금속(Ag, Cu, Co)함유 활성탄소섬유의 미세공도와 금속입자의 거동

임광순,엄상용,유승곤,Edie, Dan D. 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.41 No.4

개질된 석유 피치에 금속(Ag, Cu, Co)염들을 혼합하여 전구체 피치를 만들고 용융방사하여 금속함유 탄소섬유를 만든 후, 이를 수증기로 활성화하여 활성탄소섬유를 만들고 미세공도와 금속 입자의 거동을 관찰하였다. 전구체 피치의 용융방사온도는 금속함량이 증가함에 따라 선형적으로 증가했다. Co와 Cu가 함유된 탄소섬유는 공기분위기에서 400℃에서부터, Ag이 함유된 탄소섬유는 금속이 함유되지 않은 탄소섬유와 같이 480℃에서부터 급격히 분해되었다. 금속을 함유하지 않은 활성탄소섬유의 평균 기공과 비표면적은 20 Å, 1,100㎡/g이었다. 금속함유 활성탄소섬유는 금속의 촉매적 가속 때문에 활성화 속도가 크고 평균기공직경과 중기공 비율은 커졌으나, 비표면적은 감소하였다. 금속 함유 활성탄소섬유는 1 wt%가 함유되어도 각각의 금속에 대응하는 피크가 나타났다. 활성탄소섬유내에서 은 입자들은 비교적 균일하게 분포되었으나, 구리와 코발트 입자들은 일부가 합체하여 큰 입자를 형성하는 경향을 보였으며, 합체된 구리입자들은 수증기 활성화동안 일부가 섬유로부터 빠져나와 표면에 거대 기공을 남겼다. Metal (Ag, Cu, Co)salts were mixed to reformed petroleum pitches for production of metal-containing carbon fibers. The carbon fiber was steam activated to investigate the microporosity and the behaviour of metal particles in activated carbon fiber. The melt spinning temperature of precursor pitch linearly increased as the metal content increased. Cobalt and copper-containing carbon fibers were decomposed after 400℃, silver-containing and non-metal containing carbon fibers were decomposed after 480℃ in air. The average pore diameter and specific surface area of non-metal containing activated carbon fibers were 20 Å and 1,100 ㎡/g. The activation rates of metal-containing carbon fibers increased by catalytic acceleration of metals. Average pore diameter and mesopore fraction of metal-containing activated carbon fiber increased as the metal content increased, however, specific surface area decreased. The metal-containing activated carbon fibers showed peaks corresponding to their own metal. Silver particles were uniformly distributed in activated carbon fibers, while copper and cobalt particles tended to coalesence and some of coalesced copper exited from activated carbon fibers resulting in macropores on the surface of activated carbon fibers during the steam activation.

Characteristics of Pitch-based Carbon Fibers Containing Multi-wall Carbon Nanotubes

Kim, J.-w.,Im, J.-s.,Cho, T.,Basova, Y. V.,Edie, D. D.,Lee, Y.-S. THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING 2007 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.13 No.5

Distribution of Silver Particles in Silver-containing Activated Carbon Fibers

S.K. Ryu,S.Y. Eom,T.H. Cho,D.D. Edie 한국탄소학회 2003 Carbon Letters Vol.4 No.4

Silver nitrate (AgNO3) powder was mixed into a reformed pitch precursor. Then, the silver-containing pitch was melt spun to form round and "C" shape fibers. A wire mesh was inserted prior to the nozzle to improve the spinnability of the silvercontaining precursor pitch. Silver particles in the carbon fibers (CFs) were detected by XRD and TEM. These tests showed that silver particles were uniformly distributed and the total amount of silver remained constant during stabilization and carbonization. Next, the silver-containing CFs were activated by steam diluted in nitrogen gas. Silver particles accelerated the activation rate, but the specific surface areas of the silver-containing ACFs were similar to those of non-silver containing ACFs at the same burn-off levels. The specific surface area of the C-shaped activated carbon fibers was larger than that of the round activated carbon fibers. The likely reason is that the surface area of a C-shaped CF is about two times larger than that of a round CF when equivalent cross-sectional areas are compared. A small amount of silver particles in the periphery of the CFs was removed during the activation, but the remainder of silver was stayed within the ACFs.

