TOUGH LISTENING: A CROSS-CULTURAL EXPLORATION OF STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE LISTENING WHEN IT IS DIFFICULT

Charles M. Wood,Yuhui Gao,Nitin Joshi,Upinder Dhar,P Narayana Reddy,Santosh Dhar,Ashwini Sharma,Nicholas Wood,Xiaoning Liang,Adrien Bouchet,Jim Zboja,Theo Lynn,Graham Hunt 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

Well-developed listening skills are crucial to success in the marketing profession. Poor listening skills have been rated as the most important contributing factor to salesperson failure (Ingram et al., 1992). Listening errors can result in conflicts, missed business opportunities, alienated relationships, and a waste of time and money (Bergeron & Laroche, 2009). Recognizing the importance of effective listening, organizations such as Pfizer, Ford, IBM have introduced listening training programs for all their personnel (Shepherd et al., 1997). A number of definitions exist for “listening” (e.g., Bergeron & Laroche, 2009). From the marketing perspective, this paper adopts a well-accepted listening definition as “the cognitive process of actively sensing, interpreting, evaluating and responding to the verbal and nonverbal messages of present or potential customers” (Castleberry & Shepherd, 1993, p.36). Prior research has underscored the importance of “active listening” strategies such as active empathetic listening (Drollinger et al., 2006; Bodie, 2011); adaptive selling (Spiro & Weitz, 1990); and listening across cultures (Imhof & Janusik, 2006). However, despite its importance, neither marketing students nor professionals receive coaching or instruction for situations when listening is particularly difficult – i.e., when we are required to listen carefully to another person in the presence of hindrances to communication (distractions, inattention, poor delivery). Salespeople, students, journalists, counselors … are often faced with the task of “tough listening” - when they must listen carefully to a person that is not communicating in an interesting or engaging manner, when the environment is full of distractions, or when they as listeners are fatigued. The major hindrances to effective listening have been well documented, but extant research that addresses how people might overcome those hindrances is scant. The purpose of this paper is to explore the range of strategies that people use to improve their comprehension and empathy of others when they wish to listen carefully but find it difficult to do so. The practice of effective listening is perhaps one of the most human and fundamental components of community, commerce, and culture. Several academic disciplines such as marketing, education, communication, and psychology have closely examined the listening process in an effort to understand and improve it.

THE ROLE OF INSTANT NUTRIENT REPLENISHMENT ON PLANKTON SPECIES IN A CLOSED SYSTEM

Dhar, J.,Sharma, A.K. The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2014 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.32 No.5

In this paper, we formulate two chemostat type models of phytoplankton and zooplankton population dynamics with instant nutrient recycling to study the role of viral infection on phytoplankton. The infection is transmitted only among phytoplankton population and it makes them more vulnerable to predation by zooplankton. It is observe that the chemostat system is very stable in the absence of viral infection but the presence of viral infection make the chemostat system sensitive with respect to the grazing rate of infected-phytoplankton by zooplankton. Further, if the grazing rate is less than certain threshold the system remain stable and exhibits Hopf-bifurcation after crossing it.

Influences of nano-3Y-TZP reinforcement on phase transformation and crystallite size modification of zirconia-toughened alumina and Rietveld refinement of crystallographic data

Dhar Sajib Aninda,Sarker Saugata,Mumu Homayra Tabassum,Rashid A. K. M. Bazlur 한국세라믹학회 2023 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.60 No.2

The effects of varying amount of nano-3 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia addition on the crystal structures, mechanical, and microstructural properties of zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) composite have been investigated in this work. The ZTA specimens were prepared by different 3Y-TZP amount ranging from 9 to 18 wt.% and sintered at 1550 °C for 2 h. The densification behaviour, indentation fracture toughness, microhardness, elastic modulus, flexural strength and surface morphology of the composites have been determined and correlated with tetragonal → monoclinic phase transformation and retention of tetragonal phase. Rietveld refinement of the crystallographic data was performed to correlate the effect of zirconia addition on the phase compositions, t → m transformability and impacts on crystallite sizes and lattice parameter. The toughness and flexural strength of the composites improved significantly up to 15 wt.% YSZ addition followed by a reduction for 18 wt.%, while the hardness and elastic modulus decreased with YSZ addition. Rietveld refinement ascertains the metastable t-ZrO2 retention and thermodynamically stable m-ZrO2 transformation with increasing 3Y-TZP and subsequent enhancement in fracture toughness through transformation toughening.

