Strategies of Maize Breeding for Resistance to Fusarium Ear Rot and Fumonisin Contamination

Jin Yu,M.S. Eller,Yoon-Sup So,James B. Holland,Sun-Hee Woo,Charlie Zilla 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2012 No.07

Is backcrossing a good strategy for improving elite lines for quantitative traits in general? Results reported here demonstrate the effectiveness of a backcrossing program for improving quantitatively inherited disease resistance traits, which are strongly influenced by the environment. Through backcross breeding, we were able to improve an important commercial inbred line, FR1064, for ear rot and fumonisin contamination resistance without significantly lowering its yield potential, even with the use of a donor line with poor agronomic potential. Following one generation of selection on advanced backcross-derived lines, gains were observed for the primary trait of interest in advanced inbred generations. Following two generations of selection, we improved potential performance for ear rot resistance and reduced fumonisin accumulation in the 19 selected lines without significantly affecting important agronomic characteristics such as plant height, ear height, or flowering time compared to the recurrent parent, FR1064. The 19 selected lines were also significantly more resistant to ear rot under inoculated conditions than the FR1064 topcross without exhibiting significant reductions in topcross grain yield or other agronomic traits. Several individual lines were identified that were not statistically different from GE440 for ear rot or fumonisin content as inbreds or from the GE440 topcross for ear rot. These lines exhibited topcross yields comparable to the FR1064 topcross, although they were not competitive with commercial check yields. Thus, from a practical standpoint, the backcrossing method was effective at improving quantitative disease resistance in an elite commercial line using an unadapted donor parent. We also genotyped selected lines at DNA markers linked to ear rot and fumonisin resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) identified in the BC1 generation of this cross to determine which QTL demonstrated allele frequency shifts due to selection.

Strategies of Maize Breeding for Resistance to Fusarium Ear Rot and Fumonisin Contamination

Jin Yu,M.S. Eller,Charlie Zilla,Yoon-Sup So,James B. Holland,Sun-Hee Woo 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2012 No.07

Is backcrossing a good strategy for improving elite lines for quantitative traits in general? Results reported here demonstrate the effectiveness of a backcrossing program for improving quantitatively inherited disease resistance traits, which are strongly influenced by the environment. Through backcross breeding, we were able to improve an important commercial inbred line, FR1064, for ear rot and fumonisin contamination resistance without significantly lowering its yield potential, even with the use of a donor line with poor agronomic potential. Following one generation of selection on advanced backcross-derived lines, gains were observed for the primary trait of interest in advanced inbred generations. Following two generations of selection, we improved potential performance for ear rot resistance and reduced fumonisin accumulation in the 19 selected lines without significantly affecting important agronomic characteristics such as plant height, ear height, or flowering time compared to the recurrent parent, FR1064. The 19 selected lines were also significantly more resistant to ear rot under inoculated conditions than the FR1064 topcross without exhibiting significant reductions in topcross grain yield or other agronomic traits. Several individual lines were identified that were not statistically different from GE440 for ear rot or fumonisin content as inbreds or from the GE440 topcross for ear rot. These lines exhibited topcross yields comparable to the FR1064 topcross, although they were not competitive with commercial check yields. Thus, from a practical standpoint, the backcrossing method was effective at improving quantitative disease resistance in an elite commercial line using an unadapted donor parent. We also genotyped selected lines at DNA markers linked to ear rot and fumonisin resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) identified in the BC1 generation of this cross to determine which QTL demonstrated allele frequency shifts due to selection.

Selecting Tropical Inbreds for Temperate Breeding in Maize

Sun-Hee Woo,Jin Yu,M.S. Eller,Charlie Zilla,Yoon-Sup So,Major Goodman,James B. Holland 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2012 No.07

