Estimation of Optimum Tug Capacity for VLCC and Its Application to VLCC Terminal in Gwang-Yang Harbor

In-Young GONG,Chang-Min LEE,Chan-Su YANG,Han-Jin LEE 한국항해항만학회 2004 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.5 No.-

The total tug capacity needed for berthing/de-berthing operations of a ship may vary depending on the ship type, size, loading conditions, and environmental circumstances. Traditionally, total tug capacity is determined based on the local guidelines of port authorities or on the rule of thumb. However, the social demands for the enhancement of ship safety at harbor and the economical demands for the cost-effectiveness of tug usage makes it necessary for port authorities to develop more reasonable and detailed guidelines on tug usage which takes various conditions into account. In this paper, the method to estimate the optimum tug capacity of VLCC is suggested by considering various ship conditions such as its size, loading conditions, and environmental circumstances such as wind, wave, tidal currents, and geographical characteristics of a terminal. This method is applied to a VLCC terminal located in Gwang-Yang Harbor of Korea and the results are compared with the local guidelines of the harbor, which shows that there may be a room for the amendment of local guidelines on tug usage.

Estimation of Optimum Tug Capacity for VLCC and Its Application to VLCC Terminal in Gwang-Yang Harbor

In-Young Gong,Chang-Min Lee,Chan-Su Yang,Han-Jin Lee 한국항해항만학회 2004 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.28 No.7

The total tug capacity needed for berthing/unberthing operations of a ship may vary depending on the ship’s type, size, loading conditions, and environmental circumstances. Traditionally, total tug capacity is determined based on the local guidelines of port authorities or on the rule of thumb. However, the social demands for the enhancement of ship safety at harbor and the economical demands for the cost-effectiveness of tug usage makes it necessary for port authorities to develop more reasonable and detailed guidelines on tug usage which takes various conditions into account. In this paper, the method to estimate the optimum tug capacity of VLCC is suggested by considering various ship conditions such as its size, loading conditions, and environmental circumstances including wind, wave, tidal currents, and geographical characteristics of a terminal. This method is applied to the VLCC terminal located in Gwang-Yang harbor of Korea and the results are compared with the local guidelines of the harbor, which shows that there may be a room for the amendment of local guidelines on tug usage.

Estimation of Optimum Tug Capacity for VLCC and Its Application to VLCC Terminal in Gwang-Yang Harbor

Gong, In-Young,Lee, Chang-Min,Yang, Chan-Su,Lee, Han-Jin Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research 2004 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.28 No.7

The total tug capacity needed for berthing/unberthing operations of a ship may vary depending on the ship's type, size, loading conditions, and environmental circumstances. Traditionally, total tug capacity is determined based on the local guidelines of port authorities or on the rule of thumb. However, the social demands for the enhancement of ship safety at harbor and the economical demands for the cost-effectiveness of tug usage makes it necessary for port authorities to develop more reasonable and detailed guidelines on tug usage which takes various conditions into account. In this paper, the method to estimate the optimum tug capacity of VLCC is suggested by considering various ship conditions such as its size, loading conditions, and environmental circumstances including wind, wave, tidal currents, and geographical characteristics of a terminal. This method is applied to the VLCC terminal located in Gwang-Yang harbor of Korea and the results are compared with the local guidelines of the harbor, which shows that there may be a room for the amendment of local guidelines on tug usage.