Distribution of Silver Particles in Silver-containing Activated Carbon Fibers

Ryu, S.K.,Eom, S.Y.,Cho, T.H.,Edie, D.D. Korean Carbon Society 2003 Carbon Letters Vol.4 No.4

Silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$) powder was mixed into a reformed pitch precursor. Then, the silver-containing pitch was melt spun to form round and "C" shape fibers. A wire mesh was inserted prior to the nozzle to improve the spinnability of the silvercontaining precursor pitch. Silver particles in the carbon fibers (CFs) were detected by XRD and TEM. These tests showed that silver particles were uniformly distributed and the total amount of silver remained constant during stabilization and carbonization. Next, the silver-containing CFs were activated by steam diluted in nitrogen gas. Silver particles accelerated the activation rate, but the specific surface areas of the silver-containing ACFs were similar to those of non-silver containing ACFs at the same burn-off levels. The specific surface area of the C-shaped activated carbon fibers was larger than that of the round activated carbon fibers. The likely reason is that the surface area of a C-shaped CF is about two times larger than that of a round CF when equivalent cross-sectional areas are compared. A small amount of silver particles in the periphery of the CFs was removed during the activation, but the remainder of silver was stayed within the ACFs.

Characteristics of Pitch-based Carbon Fibers Containing Multi-wall Carbon Nanotubes

Ju Wan Kim,Ji Sun Im,Tae Hyun Cho,Yulia V. Basova,Dan D. Edie,Young Seak Lee 한국공업화학회 2007 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.13 No.5

정전방사에 의한 PAN계 활성화 탄소 나노섬유 전극 제조와 EDLC 응용

김찬,김종상,이완진,김형섭,양갑승,Kim, Chan,Kim, Jong-Sang,Lee, Wan-Jin,Kim, Hyung-Sup,Edie, Dan D.,Yang, Kap-Seung 한국전기화학회 2002 한국전기화학회지 Vol.5 No.3

PAN(polyacrylonitrile)을 DMF(dimethylformamide) 용매에 용해하여 정전방사법에 의해 평균 직경 400 nm의 나노섬유 웹을 제조하였다. 제조된 나노섬유 웹은 산화 안정화, 활성화 공정을 거쳐 활성화 탄소 나노섬유를 제조하여, 전기화학적 특성과 비축전 용량을 측73하였다. 활성화 탄소 나노섬유의 비표면적은 $1230m^2/g-800m^2/g$으로 일반 활성탄소 섬유의 거동과는 다르게 활성화 온도가 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 활성화 에너지 값은 29.2kJ/mol로 활성화 온도에 크게 영향을 받지 않고, 급격한 반응이 일어남을 알 수 있었다. 비축전 용량은 활성화 온도가 $700^{\circ}C,\;750^{\circ}C,\;800^{\circ}C$의 경우 27 F/g, 25 F/g, 22 F/g으로 활성화 온도가 증가할수록 비표면적에 비례하여 낮아지는 경향을 나타냈다. Poly(acrylonitrile)(PAN) solutions in dimethylformamide(DMF) were electrospun to prepare webs consisting of 400nm ultra-fine fibers. The webs were oxidatively stabilized, activated by steam and resulted to be activated carbon fibers(ACFs). The specific surface area was $800\~1230 m^2/g$, which showed a trend of a decrease of the surface area with an increase in activation temperature, showing opposite behavior to the other ACFs. The activation energy of the stabilized fibers for the steam activation was determined as 29.2 kJ/mol to be relatively low indicating the easier activation than that of other carbonized fibers. The ACF webs were characterized by pore size and specific surface uea which would be related to the specific capacitance of the electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC). The specific capacitances measured were 27 F/g, 25 F/g, 22 F/g at the respective activation temperature of $700^{circ}C,\;750^{\circ}C\;800^{\circ}C$, showing similar trend with the specific surface area i.e., the higher activation temperature was, the lower specific capacitance resulted.

