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Griebel, J.J.,Glass, R.S.,Char, K.,Pyun, J. Pergamon Press 2016 Progress in polymer science Vol.58 No.-
<P>Recent developments in the polymerizations of elemental sulfur (S-8) to prepare high sulfur content polymers are reviewed. While the homopolymerization of S-8 via ring-opening processes to prepare high molar mass polymeric sulfur has long been known, this form of polymeric sulfur is chemically unstable and depolymerizes back to S-8. In the current report, we discuss the background into the production of sulfur via petroleum refining and the challenges associated with utilizing S-8 as a chemical reagent for materials synthesis. To circumvent these long standing challenges in working with sulfur, the use of S-8 as a reaction medium and comonomer in a process termed, inverse vulcanization, was developed to prepare chemically stable and processable sulfur copolymers. Furthermore, access to polymeric materials with a very high content of sulfur-sulfur (S-S) bonds enabled for the first time the creation of materials with useful (electro)chemical and optical properties which are reviewed for use in Li-S batteries, IR imaging technology and self-healing materials. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.</P>
Chung, Woo Jin,Simmonds, Adam G.,Griebel, Jared J.,Kim, Eui Tae,Suh, Hyo Seon,Shim, In‐,Bo,Glass, Richard S.,Loy, Douglas A.,Theato, Patrick,Sung, Yung‐,Eun,Char, Kookheon,Pyun, Jeffrey WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 Angewandte Chemie Vol.123 No.48
<P><B><I>Der Einsatz von elementarem Schwefel</I></B> als Reaktionsmedium für die Herstellung von Goldnanopartikeln und vulkanisierten Nanokompositen wird in der Zuschrift von J. Pyun et al. auf Seite 11 611 ff. beschrieben. Flüssiger Schwefel dient in diesem System als Lösungsmittel, Reduktionsmittel und Stabilisator für die Herstellung von Goldkolloiden. Potenziell nutzbarer elementarer Schwefel fällt in riesigen Mengen beim Raffinieren von Erdöl an.</P>
Elemental Sulfur as a Reactive Medium for Gold Nanoparticles and Nanocomposite Materials
Chung, Woo Jin,Simmonds, Adam G.,Griebel, Jared J.,Kim, Eui Tae,Suh, Hyo Seon,Shim, In‐,Bo,Glass, Richard S.,Loy, Douglas A.,Theato, Patrick,Sung, Yung‐,Eun,Char, Kookheon,Pyun, Jeffrey WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 Angewandte Chemie Vol.123 No.48
<P><B>Schwefelgelb:</B> Elementarer Schwefel wird als unkonventionelles Medium für die Synthese und Stabilisierung von kolloidalem Gold genutzt. In diesem System erfüllt Schwefel viele Funktionen, wie die Sulfurierung von PPh<SUB>3</SUB> und die Solubilisierung und Reduktion von Au<SUP>I</SUP>‐Vorstufen zu Au‐Nanopartikeln (NPs; siehe Bild). Die Vulkanisation von Au‐haltigen Schwefeldispersionen erfordert vernetzte Nanokomposite, die mit TEM, XRD, XPS und Raman‐Spektroskopie nachgewiesen wurden.</P>
Oleshko, Vladimir P.,Kim, Jenny,Schaefer, Jennifer L.,Hudson, Steven D.,Soles, Christopher L.,Simmonds, Adam G.,Griebel, Jared J.,Glass, Richard S.,Char, Kookheon,Pyun, Jeffrey Cambridge University Press (Materials Research Soc 2015 MRS Communications Vol.5 No.3
<▼1><B>Abstract</B><P/></▼1><▼2><P>Poly[sulfur-random-1,3-diisopropenylbenzene (DIB)] copolymers synthesized via inverse vulcanization form electrochemically active polymers used as cathodes for high-energy density Li-S batteries, capable of enhanced capacity retention (1005 mAh/g at 100 cycles) and lifetimes of over 500 cycles. In this prospective, we demonstrate how analytical electron microscopy can be employed as a powerful tool to explore the origins of the enhanced capacity retention. We analyze morphological and compositional features when the copolymers, with DIB contents up to 50% by mass, are blended with carbon nanoparticles. Replacing the elemental sulfur with the copolymers improves the compatibility and interfacial contact between active sulfur compounds and conductive carbons. There also appears to be improvements of the cathode mechanical stability that leads to less cracking but preserving porosity. This compatibilization scheme through stabilized organosulfur copolymers represents an alternative strategy to the nanoscale encapsulation schemes which are often used to improve the cycle life in high-energy density Li-S batteries.</P></▼2>