韓國寺刹의 造景計劃에 關한 硏究 : Ⅰ. 華嚴道場의 造景計劃 Ⅰ. An Avatamska Buddhist Seminary Landscape

楊水龍,사공영보 진주산업대학교 1984 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

When the ancient temples of Korea were built, the arrangement of building, stylobate, etc. the Gidan of them had been emphasized in the good order hierachy, but the most of the recent built temples has been arranged the spaces without considering the good order of hierachy and buddhist doctrine. So this kind of study became necessity to purify and recover the orignal function for the trainning places of Buddhism. This study was carried out to suggest the way and the principles what construction of temples will be created the Buddha's mercy for the buddhist and the common people with the help of organizing the spaces. and buildings based on the Budhist comology of life especially adaptation of three types of world(the world of desires, the sexual world and the unsexual world) and the results were summarized as follows; 1. Selecting the location for building the temple The location for building the temples is selected in the center of hillock axis, where hillock is placed in the nice view from forest and river. When the places are sel ected, the comprehensive thought both Pungsuziri theory and supernatural thought which has been effected from ancient religion of Korea like the mountain god or shaman and buddhist culture which has been introduces from China are considered. 2. The function of temple The temple, the holy place of religious austerties, has the following functions; 1) Polemic function of buddhist 2) Function of religious ceremony 3) accomplishing function of meditation 4) Living function 5) Function of religious affairs 6) Entering function 7) Function of production(Vegetable garden and orchard) 8) Function of enviromental conservation 9) Function buddhist sermon and buddhist education etc. 3. The arrangement and the order of hierachy of building and the space organization; The temple is organized based on the system of one pagoda­three main temples­two halles in both side, the landuse and circulation system is planed according to the function. 1) After the main temple (Dae Woong Jeon) is constructed, the other buildings are done. the height of pallar and stylobate of the main temple is done with 424.2㎝ and 120㎝. The area of the main temple is 9 gan by 4 gen or 5 gen by 4gan. 2) The height of the other buildings' pallar is 10ja (303㎝) or 12ja (363.6㎝). The height of Myungbu jeon's stylobate is 2ja(60㎝) and the area of the other buildings is 5Gan by 3Gan. 3) The height of Gak's paller and stylobate is 6Ja (191.8㎝) and 2Ja (30㎝) and the area of Gak is 1 or 2Gan by 1Gan. 4) The height of two halls'; meditation hall and monk's living hall, is 9Ja (272.7㎝) and 8Ja(242.4㎝) and the height of stylobate is 2Ja (60㎝). The area of halls is decided with width of 2Gan into and with length according to the number of monks is accomodated. 5) The hight of training hall for both buddhists and monks and stylobate is 272.7㎝ and 60㎝. The area of this hall is decided with 7 or 9Gan into 3Gan. [The Space Organization] The space is balanced according to the hill axis using the number 3 and 6 some from 3 worlds and 6 Deva, based on the Dori Deva the space of Pagoda is distributed into Moo Saek world, the space from Cheon Wang Gate to Buligate is symbolized into Saek world, and the space of Gyeong Ip is symbolized into Yock world. This again divided into 6 each of 6 Yock Cheon is divided into same ratio (half of 18 Gan or 27 Gan which is symbolic of 18 Cheon Sack world). The length between Iℓjoo gate and San gate is 8 time of 18Gan or 27Gan which is symbolic of 8 Yeom, 8Gak, 8 Dae Ji Ock etc. The space is distributed into the space block and the space plot. 4. The system and patten of circulation; The circulation system is organized branch type, and the pattern is made into square ring type, T­grid type and U type. 5. The distribution and symbol of landscaping facilitiese ① The stairs in front of Dae Woong Jeon are devided into 3­middle stairs, the stairs out side of the middle stairs or the plain. The stairs of 5 enterence gate is made in the center of the building's but the stairs of other Jen Gak is made in the center and in the side Jen Gak. The other building's stairs is made also in the side of stereobate's facade, base on the formula of 2a th=60∼65㎝. ② The pagoda is made is the center of meditation space. The length of stylobate is 4Ja(1.2m) that symbolized the 4 Deva of Moo Saek world. Bong Bal pagoda is built in front of Yong wha temple. ③ The stone lantern is stalled in suitable place likein in the front of the center pagoda and beside of road. Pal­Hae­Gong Deak pond is made in front of square island and beside of stone bridge which is in front of Il Ju Moon and a bright future of paramita is created. ④ Gong Deak lotus pond and Bang Wha pond is built according to the supposed plan map's Ryong pond is built in Yeang San temple. When it's impole to build the Gong Deak lotus pond in front of Il­Ju gate, pond and rainbow bridge is built in the stream. In the cardinal points of Gong Deok lotus pond, 8 square stone bench is arranged in each place, and symbolized 32 Cheon, Beside the square stone bench. a censer type wastebasket is arranged. This stone benches and the wastebaskets are also placed around parking place and outside of domitory. ⑤ This paved road with stone and stepping stone is arranged on the road of main axis and sub axis according to the development of the economic situation. ⑥ Pal­JungDo stone is arranged in front of Zoabul statue of square island and in the center of the stair of Jung Roo gate. Dan Gan stone pillar is arranged on the right and left side Dae Woong Zen and Jung Roo gate. Chalgan stone pillar is arranged in front rainbow bridge of Gong Duk lotus pond. When the pond is not built, this is arranged in between Il Ju gate and the space of Buddo Bee Moon. Wean Pyo stone pillar is built with the purpose of advertizement board near and in front of Il Ju Gate. Steps stone, Cake stone, cistern etc. is arranged in necessary places. 6. Planting plan and selection of plants In planting plan in temple symmetry planting pair planting , row planting, solitary planting, Group planting is employed according to the plan map. The plants related with Buddha's idealogy and historic tradition are as follows; Those are Gink gobiliba, Abies holophylla, Zelkova serrata, Tilia sp, Juniperus Chinensis, Pinus Koraiensis, Pinus Pumila, Pinus Thunbergii, Camellia japonica, Lagerstroemia indic, Prunus Mume, Juglans mandshurica, Sophora japonica, Celtis sinensis, Pinus Bungeana, Betula Platypyhylla var, japnica, Quwecus sp, llex cornuta, Euonymus japonica, Magnolia denudata, bamboo, Castanea sp, Zyphus jujuba M. var. inermis, Vitis sp, Diospyros Koki, Shrubby Althaea, Taxus cuspidala, Taxus cuspidata var. nana, Paulownia, coreana, Buxus sp, Rhododendron schlippenbachoo, Campsic grandiflra, Paeonia suffruticoca, Paeonia albiflora, Chaenomeles lagenaria, Hosta plantaginea var. japonica, Chrysanthemum sp., Phlox paniculata, Belamcanda chinensis, Hollyhock, Nelumbo nucifera, lris ensata var. hortensis, Lycoris radiata, Lycoris squamigera, Lilium sp, Musa basjoo, Salvia splendens, Cymbidium virescens, etc. Finally the way and the principle of temple garden design is sujested that Deva San soo poong or Deva Jung do Lim chun poong are adaptated base on sacred place and immaculacy meditation created from Buddha's mercy.

