Selection index and stability analysis for malting barley variety release in Ethiopia

Girma F. Dinsa,Endashaw Tadesse,Hiwot Sebsibe,Kassahun Tadesse 한국작물학회 2022 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.25 No.3

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the major strategic crops in Ethiopia. Average yield is low due to low-yielding varieties, biotic and abiotic constraints. Farmers are concerned with quantity while the malting industries need to ensure quality. There has been a general belief by the industry that two-row barleys are better than the six-row types in terms of quality but farmers are inclined to six-rows for higher yield. Evaluation was performed to identify a variety with desirable yield and quality standards. Single-trait selection for yield or quality traits has so far been the breeders’ target with less emphasis on multiple traits’ selection. The current research aims to identify a high-yielding variety with acceptable quality based on multiple selection criteria. Analysis of variance showed higher location variance for yield with no interaction efect. Stability analysis exhibited signifcant interaction efect for malt extract and protein content. Two genotypes MOATA and IBON-HI68 were identifed with stable malt extract and protein content. ‘MOATA’ has been released with a higher mean yield (5.1 t/ha), lower protein (10.2%) and beta glucan (2.5%) contents, higher friability (73%) and malt extract (81.3%) while IBON-HI68 has been maintained as a parent material for future crossing program. MOATA is less susceptible to shoot fy damage (22%), scald and net blotch (44%). Its peculiar compact spike and dropping awns imply quality merits. In conclusion, multiple traits selection index has proved successful in identifying the frst six-row malting barley variety in Ethiopia.

Applying Data Mining Techniques to Predict Conducive Areas for Agricultural Activities to Support Investment Promotion in Ethiopia

Girma Debele(길마 데빌리),Jong-Hyeok Lee(이종혁),Million Meshesha(밀리언 메샤샤) 한국정보과학회 2014 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2014 No.6

Spatial analysis of landscape rehabilitation in degraded land along topographic variabilities in the Kiliso sub-watershed, Southern Ethiopia

Girma Firehiywet 한국산림과학회 2023 Forest Science And Technology Vol.19 No.2

In Ethiopia, particularly in Southern Oromia and Eastern Halaba, land degradation is a common challenge for the pastoral community and farmers. As a result, the sub-watershed has closed for the past five years. However, little is known about the effects of topography on the rehabili- tation of various land uses and land covers (LULCs). This study determined how the main topo- graphic variables affect the rate of rehabilitation. Sentinel-2 images were used to quantify land use and land cover for the years 2017 and 2021. The aspect, altitude, and slope were calcu- lated using the SRTM of 1 Arc-Second Global. The Maximum Likelihood classifier algorithm was used for supervised image classification. Changes in LULCs were analyzed using the post-classi- fication technique. The LULC maps were overlaid with the topographic variabilities. The topo- graphic variability’s influences were clearly observed on the rehabilitation rate of area enclosure. In the slope class of 0 to 5%, agriculture is the dominant cover. The bushland was largely detected in the slope classes of 0 to 10 in 2017. Agriculture and barren land were influ- encedasaltitudeandslopeincreased.Forestandbushlandwerefoundtobehighlyrestored at an altitude of 1841 to 1880, an aspect of the south, and slope classes of 0 to 5 percent.

Computational assessment of blockage and wind simulator proximity effects for a new full-scale testing facility

Girma T. Bitsuamlak,Agerneh Dagnew,Arindam Gan Chowdhury 한국풍공학회 2010 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.13 No.1

A new full scale testing apparatus generically named the Wall of Wind (WoW) has been built by the researchers at the International Hurricane Research Center (IHRC) at Florida International University (FIU). WoW is capable of testing single story building models subjected up to category 3 hurricane wind speeds. Depending on the relative model and WoW wind field sizes, testing may entail blockage issues. In addition, the proximity of the test building to the wind simulator may also affect the aerodynamic data. This study focuses on the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) assessment of the effects on the quality of the aerodynamic data of (i) blockage due to model buildings of various sizes and (ii) wind simulator proximity for various distances between the wind simulator and the test building. The test buildings were assumed to have simple parallelepiped shapes. The computer simulations were performed under both finite WoW wind-field conditions and in an extended Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) wind flow. Mean pressure coefficients for the roof and the windward and leeward walls served as measures of the blockage and wind simulator proximity effects. The study uses the commercial software FLUENT with Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations and a Renormalization Group (RNG) k-? turbulence model. The results indicated that for larger size test specimens (i.e. for cases where the height of test specimen is larger than one third of the wind field height) blockage correction may become necessary. The test specimen should also be placed at a distance greater than twice the height of the test specimen from the fans to reduce proximity effect.