Use of public tropical lines for U.S. commercial maize (Zea mays L.) breeding is either undocumented or non-existent. A possible exception is the old Cuban line A6, which was still being used in tropical hybrids over 40 years after its development. A major reason for the under-utilization of this valuable germplasm source is the sparse amount of yield-trial data available for most tropical lines. Effective evaluation of tropical, unadapted maize is costly and time-consuming in the U.S. corn-belt, where most temperate maize breeding is done. Thus, temperate maize breeding programs have shown minimal interest in such lines. The narrowness of the temperate maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm base has long been recognized, and there are many available, elite tropical lines that might be used to profitably broaden it. However, there are few comparative yield-trial data by which to choose which line(s) might be most useful. As the investment required for using a tropical line in a temperate breeding program is large, line-choice is critical. Tropical maize (Zea mays L.) represents a valuable genetic resource containing unique alleles not present in elite temperate maize. The strong delay in flowering in response to long daylength photoperiods exhibited by most tropical maize hinders its incorporation into temperate maize breeding programs. The objective of this study was to integrate candidate gene analyses with photoperiod QTL mapping across multiple maize populations. We tested the hypothesis that diverse tropical inbreds carry alleles with similar effects at four key photoperiod response quantitative trait loci (QTL) previously identified in maize. Four tropical maize inbreds were each crossed and backcrossed twice to the temperate recurrent parent B73 to establish four sets of introgression lines. Evaluation of these lines under long day lengths demonstrated that all four QTL have significant effects on flowering time or height in these lines, but the functional allelic effects varied substantially across the tropical donor lines. At the most important photoperiod response QTL on chromosome 10, one tropical line allele even promoted earlier flowering relative to the B73 allele. Significant allelic effect differences among tropical founders were also demonstrated directly in an F2 population derived from the cross of Ki14 and CML254. The chromosome 10 photoperiod response QTL position was validated in a set of heterogeneous inbred families evaluated in field tests and in controlled environments.

A comparison study on Korea and Australia regarding the social network analysis of the customers' attitude, satisfaction, and revisit intention in the family restaurant : focusing on the difference in the SNS using experience

정승환,Eller, Charles,김재석 한국호텔관광학회 2016 호텔관광연구 Vol.18 No.6

This study tries to analyze the relationship between the social network of the customers' revisit intention, attitude and satisfaction in the family restaurant through differentiating the customers who have experiences of using SNS and who do not. The reason for this assumption is that many family restaurants are investing a lot into boosting their image and customer attraction by providing SNS services such as Facebook, Twitter, and Kakaotalk. To analyze this, breaking from the properties of effect relationship so far, the study will investigate the connection structure focusing on the properties between the relationships. This study conducted a survey in Korea and Australia for 20 days from September 1 and used a total of questionnaires for the analysis. The result of study shows that there was a difference in the customers' attitude, satisfaction, and revisit intention about family restaurants according to the experience of using SNS service information. The result of analyzing the network focusing on the connection centrality and proximity centrality also shows that there was a difference in the connection centrality and proximity centrality between the two groups.

Topical Wound-Healing Effects and Phytochemical Composition of Heartwood Essential Oils of Juniperus virginiana L., Juniperus occidentalis Hook., and Juniperus ashei J. Buchholz

Ibrahim Tumen,Ipek Su¨ntar,Fred J. Eller,Hikmet Keles,Esra Ku¨peli Akkol 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.1

Ethnobotanical surveys indicated that in the traditional medicines worldwide, several Juniperus species are utilized as antihelmintic, diuretic, stimulant, antiseptic, carminative, stomachic, antirheumatic, antifungal, and for wound healing. In the present study, essential oils obtained from heartwood samples of Juniperus virginiana L., Juniperus occidentalis Hook. and Juniperus ashei J. Buchholz were evaluated for wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities by using in vivo experimental methods. The essential oils were obtained by the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method. Linear incision and circular excision wound models were performed for the wound-healing activity assessment. The tissues were also evaluated for the hydroxyproline content as well as histopathologically. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oils, the test used was an acetic acid-induced increase in capillary permeability. The essential oil of J. occidentalis showed the highest activity on the in vivo biological activity models. Additionaly, the oil of J. virginiana was found highly effective in the anti-inflammatory activity method. The experimental data demonstrated that essential oil of J. occidentalis displayed significant wound-healing and anti-inflammatory activities

Circulating HIV-Specific Interleukin-21⁺CD4⁺ T Cells Represent Peripheral Tfh Cells with Antigen-Dependent Helper Functions

Schultz, Bruce T.,Teigler, Jeffrey E.,Pissani, F.,Oster, Alexander F.,Kranias, G.,Alter, G.,Marovich, M.,Eller, Michael A.,Dittmer, U.,Robb, Merlin L.,Kim, Jerome H.,Michael, Nelson L.,Bolton, D.,Stre Cell Press 2016 Immunity Vol.44 No.1

