Keywords and Spatial Based Indexing for Searching the Things on Web

Muhammad R. Faheem,Tayyaba Anees,Muzammil Hussain 한국인터넷정보학회 2022 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.16 No.5

The number of interconnected real-world devices such as sensors, actuators, and physical devices has increased with the advancement of technology. Due to this advancement, users face difficulties searching for the location of these devices, and the central issue is the findability of Things. In the WoT environment, keyword-based and geospatial searching approaches are used to locate these devices anywhere and on the web interface. A few static methods of indexing and ranking are discussed in the literature, but they are not suitable for finding devices dynamically. The authors have proposed a mechanism for dynamic and efficient searching of the devices in this paper. Indexing and ranking approaches can improve dynamic searching in different ways. The present paper has focused on indexing for improving dynamic searching and has indexed the Things Description in Solr. This paper presents the Things Description according to the model of W3C JSON-LD along with the open-access APIs. Search efficiency can be analyzed with query response timings, and the accuracy of response timings is critical for search results. Therefore, in this paper, the authors have evaluated their approach by analyzing the search query response timings and the accuracy of their search results. This study utilized different indexing approaches such as key-words-based, spatial, and hybrid. Results indicate that response time and accuracy are better with the hybrid approach than with keyword-based and spatial indexing approaches.

Spent caustic treatment using hydrophobic room temperatures ionic liquids

Muhammad Ashraf Sabri,Taleb Hassan Ibrahim,Mustafa Ibrahim Khamis,Paul Nancarrow,Muhammad Faheem Hassan 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.65 No.-

Two hydrophobic room temperature ionic liquid (IL), tetrahexylammonium dihexyl-sulfosuccinate (IL1) and trioctylmethylammonium salicylate (IL2), have been employed for the treatment of spent caustic (SC) wastewater by liquid–liquid extraction at room temperature and pressure. The concentrations of phenols, thiols and benzaldehyde were reduced to below their detection limits and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels were reduced from 64166 ± 3880 mg/l to 63.0 ± 9.0 mg/l. This represents an outstanding reduction in pollutant and COD levels to well below the discharge limits for industrial effluents as set by U.S.A. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations, thus eliminating the need for any further treatment before discharge.

Risk Factors Associated with Thyroid Carcinoma in North Pakistan

Khan, Muhammad Aleem,Khan, Kamran Hakeem,Shah, Sajid Ali,Mir, Kahkashan Ali,Khattak, Mubarik,Shahzad, Muhammad Faheem Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.1

Background: Epidemiological data on thyroid cancer and associated risk factors are scarce in our setting. The present study was therefore designed to gather data which could be helpful in providing insights to thyroid physicians and surgeons for better management of affected patients. Purpose: To determine the frequency of carcinoma thyroid among patients presenting with goiter and its association with TSH, Tg/ATg and other demographic factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 73 adult patients of either gender with solitary solid cold nodules and/or multi-ndoular goiter (MNG) with predominant solid cold nodules were enrolled. All surgically resected samples were sent for histopathology. The frequency of thyroid cancer and its subtypes was noted and tested for association with gender, age (< or ${\geq}40years$), recent increase in swelling size, TSH, Tg and ATg. Results: Thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 26% (n=19) of the patients, 14 (73.7%) being diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer and 5 (26.3%) with follicular thyroid cancer. No other subtypes were noted. Presence of thyroid cancer was significantly associated with recent increase in swelling size and higher TSH Values mean TSH values (P<0.05). No significant association was found with gender, age, Tg and ATg values (P>0.05). Conclusions: Overall percentage of thyroid cancer in our study sample was found to be 26%, with a predominance of papillary over follicular lesions. Rates were significantly higher in patients who had history of recent increase in swelling size and higher and higher pre-surgery TSH values.

Presentation Delay in Breast Cancer Patients, Identifying the Barriers in North Pakistan

Khan, Muhammad Aleem,Shafique, Sehrish,Khan, Muhammad Taha,Shahzad, Muhammad Faheem,Iqbal, Sundas Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.1

Background: There is strong evidence that delayed diagnosis of breast cancer is associated with poor survival. Our objectives were to determine the frequency of breast cancer patients with delayed presentation, the reasons of delay and its association with different socio-demographic variables in our North Pakistan setting. Materials and Methods: We interviewed 315 histologically confirmed breast cancer patients. Delay was defined as more than 3 months from appearance of symptoms to consultation with a doctor. Questions were asked from each patient which could reflect their understanding about the disease and which could be the likely reasons for their delayed presentation. Results: 39.0 % (n=123) of patients presented late and out of those, 40.7% wasted time using alternative medicines; 25.2 % did not having enough resources; 17.1 % presented late due to painless lump; 10.6% felt shyness and 6.5% presented late due to other reasons. Higher age, negative family history, < 8 school years of education and low to middle socio-economic status were significantly associated with delayed presentation (p< 0.05). Education and socioeconomic status were two independent variables related to the delayed presentation after adjustment for others (OR of 2.26, 2.29 and 95%CI was 1.25-4.10, 1.06-4.94 respectively). Conclusions: Significant numbers of women with breast cancer in North Pakistan experience presentation delay due to their misconceptions about the disease. Coordinated efforts with public health departments are needed to educate the focused groups and removing the barriers identified in the study. Long term impact will be reduced overall burden of the disease in the region.