The Danger-Associated Peptide PEP1 Directs Cellular Reprogramming in the Arabidopsis Root Vascular System

Dhar, Souvik,Kim, Hyoujin,Segonzac, Cecile,Lee, Ji-Young Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2021 Molecules and cells Vol.44 No.11

When perceiving microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) or plant-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), plants alter their root growth and development by displaying a reduction in the root length and the formation of root hairs and lateral roots. The exogenous application of a MAMP peptide, flg22, was shown to affect root growth by suppressing meristem activity. In addition to MAMPs, the DAMP peptide PEP1 suppresses root growth while also promoting root hair formation. However, the question of whether and how these elicitor peptides affect the development of the vascular system in the root has not been explored. The cellular receptors of PEP1, PEPR1 and PEPR2 are highly expressed in the root vascular system, while the receptors of flg22 (FLS2) and elf18 (EFR) are not. Consistent with the expression patterns of PEP1 receptors, we found that exogenously applied PEP1 has a strong impact on the division of stele cells, leading to a reduction of these cells. We also observed the alteration in the number and organization of cells that differentiate into xylem vessels. These PEP1-mediated developmental changes appear to be linked to the blockage of symplastic connections triggered by PEP1. PEP1 dramatically disrupts the symplastic movement of free green fluorescence protein (GFP) from phloem sieve elements to neighboring cells in the root meristem, leading to the deposition of a high level of callose between cells. Taken together, our first survey of PEP1-mediated vascular tissue development provides new insights into the PEP1 function as a regulator of cellular reprogramming in the Arabidopsis root vascular system.

Synthesis of Bowhead Whale Sound Using Modified Spectral Modeling

Dhar, P.K.,Cho, S.,Kim, J.-M. SPRINGER-VERLAG 2009 Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol.5754 No.-

Media, Sociality, and Aging Process A Study of Aging Process through New Media in Select Areas of Kolkata

Dhar, Debarati Center for Asian Public Opinion ResearchCollaborat 2018 Asian journal for public opinion research Vol.5 No.3

This paper seeks to interrogate the very assumption of "sociality" in social media at a conceptual level and substantiate it with the help of information collected on aged people's use of conventional media $vis-{\grave{a}}-vis$ so called "social media" from the field work. Although global literature has written the obituary of mass media and promoted the "sociality" of social media, one needs to critically engage with such statement. Such statements have been an outcome of the established status of the "post broadcast" model of media where conventional media is in existence for some time and accessible to everyone in society. Further, this paper seeks to explore the interplay of new media in the life of the aged population in select areas of Kolkata city in the state of West Bengal, India. There are few studies on the ageing population's use of new media in the Indian context. While many of the studies reveal the new media literacy among the youth, this is unimportant as both the new media and the youth are relatively young as a field of research in media studies in India. What is missed in the earlier studies is, how new media plays an important function in the life of the aged population. How do older adults engage with the skilling and deskilling process of media literacy in their everyday life? And finally, do new media provide an extension to their on-going social relations? With the help of substantive details, the present study addresses the aforementioned queries.

A new approach to working coil design for a high frequency full bridge series resonant inverter fitted contactless induction heater

Dhar, Sujit,Dutta, Biswajit,Ghoshroy, Debasmita,Roy, Debabrata,Sadhu, Pradip Kumar,Ganguly, Ankur,Sanyal, Amar Nath,Das, Soumya Techno-Press 2017 Advances in computational design Vol.2 No.4

High frequency full bridge series resonant inverters have become increasingly popular among power supply designers. One of the most important parameter for a High Frequency Full Bridge Series Resonant Inverter is optimal coil design. The optimal coil designing procedure is not a easy task. This paper deals with the New Approach to Optimal Design Procedure for a Real-time High Frequency Full Bridge Series Resonant Inverter in Induction Heating Equipment devices. A new design to experimental modelling of the physical properties and a practical power input simulation process for the non-sinusoidal input waveform is accepted. The design sensitivity analysis with Levenberg-Marquardt technique is used for the optimal design process. The proposed technique is applied to an Induction Heating Equipment devices model and the result is verified by real-time experiment. The main advantages of this design technique is to achieve more accurate temperature control with a huge amount of power saving.