마이크로 금융과 에티오피아 여성의 경제적 임파워먼트: 아디스신용저축기관(ADCSI)의 사례를 중심으로

( Banchayehu Girma ),양윤정 ( Yun Jeong Yang ) 한국세계지역학회 2013 世界地域硏究論叢 Vol.31 No.2

마이크로 금융(microfinancing)은 일반 금융서비스에서 제외되는 빈민층, 특히 여성을 대상으로 소액 대출, 저축, 보험 등의 다양한 금융 서비스를 제공함으로써 이들의 자활 및 삶의 향상을 도모하는 것을 주 목적으로 한다. 최빈국 중의 하나인 에티오피아 여성들 역시 빈곤, 실업, 교육과 금융 서비스에의 (남성에 비해) 낮은 접근성 등의 문제를 공유하는 한편, 마이크로 금융의 실질적인 성과에 관한 연구는 그리 많지 않다. 본 연구의 목적은 마이크로 금융 서비스가 에티오피아 여성 (경제적) 임파워먼트(empowerment)에 기여하는 정도를 파악하여 그 영향력을 가늠해 보고, 나아가 보다 효과적인 (특히 여성 임파워먼트를 위한) 금융 서비스 제공을 위한 제언을 하고자 함이다. 본 연구는 에티오피아의 수도인 아디스 아바바 (Addis Ababa)에 위치하면서 수도 및 근접 지역에서 빈곤층을 대상으로 마이크로 금융 서비스를 제공하는 아디스 신용저축기관 (ADCSI) 여성 이용자 중 178명을 대상으로 실시한 설문조사에 기반하며, 현지 조사원을 이용하여 지난 2013년 3∼4월에 걸쳐 수행된 설문조사 내용에는 대출금 사용처, 대출 후 소득 변화, 가계 수입금 사용 및 자산 소유 등에 있어서의 가내 의사결정에의 변화 등에 관한 질문이 포함되어 있다. 본 설문조사 결과, 마이크로 금융 소비자 여성들은 대출금을 (남편의 것이 아닌) 본인의 소규모 창업 또는 사업 확대 등에 대부분 사용했으며, 이는 가계 내 수입 규모의 증가와 더불어, 수입금 지출 등에 관한 가내 의사결정에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로는, 여성 본인이 제어할 수 있는 수입의 발생으로 인해 남편(혹은 미혼인 경우 부모)에의 금융 의존도가 확연히 감소되는 한편, 주로 차후의 사업규모 확대를 위한 저축은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 대출 및 저축, 부동산에 관한 의사 결정권에서는 별다른 변화가 포착되지 않았다. Microfinance provides small financial services, such as credits, savings and insurance services to the poor, especially to women. Ethiopian women, like many other women in developing countries, are suffering from poverty, unemployment, lower access to education and financial services, as well as a higher workload with lower payment than their male counterparts. The main aim of this research is to investigate the effects of microfinance on the economic empowerment of women in Ethiopia. Taking the case of Addis Credit and Saving Institution (ADCSI), located in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, this study is based on a survey with 178 women using microfinance services from the institution. We asked female clients of ADCSI a series of question about their use of loans, income changes, decision-making on income utilization and other asset ownership, contribution to household expenditure, and control over household income and assets. The findings of the study are in line with some of earlier studies emphasizing more positive aspects of microfinancing for women`s empowerment: it does appear to contribute to women`s economic empowerment by helping them to start and expand their businesses. Most of the clients were using the loans for running their own businesses, which helped them to generate income and decreased their dependency on their husbands or parents. Furthermore, saving habits improved as well as decision-making on various in-house financial issues. In addition, those who took loans more than once even recorded remarkable improvement in both income and real estate ownership. From this point, we can understand that the long-term use of microfinance may bring higher benefits. On the other hand, decision-making on loans, savings, and real estate did not show any particular changes.

Mining of Gene-Based SNPs from Publicly Available ESTs and Their Conversion to Cost-Effective Genotyping Assay in Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

Yemane Girma,Dadakhalandar Doddamani,Rajkumar,Sadik Ahmed Wasik Ahmed,Sheweta Gujar,Suvarna Patil,Gurusiddesh Hiremath,Bashasab Fakrudin 한국작물학회 2014 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.17 No.3

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are the commonest type of nucleotide variation distributed throughout thegenome and have enormous potential to saturate genetic maps. However, their identification is constrained by the huge investmentrequired for their detection. In this study, we used publicly available EST (Expressed Sequence Tag) sequences to identifySNPs in Sorghum bicolor. A total of 12,421 putative SNPs were identified from 2,921 contiguous transcripts leading to anaverage SNP interval of one putative SNP for every 275.26 bp. The proportion of transition type mutations (0.598) was largerthan transversion types conforming to biological expectations. In order to demonstrate the utility of the SNPs for developmentof markers with relatively cheap assays, we experimentally validated SNPs using Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism(SSCP) technique in sorghum accessions, which are used as parents for development mapping populations. Genotyping theseparents of mapping populations with SSCP markers showed up to 33% polymorphism in the markers suggesting that the SNPscan be used as potential resource for S. bicolor crop improvement programs

