Anti-diabetic Potential of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized with Argyreia nervosa Leaf Extract High Synergistic Antibacterial Activity with Standard Antibiotics Against Foodborne Bacteria

Saratale, Ganesh Dattatraya,Saratale, Rijuta Ganesh,Benelli, Giovanni,Kumar, Gopalakrishnan,Pugazhendhi, Arivalagan,Kim, Dong-Su,Shin, Han-Seung Springer-Verlag 2017 Journal of cluster science Vol.28 No.3

<P>The current investigation highlighted a novel cost-effective green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Argyreia nervosa leaves extract (ANE) as a potential reducing and capping agent. Surface plasmon resonance confirmed the formation of AgNPs with maximum absorbance at lambda (max) = 435 nm. FTIR revealed the involvement of biological macromolecules of ANE in the synthesis and stabilization of AgNPs. HRTEM images showed that the size of the spherical AgNPs ranged between 5 and 40 nm with average particle size of about 15 nm. The ANE-AgNPs showed inhibition activity against carbohydrate digestive enzymes alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, with EC50 of 55.5 and 51.7 A mu g/mL, respectively, indicating its antidiabetic potential. The in vitro antioxidant activity of ANE-AgNPs was evaluated in terms of ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radicals scavenging assays with IC50 value of 44.3 and 55.9 A mu g/mL, respectively. The AgNPs displayed strong antibacterial activity against foodborne bacteria with zone of inhibition 16.0 and 12.5 mm for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, and also exhibited strong synergistic antibacterial activity together with standard antibiotics. The biological activity in terms of antioxidant, antidiabetic and antibacterial potential could be useful in various bio-applications such as cosmetics, food, and biomedical industry.</P>

Screening and optimization of pretreatments in the preparation of sugarcane bagasse feedstock for biohydrogen production and process optimization

Saratale, Ganesh Dattatray,Saratale, Rijuta Ganesh,Kim, Sang Hyoun,Kumar, Gopalakrishnan Elsevier 2018 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.43 No.25

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This work evaluated the effects of individual alkaline, sodium carbonate (Na<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> denoted as; NaC), sodium sulfide (Na<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB> denoted as; NaS) and combination of NaC + NaS pretreatment for the saccharification of sugarcane bagasse (SCB). The effects of different pretreatments on chemical composition and structural complexity of SCB in relation with its saccharification were investigated. For enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated SCB we have utilized the produced crude enzymes by <I>Streptomyces</I> sp. MDS to make the process more cost effective. A enzyme dose of 30 filter paperase (FPU) produced a maximum reducing sugar (RS) 592 mg/g with 80.2% hydrolysis yield from NaC + NaS pretreated SCB under optimized conditions. The resulted enzymatic hydrolysates of each pretreated SCB were applied for hydrogen production using <I>Clostridium beijerinckii</I> KCTC1785. NaC + NaS pretreated SCB hydrolysates exhibited maximum H<SUB>2</SUB> production relative to other pretreatment methods. Effects of temperature, initial pH of culture media and increasing NaC + NaS pretreated SCB enzymatic hydrolysates concentration (2.5–15 g/L) on bioH<SUB>2</SUB> production were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the cumulative H<SUB>2</SUB> production, H<SUB>2</SUB> production rate, and H<SUB>2</SUB> yield were 1485 mL/L, 61.87 mL/L/h and 1.24 mmol H<SUB>2</SUB>/mol of RS (0.733 mmol H<SUB>2</SUB>/g of SCB), respectively. The efficient conversion of the SCB hydrolysate to H<SUB>2</SUB> without detoxification proves the viability of process for cost-effective hydrogen production.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Pretreatments of alkaline, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfide and combination demonstrated for sugarcane baggase. </LI> <LI> Several crucial factors towards optimization were carried out. </LI> <LI> Peak 59.2 g/L of reducing sugar (RS) with 80.2% hydrolysis yield from NaC + NaS pretreated SCB. </LI> <LI> Significant hydrogen production and process optimization using SCB hydrolysates studied in detail. </LI> </UL> </P>

Electrochemical Oxidation of Phenol for Wastewater Treatment Using Ti/PbO2 Electrode

Saratale, Rijuta Ganesh,Hwang, Kyoung-Jin,Song, Ji-Young,Saratale, Ganesh Dattatray,Kim, Dong-Su American Society of Civil Engineers 2016 Journal of environmental engineering Vol.142 No.2

<P>The electrochemical oxidation of phenol was studied using a Ti/PbO2 electrode prepared by the electrodeposition method with PbO2 coated on Ti. The structural and morphological activity of Ti/PbO2 was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and intermediates formed after degradation of phenol were quantitatively assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Optimization of various parameters such as current density, initial phenol concentration, initial solution pH, and different temperature and dose of Fe2+ on electrochemical degradation of phenol using Ti/PbO2 were investigated. Complete removal of phenol (250mgL-1) was observed at 50 degrees C, potential difference (5V), and at pH 2. Experimental results showed that the phenol removal rate increased with increasing current intensity along with significant reduction in total organic carbon (TOC). Fundamental kinetic data obtained for the degradation of phenol by Ti/PbO2 was found to follow in accordance with the zero-order kinetics with respect to the phenol concentration. This paper is expected to be useful for the development of electrochemical process using Ti/PbO2 for the degradation of phenol containing wastewater. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.</P>