<P>A central effort in HIV vaccine development is to generate protective broadly neutralizing antibodies, a process dependent on T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. The feasibility of using peripheral blood counterparts of lymph node Tfh cells to assess the immune response and the influence of viral and vaccine antigens on their helper functions remain obscure. We assessed circulating HIV-specific IL-21(+) CD4(+) T cells and showed transcriptional and phenotypic similarities to lymphoid Tfh cells, and hence representing peripheral Tfh (pTfh) cells. pTfh cells were functionally active and B cell helper quality differed depending on antigen specificity. Furthermore, we found higher frequency of pTfh cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cell specimens from the ALVAC+AIDSVAX (RV144) HIV vaccine trial associated with protective antibody responses compared to the non-protective DNA+Ad5 vaccine trial. Together, we identify IL-21(+) CD4(+) T cells as pTfh cells, implicating them as key populations in the generation of vaccine-evoked antibody responses.</P>

고대 시칠리아의 문화 교류

( Sebastian Müeller ) 한국서양고대역사문화학회 2021 서양고대사연구 Vol.62 No.-

그리스인과 페니키아인이 지중해로 확장해 간 시기(기원전 800년경)는 해상의 중심에 있는 시칠리아와 아울러 이 지역 전체의 전환기이다. 문화교류 연구에서 특히 관심을 갖는 한 가지 측면은, 서로 다른 문화적 배경을 가진 사람들이 서로를 마주하는 방식 그리고 이 접촉 상황에서의 대응 방식이다. 풍부한 역사, 고고학적 자료를 통해 잘 알려진 지역 중 하나인 시칠리아는 문화 교류 탐구에 관한 흥미로운 시험장이다. 본고에서는 그리스와 지역 공동체 간 만남의 방식과 시간의 흐름에 따라 이들 공동체 간 관계의 변화를 확인하고자 한다. 당대 상황에 맞게 기술하기 위하여 사회 심리학 관점을 적용한다. 식민화 과정이 여러 세대에 걸쳐 지속되었으므로 이 과정을 세 단계로 나누어 정의하고 논의한다. 또한 시칠리아 공동체가 그리스 물질 문화와 관습을 활발히 받아들였으므로 이 시기에는 초기 헬레니즘 과정을 관찰할 수 있다. 시대별 문화교류에 대한 설명은 본 연구의 이론적 골조를 통해 잘 설명할 수 있지만, 그리스 문화 요소가 시칠리아 문화에 들어온 실제 이유는 추가 설명이 필요하다. 따라서 본고에서는 시칠리아에 그리스 문화를 전파한 단일 주체의 역할을 살펴보고, 시칠리아 지배계층이 자발적 연합을 통해 더 넓은 지중해 교류 네트워크의 일원 및 그리스 문화의 일부가 되기 위해 그리스 문화 요소를 받아들였음을 강조하는 인류학과 세계사에 파생된 이론을 제시한다. The time of the Phoenician and Greek expansion (from ca. 800 BC) into the Mediterranean marks a turning point for the entire region and also for the island of Sicily in the center of the sea. One aspect that is of particular interest in the research of cultural interchanges is the way how people of different cultural backgrounds encountered each other and how they responded to these contact situations. Sicily is one of the areas that is well covered by historical and archaeological sources, which renders it an interesting testing ground for these kind of enquires. The present article aims to ascertain the modes of encounters between Greek and local communities and how the relationship between these communities changed over time. As a reference for describing the situation adequately, basic insights from social psychology are applied. Since the colonization process lasted for several generations, three time stages for the observation of the development are defined and discussed. Due to the adoption of Greek material culture and customs by the local population an early Hellenization process can be observed for the local Sicilian communities. Although the applied framework allows for a better description of the encounters for each time stage, the actual reasons for the inclusion of Greek cultural elements into the local culture are not covered by that. Therefore, the present article offers an explanation derived from anthropology and world history, which emphasizes the role of single agents for spreading Greek culture among the local communities and how the local elite accepted these elements from their Greek counterparts through voluntary association in order to become part of the wider Mediterranean communication network.