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Tracheary element differentiation
Taku Demura 한국식물생명공학회 2014 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.8 No.1
Differentiation of tracheary elements (TEs), characterized by formation of a visible secondary cell wall and autolysis, has been regarded as a model system for cytodifferentiation in plants. Fukuda and Komamine (Plant Physiol 65:57–60, 1980a) established an efficient experimental system for TE differentiation from isolated single mesophyll cells of Zinnia elegans. Physiological, cytological, and biochemical analyses of this system have revealed multiple aspects of TE differentiation regarding cell division, DNA synthesis, the cytoskeleton, autolysis, phytohormones, and cell wall components. In addition, molecular biological approaches have identified a number of Zinnia genes associated with TE-specific events. The knowledge obtained in the Zinnia system has beenexpanded to studies in other plants including Arabidopsis, leading to the identification of key regulators of TE differentiation.
Silk Protein : Industrial Application and Frontier Research in Japan
Makoto Demura 한국식품영양과학회 2004 한국식품영양과학회 산업심포지움발표집 Vol.- No.-
Bombyx mori silkworm larvae biosynthesize silk proteins to spin cocoon filaments. Silk proteins consist of two major proteins, fibroin and sericin. There is currently an enormous reawakening of interest in these silk proteins as natural protein/peptides and biomaterial due to their mechanical and biological properties. Novel method for determination of the crystalline structure of silk proteins in an atomic level using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was developed. Recent application of silks to biomaterials and prospects for future was discussed.
Satoshi Kato,Satoru Demura,Yuki Kurokawa,Naoki Takahashi,Kazuya Shinmura,Noriaki Yokogawa,Noritaka Yonezawa,Takaki Shimizu,Ryo Kitagawa,Hiroyuki Tsuchiya 대한재활의학회 2020 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.44 No.3
Objective To examine the efficacy and safety of an innovative, device-driven abdominal trunk muscle strengthening program, with the ability to measure muscle strength, to treat chronic low back pain (LBP) in elderly participants. Methods Seven women with non-specific chronic LBP, lasting at least 3 months, were enrolled and treated with the prescribed exercise regimen. Patients participated in a 12-week device-driven exercise program which included abdominal trunk muscle strengthening and 4 types of stretches for the trunk and lower extremities. Primary outcomes were adverse events associated with the exercise program, improvement in abdominal trunk muscle strength, as measured by the device, and improvement in the numerical rating scale (NRS) scores of LBP with the exercise. Secondary outcomes were improvement in the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) score and the results of the locomotive syndrome risk test, including the stand-up and two-step tests. Results There were no reports of increased back pain or new-onset abdominal pain or discomfort during or after the device-driven exercise program. The mean abdominal trunk muscle strength, NRS, RDQ scores, and the stand-up and two-step test scores were significantly improved at the end of the trial compared to baseline. Conclusion No participants experienced adverse events during the 12-week strengthening program, which involved the use of our device and stretching, indicating the program was safe. Further, the program significantly improved various measures of LBP and physical function in elderly participants.
( Sohee Shin ),( Shinichi Demura ),( Masato Ohno ) 한국발육발달학회 2016 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.24 No.3
본 연구의 목적은 노인의 밸런스 능력의 차이가 장애물 넘기 동작에 미치는 영향에 대해 검토하는 데 있다. 피험자는 눈뜨고 한발서기가 120초 동안 가능한 여성노인 8명 (Possible group; PG) 과 불가능한 여성노인 8명 (Impossible group; IG)을 대상으로 했다. 5 m의 보행로의 중앙에 20 cm 높이의 장애물을 설치하고 가능한 한 빨리 걷도록 지시했다. 평가국면은 장애물을 넘기 직전의 Initial contact phase와 넘을 때의 Swing phase (Lead limb 와 Trail limb)로 하고, 평가변수는 각도에 관한 7개의 변수 및 높이(지면에 대한 거리)에 관한 4개의 변수를 선택했다. Initial contact phase에서는 장애물이 없는 조건에 비해 발 앞꿈치의 높이가 낮았다. 즉, 노인들은 발 앞꿈치를 낮게해서 장애물 넘을 준비를 했던 것으로 보여 진다. Swing phase of lead limb에서는 발목, 무릎 및 고관절굴곡, 흉복부 측굴 및 고관절 내전각도에서, 그리고 무릎, 발앞꿈치, 허리의 높이에서 장애물간 주효과가 나타났다. 허리의 높이는 IG에서, 그 외 다른 평가변수는 두 그룹 모두에서 장애물 조건이 없는 조건에 비해 컸다. Swing phase of trail limb에서는 흉부 회선각도에서 유의한 상호작용이 나타났으며 그 외의 대부분의 평가변수에서 장애물간 주효과가 나타났다. 흉부 회선각도는 장애물 조건에서 PG가 IG에 비해 높은 값을 보였다. 이상으로 밸런스 능력이 뛰어난 노인은 보행 중 한발지지 시에 밸런스 유지를 쉽게 할 수 있었기 때문에 보다 안정되게 큰 보폭을 이용하여, 빠른 속도로 장애물을 넘을 수 있었지만, 밸런스 능력이 부족한 노인은 천천히 작은 보폭을 이용하는 대신 장애물을 넘기 위해 몸의 중심이나 어깨의 위치를 높게 하는 특성을 보였다.
Lee, Hye Youn,Demura, Masahiko,Xu, Y.,Wee, Dang Moon,Hirano, Toshiyuki Trans Tech Publications 2010 Advanced materials research Vol.89 No.-
<P>Evolution of surface morphology in Ni(γ)/Ni3Al(γ´) two-phase foil of binary Ni-18 at.%Al was examined during the electrochemically selective etching in the electrolyte of distilled water including 1 wt.% (NH4)2SO4 and 1 wt.% citric acid. In the early stage (0.5 h), only the γ matrix was etched and the outmost γ´ particles were protected by a preexisting surface product. As the γ matrix was etched more, the side surfaces of the outmost γ´ particles and the γ´ particles that were located inside were exposed in the electrolyte. They were dissolved, and had a high density of fine dimples. However, the dissolution rate of the γ´ particles was slower than that of the γ matrix and thus the selective etching was retained in this stage. Finally, at 5h, more γ´ particles were exposed and the flat and smooth surfaces of the outmost γ´ particles were completely eliminated by the dissolution on the side surfaces. From these observations plus the saturation of the current density observed in the electrochemical test, we concluded that the change in the surface morphology was finished at this stage. Thus, the surface became more rough and irregular, which resulted from the original two-phase microstructure and the fine dimple structure by transpassivation.</P>
Y.OHAMA,K.DEMURA,LEE,Y.S,YEON,K.S 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 1997 석재연 논문집 Vol.2 No.-
The maturity method in which the strength increase of cement concrete is expressed as a function of an integral of the curing period and temperature of the concrete has often been applied to its strength prediction. For the purpose of the application of the maturity method to the compressive strength prediction for lightweight polyester ortars using an unsaturated polyester resin as a binder, the lightweight polyester mortars with various catalyst and accelerator contents, are prepared, tested for compressive strength, and the datum temperatures for the maturity equations are estimated. The maturity is calculated by using the maturity equations with the estimated datum temperatures. The compressive strengths of the lightweight polyester mortars are predicted from the maturity-compressive strength relationships.