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Strictly regular quaternary quadratic forms and lattices
Earnest, A.G.,Kim, Ji Young,Meyer, N.D. Elsevier 2014 Journal of number theory Vol.144 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Text</B></P> <P>It will be shown that there exist only finitely many isometry classes of primitive integral positive definite quaternary quadratic Z -lattices that are strictly regular, in the sense that they primitively represent all integers primitively represented by their genus.</P> <P><B>Video</B></P> <P>For a video summary of this paper, please visit http://youtu.be/V6EzAKAwpfw.</P>
( Yp Jung ),( M Koozehchian ),( R Dalton ),( C Rasmussen ),( P Murano ),( Cp Earnest ),( Rb Kreider ) 한국체육학회 2016 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1
Purpose: A number of nutritional strategies have been developed to optimize nutrient delivery prior to exercise. As a result, various pre-workout supplements have been developed to increase energy availability, promote vasodilation, and/or positively affect exercise capacity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute pre-workout dietary supplement ingestion with and without synephrine on serum creatine in healthy, active volunteers. Method: We randomized 25 apparently healthy and recreationally active men (n=20) and women (n=5) (21.76±3.00 yr, 15.24±5.26% fat, 25.09±3.03 kg/m2) in a double-blind, crossover, randomized and placebo- controlled manner to acutely ingest (1) a dextrose flavored placebo (PLA); (2) a pre-workout supplement (PWS) containing 3 g beta alanine, 2 g creatine nitrate, 2 g arginine AKG, 300 mg N-acetyl tyrosine, 270 mg caffeine, 15 mg Mucuna pruriens; or, (3) PWS + 20 mg synephrine (PWS+S). Initial venous blood serum collections followed 10-12 hours of fasting, with a second and third collection 30-min and 90-min following a pre-workout supplement ingestion. Participants repeated the experiment after a one-week washout period with the alternate supplements in a randomized and counterbalanced manner. Plasma was subsequently extracted and stored at -80°C, and then analyzed by calorimetric assay kits to measure serum creatine level. Data presented mean ± SD and mean change ± 95% CI. Data were analyzed by two-way repeated measure ANOVA and one-way repeated measure ANOVA. Result: We observed significant effects for treatment (p<0. 001), time (p<0. 001), and the treatment x time interaction (p<0.001) on serum creatine. Overall, significant differences for creatine were observed for PWS+S (2.62 μmol/L; 95% CI, 2.29, 2.94) and PWS (2.31 μmol/L; 95% CI, 1.97, 2.65) vs. PLA (0.71 μmol/L; 95% CI, 0.63, 0.80). The effect also showed significant differences at 30-min (2.37 μmol/L; 95% CI, 2.02, 2.71) and 90-min (2.57 μmol/L; 95% CI, 2.14, 2.99) from pre-ingestion (0.71 μmol/L; 95% CI, 0.63, 0.78). Treatment x time interaction showed significant increases in serum creatine levels for PWS+S (3.28 μmol/L; 95% CI, 2.80, 3.76) and PWS (3.13 μmol/L; 95% CI, 2.52, 3.74) vs. PLA (0.69 μmol/L; 95% CI, 0.60, 0.78) at 30-min, and PWS+S (3.89 μmol/L; 95% CI, 3.21, 4.57) and PWS (3.10 μmol/L; 95% CI, 2.48, 3.71) vs. PLA (0.71 μmol/L; 95% CI, 0.61, 0.82) at 90-min of supplement ingestion. Although there was no significant difference between PWS+S and PWS (p=0.48) at 30-min post-ingestion, at 90-min post-ingestion, serum creatine was significantly increased (p<0.001) in PWS+S subjects (0.79 μmol/L; 95% CI, 0.37, 1.21) compared to PWS subjects. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis also showed a significant difference between treatments (p<0.001). Post-hoc comparisons demonstrated significant differences between PWS+S (5.57 μmol/L; 95% CI, 4.88, 6.25) and PWS (5.50 μmol/L, 95% CI, 4.26, 5.82) vs. PLA (1.42 μmol/L; 95% CI, 1.25, 1.59) for 2-hrs. PWS+S (0.53 μmol/L; 95% CI, 0.02, 1.04) vs. PWS was also showed significance throughout testing. Conclusion: The acute ingestion of a dietary PWS containing beta alanine, creatine nitrate, arginine AKG, N-acetyl tyrosine, caffeine, and Mucuna pruriens increased serum creatine levels 2-hr post-ingestion compared to PLA and the addition of synephrine enhanced this effect.
