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Seafloor terrain detection from acoustic images utilizing the fast two-dimensional CMLD-CFAR
Wang Jiaqi,Li Haisen,Do Weidong,Xing Tianyao,Zhou Tian 대한조선학회 2021 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.13 No.1
In order to solve the problem of false terrains caused by environmental interferences and tunneling effect in the conventional multi-beam seafloor terrain detection, this paper proposed a seafloor topography detection method based on fast two-dimensional (2D) Censored Mean Level Detector-statistics Constant False Alarm Rate (CMLD-CFAR) method. The proposed method uses s cross-sliding window. The target occlusion phenomenon that occurs in multi-target environments can be eliminated by censoring some of the large cells of the reference cells, while the remaining reference cells are used to calculate the local threshold. The conventional 2D CMLD-CFAR methods need to estimate the background clutter power level for every pixel, thus increasing the computational burden significantly. In order to overcome this limitation, the proposed method uses a fast algorithm to select the Regions of Interest (ROI) based on a global threshold, while the rest pixels are distinguished as clutter directly. The proposed method is verified by experiments with real multi-beam data. The results show that the proposed method can effectively solve the problem of false terrain in a multi-beam terrain survey and achieve a high detection accuracy.
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Liu, Binyuan,Li, Yang,Shin, Boo-Gyo,Yoon, Do Yeung,Kim, IL,Zhang, Li,Yan, Weidong Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2007 Journal of polymer science Part A, Polymer chemist Vol.45 No.15
<P>Three novel functionalized polynorbornenes (PNB) with pendant dimethyl carboxylate group (carboxylates—acetate, propionate, and butyrate) are synthesized as a vinyl-type with a palladium (II) catalyst in high yield. The effects of size of substitutents, molar ratio of monomer to catalyst, solvent polarity, reaction time, and temperature on the polymerization of exo-norbornene dimethyl propionate were systematically investigated. The low molar ratio and temperature, as well as high polarity of solvent, and long reaction time, are favorable for the enhancement of the monomer conversion, especially, the solvent have an obvious effect on the catalyst activity. The resulting poly(cis-norbornene-exo-2,3-dimethyl carboxylates) (PNB-dimethyl carboxylates) show good solubility in common organic solvent and high thermal stability up to 360 °C. The glass transition temperature was detected by DMA at 331, 324, and 318 °C for acetate, propionate, and butyrate, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3391–3399, 2007</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Three novel functionalized PNB-2,3-dimethyl carboxylates (carboxylates—acetate, propionate, butyrate) are synthesized as a vinyl-type with a palladium (II) catalyst in high yield. The resulting PNB-dimethyl carboxylates show good solubility in common organic and high thermal stability up to 360 °C. The glass translation temperature was determined by DMA at 331, 324, and 318 °C for PNB-dimethyl acetate, PNB-dimethyl propionate, and PNB-dimethyl, respectively.</P><P> <img src='wiley_img/0887624X-2007-45-15-POLA22091-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/0887624X-2007-45-15-POLA22091-gra001'> </P>
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