therefore DH-1,6-NAPY-8-CN-AgNPs demonstrated great potential for the on-site and real-time screeningof Clonazepam.