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Zhongchao Li,Qiuyun Wang,Fei Xie,Dewen Liu,Yakui Li,Zhiqian Lyu,Changhua Lai 아세아·태평양축산학회 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.12
Objective: The objective of this experiment was to determine apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) in 15 sources of soybean meal (SBM) produced from soybeans from different countries and subsequently to establish equations for predicting the AID and SID in SBM based on their chemical composition. Methods: Eighteen barrows (57.9±6.1 kg) fitted with a simple T-cannula were allotted into three 6×6 Latin square designs. Each period comprised a 6-d adaption period followed by a 2-d collection of ileal digesta. The 15 test diets included SBM as a sole source of AA in the diet. Another nitrogen-free diet was used to measure basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was used as an inert marker in each diet. Results: The AID of lysine in SBM from China and USA tended to be greater than in SBM from Brazil (p<0.10). The SID of valine and proline in SBM from China was greater than in SBM from Brazil (p<0.05). The SID of lysine, threonine, cysteine and glycine in SBM from China tended to be greater than in SBM from Brazil (p<0.10). From a stepwise regression analysis, a series of AID and SID prediction equations were generated. The best fit equations for lysine in SBM were: AID lysine = 1.16 sucrose–1.81 raffinose+82.10 (R2 = 0.69, p<0.01) and SID lysine = 1.14 sucrose–1.93 raffinose–0.99 ether extract (EE)+85.26 (R2 = 0.77, p<0.01). Conclusion: It was concluded that under the conditions of this experiment, the oligosaccharides (such as sucrose and raffinose) can be used to predict the AID and SID of AA in SBM with reasonable accuracy.
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Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip,Fei Lyu,Huapeng Lin,Guanlin Li,Pong-Chi Yuen,Vincent Wai-Sun Wong,Grace Lai-Hung Wong 대한간학회 2023 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.29 No.-
Inflammation is the key driver of liver fibrosis progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Unfortunately, it is often challenging to assess inflammation in NAFLD due to its dynamic nature and poor correlation with liver biochemical markers. Liver histology keeps its role as the standard tool, yet it is well-known for substantial sampling, intraobserver, and interobserver variability. Serum proinflammatory cytokines and apoptotic markers, namely cytokeratin-18, are well-studied with reasonable accuracy, whereas serum metabolomics and lipidomics have been adopted in some commercially available diagnostic models. Ultrasound and computed tomography imaging techniques are attractive due to their wide availability; yet their accuracies may not be comparable with magnetic resonance imaging-based tools. Machine learning and deep learning models, be they supervised or unsupervised learning, are promising tools to identify various subtypes of NAFLD, including those with dominating liver inflammation, contributing to sustainable care pathways for NAFLD.
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Chuanhui Zong,Yiang Sun,Na Zhang,Fei Wang,Aixiang Li,Qiuhong Li,Zijian Lyu 한국고분자학회 2019 Macromolecular Research Vol.27 No.8
Tumors have emerged as the number one cause of death with the incidence rate rising rapidly due to various factors. Nanoparticle-mediated PolyI:C (PIC) delivery is a promising approach in the treatment of various tumors. However, the delivery of PIC to target cells is very difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to develop carriers which can safely deliver PIC to the target cells. In this study, chitosan-g-poly (ethylene glycol)-g-polyethyleneimine copolymer (CS-g-PEG-g-PEI) which delivers PIC as a carrier was synthesized by carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) coupling method using ionic liquid as the reaction medium. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR and 13C NMR), elemental analysis and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed that PEG and PEI were grafted onto CS successfully. The result of cytotoxicity assay indicated low levels of cytotoxicity in CS-g-PEG-g-PEI. The positively charged CS-g-PEG-g-PEI self-assembled with the negatively charged PIC to form composite nanoparticles whose physicochemical properties were studied. The results of stability experiments and subsequent gel electrophoresis indicated that the stability of nanoparticles solution was good with water as a solvent, CS-g-PEG-g- PEI as a carrier, the ratio of nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) is 8, and the concentration of PIC as 0.5 mg/mL. CS-g-PEG-g-PEI could bind to PIC almost completely and effectively protect it from degradation of Rnase A at N/P=8, and the PIC encapsulation efficiency was over 87%. The results of morphological characterization showed that nano-sized self-assembled aggregates with core-shell structure could be prepared successfully. This provides a new carrier for long-circulation and research of solid tumor drug delivery system.
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Establishment of the Lunar Phase Morphological Classification for Cervical Spinal Canal
Cui Zhongyi,Wang Hongwei,Sun Yuan,Huang Weibo,Zou Fei,Ma Xiaosheng,Lyu Feizhou,Jiang Jianyuan,Wang Hongli 대한척추외과학회 2024 Asian Spine Journal Vol.18 No.1
Study Design: Retrospective clinical trial.Purpose: To establish a morphological classification of the cervical spinal canal using its parameters.Overview of Literature: Cervical spine computed tomography (CT) data of 200 healthy volunteers in 2 years were analyzed. The morphology of the spinal cord was also analyzed.Methods: The median sagittal diameter and transverse diameter of the spinal canal from C2 to C7 were measured on CT images. The ratio of the median sagittal diameter to the transverse diameter was calculated. Accordingly, the spinal canal shape of each segment was classified into four, and the specific criteria of lunar phase classification were determined through linear discriminant analysis based on the ratio of the median sagittal diameter to the transverse diameter. The inter-rater reliability of the classification was explored using Kappa coefficients. Finally, the morphology of the different segments of the cervical spinal canal in healthy volunteers was revised and compared.Results: According to the ratio of the median sagittal diameter and the transverse diameter of the cervical spinal canal, the lunar phase classification of the cervical bony spinal canal was determined as follows: full-moon >0.65, 0.55< convex-moon ≤0.65, 0.46≤ quarter-moon ≤0.55, and residual-moon <0.46. The Kappa values of C2–C7 were 0.851, 0.958, 0.823, 0.927, 0.793, and 0.946, and the Kappa value of all C2–C7 segments was 0.854 that mainly presented two forms of full-moon (76.5%) and convex-moon (23.0%). A quarter-moon spinal canal was mainly distributed in C3, C4, C5, and C6; a residual-moon spinal canal was mainly distributed in C4 and C5; and the morphological distribution of C4 and C5 were similar (<i>p</i>>0.05). The frequency of the spinal canal of the residual-moon type was the highest, and the full-moon (6.5%) and residual-moon (7.5%) types of C7 were rare.Conclusions: The morphological classification of the cervical spinal canal was established to present anatomical variations. The classification showed good inter-rater reliability.
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