Exergoeconomic analysis of an LNG integrated - air separation process

Hamayun Muhammad Haris,Ramzan Naveed,Faheem Muhammad 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.12

An integrated LNG regasification - air separation process is investigated using exergy and exergoeconomic analyses. The objective of developing this integrated process is to lower the calorific value of LNG by mixing regasified LNG with high purity nitrogen, while simultaneously recovering and utilizing valuable cryogenic energy from the LNG during its regasification to minimize the power consumption of the air separation unit (ASU) for nitrogen production. The overall exergy efficiency and exergy destruction of the integrated process are 76.47% and 28.52MW, respectively, with the compression section causing the most exergy destruction. Further exergoeconomic analysis of the proposed process reveals that the air compressors have the highest capital investment (CI) and operating and maintenance (O&M) cost rates, the pumps for cooling water and LNG have the highest exergoeconomic factors, and the low-pressure column and a multistream heat exchanger have the highest exergy destruction cost rates. A parametric study is also conducted to examine the impact of economic variables including interest rate, plant life, and compressor performance on exergy destruction, CI and O&M cost rates, and exergoeconomic factor. The findings of this study offer valuable insight into the design and optimization of similar integrated processes, with potential benefits for the energy industry.

Genome and transcriptome-wide analyses of cellulose synthase gene superfamily in soybean

Nawaz, Muhammad Amjad,Rehman, Hafiz Mamoon,Baloch, Faheem Shehzad,Ijaz, Babar,Ali, Muhammad Amjad,Khan, Iqrar Ahmad,Lee, Jeong Dong,Chung, Gyuhwa,Yang, Seung Hwan G. Fischer 2017 Journal of plant physiology Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The plant cellulose synthase gene superfamily belongs to the category of type-2 glycosyltransferases, and is involved in cellulose and hemicellulose biosynthesis. These enzymes are vital for maintaining cell-wall structural integrity throughout plant life. Here, we identified 78 putative cellulose synthases (CS) in the soybean genome. Phylogenetic analysis against 40 reference <I>Arabidopsis</I> CS genes clustered soybean CSs into seven major groups (CESA, CSL A, B, C, D, E and G), located on 19 chromosomes (except chromosome 18). Soybean CS expansion occurred in 66 duplication events. Additionally, we identified 95 simple sequence repeat makers related to 44 CSs. We next performed digital expression analysis using publically available datasets to understand potential CS functions in soybean. We found that CSs were highly expressed during soybean seed development, a pattern confirmed with an Affymatrix soybean IVT array and validated with RNA-seq profiles. Within CS groups, CESAs had higher relative expression than CSLs. Soybean CS models were designed based on maximum average RPKM values. Gene co-expression networks were developed to explore which CSs could work together in soybean. Finally, RT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression of 15 selected CSs during all four seed developmental stages.</P>

Biology, life table parameters, and functional response of Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on different stages of invasive Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Sadaf sajjad,Amjad Sultan,Muhammad Farhanullah Khan,Imam Din Keerio,Muhammad Samiullah Channa,Muhammad Faheem Akbar 국립중앙과학관 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.14 No.2

Studies on the biology, life table parameters, and functional response of the green lacewing, Chrysoperlacarnea, were carried out on papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus, under laboratory conditions. Thehighest larval survival rate (90.50%) was recorded on S. cerealella and then on P. marginatus (85%). Thehighest life table values of C. carnea, lx (0.91), R0 (106.45), T (50 days), Mx (263), and rm (0.10), wererecorded on S. cerealella, whereas doubling time (6.95) and death rate (0.11) were recorded onP. marginatus. The 1st instar of C. carnea to both nymphal instars of P. marginatus exhibited type IIfunctional response, whereas the 2nd and 3rd instars exhibited type III functional response. Predatorssuch as C. carnea with type III functional response to P. marginatus are recognized as an effectual biologicalcontrol agent as it can efficaciously establish and manage the P. marginatus population.

Highly dispersive substitution box (S-box) design using chaos

Faheem, Zaid Bin,Ali, Asim,Khan, Muhamad Asif,Ul-Haq, Muhammad Ehatisham,Ahmad, Waqar Electronics and Telecommunications Research Instit 2020 ETRI Journal Vol.42 No.4

Highly dispersive S-boxes are desirable in cryptosystems as nonlinear confusion sublayers for resisting modern attacks. For a near optimal cryptosystem resistant to modern cryptanalysis, a highly nonlinear and low differential probability (DP) value is required. We propose a method based on a piecewise linear chaotic map (PWLCM) with optimization conditions. Thus, the linear propagation of information in a cryptosystem appearing as a high DP during differential cryptanalysis of an S-box is minimized. While mapping from the chaotic trajectory to integer domain, a randomness test is performed that justifies the nonlinear behavior of the highly dispersive and nonlinear chaotic S-box. The proposed scheme is vetted using well-established cryptographic performance criteria. The proposed S-box meets the cryptographic performance criteria and further minimizes the differential propagation justified by the low DP value. The suitability of the proposed S-box is also tested using an image encryption algorithm. Results show that the proposed S-box as a confusion component entails a high level of security and improves resistance against all known attacks.

A Semi-Supervised Technique for LGA Prognosis

Faheem Akhtar,jianqiang Li,Yan Pei,Muhammad Azeem 한국정보기술학회 2019 Proceedings of The International Workshop on Futur Vol.2018 No.1

Challenges in Efficient Data Warehousing

Muhammad Arif,Faheem Zaffar 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.8 No.2

Data warehousing has proved its importance as a source of decision support in competing market strategies and thus a lot of work is carried out in various aspects of it like conceptual enterprise perspective to ensure cost benefit is achieved by gaining competitive advantage which requires physical organization of data to improve the quality of data and quality of service. This paper gives insight how this is practically achieved, and where researchers are confronted with several challenges like privacy of data, access performance, efficient storage and cost benefit achievement.