Combined effect of inorganic salts with calcium peroxide pretreatment for kenaf core biomass and their utilization for 2,3-butanediol production

Saratale, Rijuta Ganesh,Shin, Han Seung,Ghodake, Gajanan S.,Kumar, Gopalakrishnan,Oh, Min Kyu,Saratale, Ganesh Dattatraya Elsevier 2018 Bioresource technology Vol.258 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study focuses on development of calcium peroxide (CaO<SUB>2</SUB>) pretreatment that removes major part of lignin but retaining most of sugar components of kenaf core powder (KCP) biomass. In chemical pretreatment, usually higher loss of biomass occurs which was less during this pretreatment strategy. Supplementation of inorganic salts; manganese sulfate (MnSO<SUB>4</SUB>) and cobalt chloride (COCl<SUB>2</SUB>) in CaO<SUB>2</SUB> pretreatment resulted in maximum delignification of KCP relative to individual CaO<SUB>2</SUB> pretreatment. Maximum glucose yield (98%) and hydrolysis yield (80.5%) was achieved after enzymatic hydrolysis (30 FPU/g of KCP) under optimized conditions. Analytical results proved effective lignin removal and significant destruction of KCP with this pretreatment strategy. Finally, utilization of KCP enzymatic hydrolysates by developed strain <I>Klebsiella pneumoniae</I> KMK05 resulted in maximum 2,3-butanediol (BDO) production (10.42 g/L) and BDO titer (0.385 g/g of sugar). BDO titer achieved with KCP derived sugars were found comparable with the mixture of standard sugars which is notable.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Developed CaO<SUB>2</SUB> pretreatment & optimized various operational parameters for KCP biomass. </LI> <LI> Addition of inorganic salts improved delignification, glucose yield and total sugar recovery. </LI> <LI> Maximum BDO production (10.42 g/L) was achieved using <I>Klebsiella pneumoniae</I> KMK05. </LI> <LI> This novel pretreatment strategy abstained loss of sugar components of biomass. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Classification of Open Web Steel Beam: An Analytical and Experimental Study

Ganesh S. Gawande,Laxmikant M. Gupta 한국강구조학회 2023 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.23 No.6

The cross-section classification is an important topic in flexural steel member design since it tackles a cross-section's susceptibility to local buckling and specifies design resistance. As a result, work focuses on determining the classification limits for various classes of open web steel beams. A comprehensive investigation considering theoretical analysis, experimentation, and data analysis to assess the impact of a solitary point load applied at the beam's midpoint. Based on findings of the different studies, a total of eighty-eight nonlinear finite element models were examined using the ABAQUS software programme. The different finite element models are distinguished by their local slenderness ratios. Most of the steel design regulations consider the influence of the “individual plate rule”, “restricted load pattern rule”, and “monotonic rule” for cross section classification and neglect the effect of interactive behaviour. From the literature, it is found that classification should be done at the member level rather than at the cross-sectional level. To address this issue, open web steel beams were classified using the box section as a base. The classification limits for distinct classes of open web steel beams were derived at the member level, taking into account the interaction of different failure modes and local buckling modes. This suggestion is based on the effects of local and local-to-overall interaction buckling modes, which are not explicitly addressed by current design rules. Based on existing research and statistical assessment of test data, the current study provides suitable classification limits and rotation capacity formulations for open web steel beams.

Blood management strategies in congenital Glanzmann thrombasthenia at a hematology referral center

Ganesh Kasinathan,Jameela Sathar 대한혈액학회 2021 Blood Research Vol.56 No.4

Background Glanzmann thrombasthenia is associated with abnormalities in the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor. This study, conducted at Ampang Hospital, Malaysia, aimed to assess outcomes of blood management strategies for Glanzmann thrombasthenia. Methods Ten patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia aged 9 years (2009‒2018) were examined. Data on clinical characteristics, transfusion practices, and patient blood management were obtained from medical records. Patient blood management methods included parenteral iron, erythropoietin, hormonal pills, intrauterine progesterone contraceptive devices, tranexamic acid, and recombinant factor VIIa. Primary outcomes were hemoglobin levels and the proportion of patients who received blood transfusion. Secondary outcomes were morbidity and mortality. Results The median age at diagnosis was 8.2 years (range, 1‒15 yr). The female-to-male ratio was 9:1. Eight patients had type 2 disease (5‒20% of normal GPIIb/IIIa), and two patients had type 1 disease (normal GPIIb/IIIa <5%). All patients had iron deficiency. All female patients presented with significant menorrhagia. Other bleeding symptoms included epistaxis, spontaneous skin bruising, hemoptysis, gingival bleeding, knee hemarthrosis, and pelvic hematoma. No patient experienced life-threatening bleeding. Our patients had a mean hemoglobin level of 5.6 g/dL at diagnosis. All patients were optimized using non-transfusion methods as described above. Our patient had a current mean hemoglobin level of 11 g/dL. Approximately 70% (7/10) of patients did not experience receiving blood transfusions in the last 5 years. No patient experienced non-transfusion-related morbidities such as sepsis, thromboembolism, or cardiorespiratory events. Conclusion High cost, transfusion-related adverse events, and immunomodulation could be effectively prevented by avoiding unnecessary blood transfusions.