Semen Quality of the Black Bengal Bucks Used at Commercial Artificial Insemination

Dhar, Ajoy Chandra,Talukder, Anup Kumar,Rahman, Mohammad Bozlur,Al-Mamun, Abdullah,Shamsuddin, Mohammed 韓國受精卵移植學會 2010 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Only an optimum number of viable spermatozoa in a frozen-thawed insemination dose can ensure conception at artificial insemination (AI). We report here the percentages of normal, abnormal and viable spermatozoa present in the frozen-thawed semen of 20 Black Bengal bucks used for commercial AI. Bucks in this experiment were of 19.3~46.1 months old and 25~42 kg body weight. Four semen straws (0.25 ml) from each buck were collected for evaluation of their kinetic parameters. Scrotal circumference was measured by using a scrotal tape, sperm motility was estimated on eye estimation and sperm concentration was determined by using a haemocytometer. Sperm morphology was studied in paraformaldehyde fixed spermatozoa under differential interference contrast (DIC) microscope. To determine the proportion of live (plasma membrane intact) spermatozoa, semen was stained with SYBR-14 and propidium iodide and examined under fluorescent microscope. Scrotal circumference, post-thaw sperm motility, sperm concentration per insemination dose and proportion of normal spermatozoa were , , million and , respectively. The percentages of spermatozoa with head shape and acrosome abnormalities were lower ( and , respectively), whereas higher percentages of abnormalities () were observed in mid piece and tail portion. The proportion of live spermatozoa was . It is concluded that although a good number of morphologically normal spermatozoa are present in the insemination dose, the proportion of live spermatozoa is low, which warrants further improvements of buck semen freezing procedures to ensure good quality at AI.

Hydrogen-based syntrophy in an electrically conductive biofilm anode

Dhar, Bipro Ranjan,Park, Jeong-Hoon,Park, Hee-Deung,Lee, Hyung-Sool Elsevier 2019 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL -LAUSANNE- Vol.359 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We experimentally and theoretically investigated implications of H<SUB>2</SUB> and a rate-limiting step in a mixed-culture biofilm anode fed with n-butyrate, one of the poorest substrates to exoelectrogens. Acetate and i-butyrate were formed as intermediates during anaerobic degradation of n-butyrate, which suggested oxidative acetogenesis of n-butyrate in syntrophy with H<SUB>2</SUB> scavengers in the biofilm anode. Methane was not detected in an anode chamber, and no current was generated in the biofilm anode using H<SUB>2</SUB> as the electron donor. These results indicated that acetogens would be a main H<SUB>2</SUB> consumer in the biofilm. Pyrosequencing data showed dominance of <I>Geobacter</I> in the biofilm anode (83.6% of total sequences), along with <I>Sphaerochaeta</I> and <I>Treponema</I>, which supports the syntrophy between exoelectrogens and acetogens. Electrical conductivity of the butyrate-fed biofilm anode was as high as 0.67 mS/cm, demonstrating that EET does not limit current density in the biofilm. In-situ monitoring of dissolved H<SUB>2</SUB> concentration proved H<SUB>2</SUB> production (up to 12.4 µM) and consumption during current generation in the biofilm, which supports significance of H<SUB>2</SUB>–based syntrophy in the electrically conductive biofilm using n-butyrate as the primary electron donor.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The electrical conductivity of the butyrate-fed biofilm was as high as 0.67 mS/cm. </LI> <LI> H<SUB>2</SUB>-based syntrophy played an important role in the electrically conductive biofilm. </LI> <LI> Aqueous H<SUB>2</SUB> concentration decreased as current increased. </LI> <LI> Acetogens (<I>Sphaerochaeta</I> and <I>Treponema</I>) were primary H<SUB>2</SUB> consumers in the biofilm. </LI> <LI> Intracellular electron transport mainly limited current in the biofilm. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

South Asian Working Action Group on SARCOpenia (SWAG-SARCO) – A consensus document

Minakshi Dhar,Nitin Kapoor,Ketut Suastika,Mohammad E. Khamseh,Shahjada Selim,Vijay Kumar,Syed Abbas Raza,Umal Azmat,Monika Pathania,Yovan Parikshat Rai Mahadeb,Sunny Singhal,Mohammad Wali Naseri,IGP S 대한골다공증학회 2022 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.8 No.2

The South Asian population is rapidly ageing and sarcopenia is likely to become a huge burden in this region if proper action is not taken in time. Several sarcopenia guidelines are available, from the western world and from East Asia. However, these guidelines are not fully relevant for the South Asian healthcare ecosystem. South Asia is ethnically, culturally, and phenotypically unique. Additionally, the region is seeing an increase in non-communicable lifestyle disease and obesity. Both these conditions can lead to sarcopenia. However, secondary sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity are either not dealt with in detail or are missing in other guidelines. Hence, we present a consensus on the screening, diagnosis and management of sarcopenia, which addresses the gaps in the current guidelines. This South Asian consensus gives equal importance to muscle function, muscle strength, and muscle mass; provides cost-effective clinical and easy to implement solutions; highlights secondary sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity; lists commonly used biomarkers; reminds us that osteo-arthro-muscular triad should be seen as a single entity to address sarcopenia; stresses on prevention over treatment; and prioritizes nonpharmacological over pharmacological management. As literature is scarce from this region, the authors call for more South Asian research guided interventions.