Vector Control of Stator-Permanent Magnet Memory Machine Based on Three Magnetization State Manipulations

Gong-De Yang,Ming-Yao Lin,Nian Li,Li Hao 대한전기학회 2019 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.14 No.1

Owing to the estimated permanent magnet (PM) flux linkage fluctuation, the stator-PM memory machine employing the continuous magnetization state (MS) manipulation may suffer from frequent MS manipulations and the accidental inverter damage in its extended speed range. In order to deal with this issue, in this paper, a novel vector control based on three MS manipulations is proposed and implemented on the existing hybrid PM axial field flux-switching memory machine. After a brief analysis of the researched machine configuration, the principle of the three MS manipulations, the remedial sliding mode speed regulator and the current distribution strategy are discussed. The simulated results show that the proposed scheme reduces the speed and electromagnetic torque overshoot and improves the dynamic performance. Meanwhile, compared with the flux-weakening control, the wide speed range can be obtained. Finally, the experiment is carried out to verify the validity of the theory.

Dynamics analysis of novel parallel manipulator with one central rotational actuator and four translational actuators

Yang Lu,Yi Lu,Yang Liu,Bo Hu,Yufeng Gong 대한기계학회 2019 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.33 No.6

A dynamics analysis of a novel parallel manipulator with one central rotational actuator and four translational actuators is conducted. A 3D model of the parallel manipulator is constructed and its characteristics and DoF are analyzed. The kinematics formulae are derived for solving the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the moving links. The dynamics formulae are derived for solving the inertial wrench of the moving links, the dynamic active forces along the active limbs, the dynamic active torque applied on a central active leg, and the dynamic constrained force exerted on the central active leg. A theoretical numerical example is given to solve the kinematics and dynamics solutions, and the theoretical solutions are verified by the simulation mechanism in Matlab. Finally, a reachable workspace of the novel parallel manipulator is constructed using CAD variation geometry.

Benzochloroporphyrin Derivative Induced Cytotoxicity and Inhibition of Tumor Recurrence During Photodynamic Therapy for Osteosarcoma

Gong, Hai-Yang,Sun, Meng-Xiong,Hu, Shuo,Tao, Ying-Ying,Gao, Bo,Li, Guo-Dong,Cai, Zheng-Dong,Yao, Jian-Zhong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.5

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment modality that uses dye-sensitized photooxidation of biologic matter in target tissue. This study explored effects of the photosensitizer BCPD-17 during PDT for osteosarcoma. LM-8 osteosarcoma cells were treated with BCPD-17 and cell viability after laser irradiation was assessed in vitro with the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The effects of BCPD-17 during PDT recurrence were then examined on tumor-bearing mice in vivo. BCPD-17 had dosedependent cytotoxic effects on LM-8 osteosarcoma cells after laser irradiation which also had energy-dependent effects on the cells. The rate of local recurrence was reduced when marginal resection of mice tumors was followed by BCPD-17-mediated PDT. Our results indicated BCPD-17-mediated PDT in combination with marginal resection of tumors is a potentially new effective treatment for osteosarcoma.