An integrated microfluidic PCR system with immunomagnetic nanoparticles for the detection of bacterial pathogens

Ganesh, Irisappan,Tran, Buu Minh,Kim, Yonghee,Kim, Jaewon,Cheng, Hua,Lee, Nae Yoon,Park, Sungsu Springer-Verlag 2016 Biomedical microdevices Vol.18 No.6

<P>There is growing interest in rapid microbial preconcentration methods to lower the detection limit of bacterial pathogens of low abundance in samples. Here, we report an integrated microfluidic PCR system that enables bacterial cells of interest in samples to be concentrated prior to PCR. It consists of two major compartments: a preconcentration chamber for the immunomagnetic separation of bacterial cells, and a PCR chamber for the DNA amplification of the concentrated cells. We demonstrate the feasibility of the system for the detection of microbial pathogens by preconcentrating the human pathogen Escherichia coli O157: H7, and also amplifying its DNA. The detection limit of E. coli O157: H7 in the PCR system is 1 x 103 CFU (colony forming unit)/mL. Onchip processing steps, including preconcentration and PCR steps, take less than two hours. Our system can serve as a rapid, specific, and quantitative platform for the detection of microbial pathogens in samples of large volume.</P>

Additively Manufactured Lattice Structures and Materials: Present Progress and Future Scope

Ganesh P. Borikar,Ashutosh R. Patil,Snehal B. Kolekar 한국정밀공학회 2023 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.24 No.11

Lattice patterns are designed to create lighter and stronger structures for various industrial applications. With progress in additive technology, lattice structure investigations have become feasible and realistic for efficient product and structural developments. The present study provides an overview of additively manufactured lattice structures along with their cell types, properties, model analysis, printing, and testing mechanical behaviour with adapted materials. The study focus on the behaviour of polymer lattice structures, including thermoplastics and resins, studying energy absorption, weight minimization, improvement of mechanical properties, and failure modes. Systematic literature research has been carried out (from 2006 to 2023) to highlight research gaps and challenges associated with lattice structures, simulation modelling, 3D prints, and structural tests. The study portrays insufficient investigations on fused deposition modelling and stereolithography-based lattice structures with polymers, composites, and metals, limited lattice structures comparative output data, design not withstanding specific energy absorption, low mechanical properties of materials and lattice, lag on the ceramic resins study. The authors report that by applying topology optimisation, comparison, and combination of lattice structures, the use of functionally graded materials, multi-material structures, controlled porosity and flexibility, they can resolve these challenges. The authors are hopeful that this research will be useful for next generation researchers and practitioners in miniaturisation and green product development.

Michaelis-Menten Behaviour in the Oxidation of Benzaldehydes by Pyridinium Chlorochromate (Corey's Reagent)

Ganesh P. Panigrahi,Sasananda Padhy Korean Chemical Society 1992 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.13 No.5

The oxidation of benzaldehyde, 3,4-dimethoxy benzaldehyde, p-methoxy benzaldehyde, m-$NO_2$-benzaldehyde, and m-chlorobenzaldehyde by pyridinium chlorochromate (Corey's reagent) are reported. Michaelis-Menten behaviour is observed. The rate determining step appears to be the decomposition of a complex of benzaldehyde with PCC either through a loss of $H^+$ or $H^-$ ions.

The question of equal representation of citizens in the legislature of Nepal: rhetoric and reality

Ganesh Prasad Pandeya,Tatsuo Oyama 서울대학교행정대학원 2019 Asian Journal of Political Science Vol.27 No.1

To what extent the legislature represents the views of all social groups is a central question in multiethnic societies like Nepal. The results from descriptive and inferential statistical analysis of all representatives from 1959 to 2013 show the existence of a prolonged unequal representation of caste/ethnic groups in the legislature of Nepal. A few subgroups of peoples have historically created a ‘creamy layer’ throughout all political systems. Although women and some excluded identities have gained substantial seats in the later period, progress for many groups, particularly historically marginalized ones, has been far too slow. The representation patterns are largely associated with a design of political institutions, such as electoral system and ethnic quotas, as well as the socioeconomic status of a group linked to poverty, wealth, adult literacy, and human development. These findings suggest that the chances of equal representation appear not just to the worth of group effort rather than its ability to influence the political process through power and resources. Thus, reforming political institutions, particularly the electoral systems, and improving the socioeconomic status of women and excluded identities, all of which demand strong political will and commitment, may narrow down inequality in political representation.