G-ASPOO-L: The Technopreneurship-Based Supply Chain Management Model for Souvenirs MSMEs to Reach Customer Value Creation

Edi NOERSASONGKO(Edi NOERSASONGKO ),Mila SARTIKA(Mila SARTIKA ),Diana AQMALA(Diana AQMALA ),Zainal Arifin HASIBUAN(Zainal Arifin HASIBUAN ) 한국유통과학회 2022 유통과학연구 Vol.20 No.12

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to identify and design a model for the integration between marketing and supply chain management (SCM) of technopreneurship-based souvenirs MSMEs to fulfil customer value creation. Research design, data and methodology: This research method uses the system development life cycle method. This study draws its insights and conclusions from a literature review in several fields followed by an interactive research approach that helps identify, validate, and implement a theoretical framework so that the modelling results can be adopted in applicative manner for souvenir MSMEs. Result: Implementing the “G-ASPOO-L” supply chain management integration model based on technopreneruship to fulfil value creation in the 5.0 society era created three perspectives: an inter-functional perspective, a process perspective, and an integrated business concept perspective. The supply chain management involves enterprise integration, strategic customer integration, strategic supplier integration, and marketing strategy integration. Conclusion: The proposed model framework leads to managerial problems of supply chain management strategy, which urgently requires an interaction approach that challenges the traditional view of demand creation and implementation of supply chain management to fulfil value creation. This research leverages existing knowledge and advances our understanding of the strategic integration issues companies face in digital-based competition.

Analysis of Indonesian Tuna Fish Export to Twelve Main Destination Countries: A Panel Gravity Model

Wayan Edy Darma PUTRA(Wayan Edy Darma PUTRA ),NASRUDIN(NASRUDIN ) 한국유통과학회 2023 Asian Journal of Business Environment (AJBE) Vol.13 No.1

Purpose: This study purposes to analyze the determinants of the volume of Indonesian tuna exports. Research design, data and methodology: The framework was developed from the gravity model for trade, which was expanded with additional variables of competitiveness, exchange rate, and industrial share of the destination country. The data sources used in this study are UN Comtrade and the World Bank. The data used is yearly data from 12 countries in 2001-2019. The scope of the study is limited to exports to the twelve main export destinations. Panel data regression analysis is used to determine the factors that affect the volume of Indonesian tuna exports. Results: The results show that according to the theory, Indonesia's GDP has a positive effect and economic distance has a negative effect on the volume of the exports. Meanwhile, the GDPs of the destination countries are not proven to have a positive effect. However, the higher the industrial share in the country, the higher the export volume tends to be. Conclusions: The conclusion obtained from this study is that Indonesia's GDP, economic distance, real exchange rate, industrial GDP share of the destination country, and the RCA index affect the volume of Indonesian tuna exports.

Gastric Electrical Stimulation for Gastroparesis

( Edy E Soffer ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2012 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.18 No.2

Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) for gastroparesis has been in use for more than a decade. Multiple publications, consisting almost entirely of open label single center studies, reported a beneficial effect on symptoms, quality of life and nutritional status. Some predictors of better response to GES have been lately identified, primarily diabetic etiology and nausea and vomiting as the predominant symptoms. However, individual response to GES remains difficult to predict. The mechanism of action of GES remains poorly understood. Stimulation parameters approved in clinical practice do not regulate gastric slow wave activity and have inconsistent effect on gastric emptying. Despite such limitations, gastric electrical stimulation remains a helpful intervention in some patients with severe gastroparesis who fail to respond to medical therapy.

Status Epilepticus : How to Intervene Effectively

Edis, R.H. Medical Publications Korea 1986 Medical Progress Vol.8 No.4