( Sajjad Rezaei ),( Hamid Agha-alinejad ),( Mahdieh Molanouri Shamsi ),( Mahvash Jafari ),( Fabricio Azevedo Voltarelli ),( Alireza Naderi ),( Conrad Earnest ) 한국운동영양학회 2017 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.21 No.1
[Purpose] We aimed to examine the effect of running speed on metabolic responses associated with maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) in rats during forced running wheel (FRW) exercise. [Methods] Forty male adult Wistar rats were divided into seven groups. The blood lactate threshold and peak running speed were determined for an incremental power test group. Five groups participated in constant power tests at intensities 10, 13, 14.5, 16, and 17.5 m/min to determine MLSS and a non-exercise group was chosen as the control. Animals were euthanized immediately after constant power tests and their corticosterone, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), blood glucose, and creatine kinase (CK) levels analyzed. The differences among groups were identified by one-way analysis of variance (p < 0.05). [Results] Blood lactate threshold corresponded a running intensity of 15 m/min, while MLSS was determined to be 16 m/min. Serum corticosterone concentrations were significantly higher in 14.5, 16, and 17.5 m/ min groups (298.8±62, 338.3±65, and 354±26 nM, respectively) as compared to that in the control group (210.6±16 nM). Concentrations of NEFA observed in groups 13, 14.5, 16, and 17.5 m/min (662.8±24, 702.35±69, 718.4±34, and 752.8±77 μM, respectively) were significantly higher than those in 10 m/min and control groups (511.1±53 and 412.1±56 μM, respectively). The serum CK concentration recorded for group 17.5 m/min (372.4±56 U/ L) was higher than those recorded for other groups. [Conclusion] The speed above 16 m/min on FRW resulted in increased physiological demands and muscle damage in untrained healthy Wistar rats.
Majid S. Koozehchian,Amin Daneshfar,Ebrahim Fallah,Hamid Agha-alinejad,Mohammad Samadi,Mojtaba Kaviani,Maryam Kaveh B,Y. Peter Jung,Mozhgan Hassanzadeh Sablouei,Najmeh Moradi,Conrad P. Earnest,T. Jeff 한국운동영양학회 2018 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.22 No.4
[Purpose] Studies of L-carnitine in healthy athletic populations have yielded equivocal results. Further scientific-based knowledge is needed to clarify the ability of L-carnitine to improve exercise capacity and expedite the recovery process by reducing oxidative stress. This study aimed to examine the 9-week effects of L-carnitine supplementation on exercise performance, anaerobic capacity, and exercise-induced oxidative stress markers in resistance-trained males. [Methods] In a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled treatment, 23 men (age, 25±2y; weight, 81.2±8.31 kg; body fat, 17.1±5.9%) ingested either a placebo (2 g/d, n=11) or L-carnitine (2 g/d, n=12) for 9 weeks in conjunction with resistance training. Primary outcome measurements were analyzed at baseline and at weeks 3, 6, and 9. Participants underwent a similar resistance training (4 d/w, upper/lower body split) for a 9-week period. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used for statistical analysis. [Results] There were significant increases in bench press lifting volume at wk-6 (146 kg, 95% CI 21.1, 272) and wk-9 (245 kg, 95% CI 127, 362) with L-carnitine. A similar trend was observed for leg press. In the L-carnitine group, at wk-9, there were significant increases in mean power (63.4 W, 95% CI 32.0, 94.8) and peak power (239 W, 95% CI 86.6, 392), reduction in post-exercise blood lactate levels (-1.60 mmol/L, 95% CI -2.44, -0.75) and beneficial changes in total antioxidant capacity (0.18 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.07, 0.28). [Conclusion] L-carnitine supplementation enhances exercise performance while attenuating blood lactate and oxidative stress responses to resistance training.