Comparative Study of Flux Regulation Methods for Hybrid Permanent Magnet Axial Field Flux-switching Memory Machines

Gong-De Yang,Xinghe Fu,Mingyao Lin,Nian Li,Hao Liu 전력전자학회 2019 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.19 No.1

This research comparatively studies three kinds of flux regulation methods, namely, stored capacitor discharge pulse (SCDP),constant current source pulse (CCSP), and quantitative flux regulation pulse (QFRP), which are used for hybrid permanentmagnet (PM) axial field flux-switching memory machines (HPM-AFFSMMs). Through an analysis of the operation principleand the series hybrid PM flux regulation mechanism of the objective machine, the circuit topologies and flux regulation processof these flux regulation methods are addressed in detail. On the basis of a simulation, the flux regulation characteristics of theresearched machine during the magnetization and demagnetization processes are comparatively evaluated. Then, machineperformance, including back EMF, direct and quadrature axis inductances, and magnetization and demagnetizationcharacteristics, is quantitatively investigated. Results show that the QFRP enables the HPM-AFFSMM to achieve a lessharmonic component of back EMF by approximately 7.28% and 7.97% at the magnetization and demagnetization states,respectively, and a more complete magnetization process than the SCDP and CCSP.

Identification and Association of SNPs in TBC1D1 Gene with Growth Traits in Two Rabbit Breeds

Yang, Zhi-Juan,Fu, Lu,Zhang, Gong-Wei,Yang, Yu,Chen, Shi-Yi,Wang, Jie,Lai, Song-Jia Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.11

The TBC1D1 plays a key role in body energy homeostasis by regulating the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. The present study aimed to identify the association between genetic polymorphisms of TBC1D1 and body weight (BW) in rabbits. Among the total of 12 SNPs detected in all 20 exons, only one SNP was non-synonymous (c.214G>A. p.G72R) located in exon 1. c.214G>A was subsequently genotyped among 491 individuals from two rabbit breeds by the high-resolution melting method. Allele A was the predominant allele with frequencies of 0.7780 and 0.6678 in European white rabbit (EWR, n = 205) and New Zealand White rabbit (NZW, n = 286), respectively. The moderate polymorphism information content (0.25<PIC<0.50) was present in both breeds. The association analysis revealed that genotypes GA and AA had higher 35 d body weight (BW) than genotype GG in both EWR (p<0.01) and NEW (p<0.05). For the 56 d BW and 70 d BW traits, genotypes AA and GA were higher than genotype GG in both two breeds, the difference was not significant (p>0.05). Our results implied that the c.214G>A of TBC1D1 gene might be one of the candidate loci affecting the trait of 35 d BW in the rabbit.

Ablation resistance under different heat fluxes of HfC‑ZrC‑SiC multiphase coating prepared by supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying for C/C composites

Yang Yang,Chun Zhao,Qiaojuan Gong,Jie Wang 한국세라믹학회 2020 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.57 No.2

To prevent the ablation of C/C composites, an HfC-ZrC-SiC multiphase coating was prepared by supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying. The morphology and microstructure of the coating were examined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The as-prepared coating showed a compact structure with a few defects. The ablation resistance test of the coatings was carried out using an oxyacetylene torch under different heat fluxes. The samples ablated under different heat fluxes showed different ablation properties and ablation morphologies. During the ablation, the thickness and weight of the coating decreased with an increase in the heat flux from 2.38 to 4.18 MW/m2. Under the heat flux of 2.38 MW/m2, the coating remained intact because of its low surface temperature and the pinning effect of the newly formed HfSiO4 and ZrSiO4 phases. With an increase in the heat flux, the surface temperature increased beyond the melting point of HfO2 and ZrO2 and the coating suffered a violent flush of the oxyacetylene torch, which resulted in severe evaporation of the oxides and the weakening of the pinning effect.