Computational assessment of blockage and wind simulator proximity effects for a new full-scale testing facility

Bitsuamlak, Girma T.,Dagnew, Agerneh,Chowdhury, Arindam Gan Techno-Press 2010 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.13 No.1

A new full scale testing apparatus generically named the Wall of Wind (WoW) has been built by the researchers at the International Hurricane Research Center (IHRC) at Florida International University (FIU). WoW is capable of testing single story building models subjected up to category 3 hurricane wind speeds. Depending on the relative model and WoW wind field sizes, testing may entail blockage issues. In addition, the proximity of the test building to the wind simulator may also affect the aerodynamic data. This study focuses on the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) assessment of the effects on the quality of the aerodynamic data of (i) blockage due to model buildings of various sizes and (ii) wind simulator proximity for various distances between the wind simulator and the test building. The test buildings were assumed to have simple parallelepiped shapes. The computer simulations were performed under both finite WoW wind-field conditions and in an extended Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) wind flow. Mean pressure coefficients for the roof and the windward and leeward walls served as measures of the blockage and wind simulator proximity effects. The study uses the commercial software FLUENT with Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes equations and a Renormalization Group (RNG) k-${\varepsilon}$ turbulence model. The results indicated that for larger size test specimens (i.e. for cases where the height of test specimen is larger than one third of the wind field height) blockage correction may become necessary. The test specimen should also be placed at a distance greater than twice the height of the test specimen from the fans to reduce proximity effect.

Variation of apparent viscosity of silicone oils in microchannels depending on materials

MEKIDELAWIT GIRMA,MIKYUNG LIM,SEUNG SEOB LEE,HYOUNGSOO KIM 대한기계학회 2020 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2020 No.12

We compare two different approaches to study the effect of microchannel materials on the apparent viscosity of silicone oils and glycerol-water solutions. One is measuring the pressure drop to compute theoretical apparent viscosity of the test liquids in PDMS, glass and steel microchannels. The other is direct measurement of the apparent viscosity on different materials using rheometer. In both experiments, we found that, the apparent viscosity of silicone oils on PDMS channels is higher than glass and steel channels by 9.1%. Whereas the apparent viscosity of glycerolwater mixture, shows a variation of 3.2% on PDMS channels compare to other material. The results suggest that the apparent viscosity of liquids like silicone oils can be affected by channel materials.

Critical Factors Affecting No-dispute Performance: A Case of Ethiopian Public Construction Projects

Sinesilassie, Ephrem Girma,Tabish, Syed Zafar Shahid,Jha, Kumar Neeraj Korea Institute of Construction Engineering and Ma 2016 Journal of construction engineering and project ma Vol.6 No.4

Disputes seem to be synonymous with large-scale construction projects in Ethiopia. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors responsible for impacting the performance of Ethiopian public construction projects. To this end, 35 success and failure attributes responsible for impacting the performance of the projects were identified and presented to Ethiopian construction professionals in the form of a structured questionnaire, and responses were collected. The factor analysis conducted on the success and failure attributes influencing no-dispute performance separately resulted in six success factors and five failure factors. Further analysis using stepwise multiple regression indicates that owner competence and interaction among project participants have a positive impact on no-dispute performance. However, conflict among project participants has a negative impact on the no-dispute performance of Ethiopian public construction projects. Although Ethiopia-specific, the results reflect construction management problems common to both developed and developing countries. The findings are expected to help researchers and practitioners gain a better understanding of critical success and failure factors and to help them take proactive measures to avoid disputes in public construction projects.

Topographic effects on tornado-like vortex

Zoheb Nasir,Girma T. Bitsuamlak 한국풍공학회 2018 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.27 No.2

The effects of steep and shallow hills on a stationary tornado-like vortex with a swirl ratio of 0.4 are simulated and quantified as Fractional Speed Up Ratios (FSUR) at three different locations of the vortex with respect to the crests of the hills. Steady state Reynolds Averaged Naiver Stokes (RANS) equations closed using Reynolds Stress Turbulence model are used to simulate stationary tornadoes. The tornado wind field obtained from the numerical simulations is first validated with previous experimental and numerical studies by comparing radial and tangential velocities, and ground static pressure. A modified fractional speed-up ratio (FSUR) evaluation technique, appropriate to the complexity of the tornadic flow, is then developed. The effects of the hill on the radial, tangential and vertical flow components are assessed. It is observed that the effect of the hill on the radial and vertical component of the flow is more pronounced, compared to the tangential component. Besides, the presence of the hill is also seen to relocate the center of tornadic flow. New FSUR values are produced for shallow and steep hills.