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Gender-Specific Effect on the Pharmacokinetics of Cyclosporine in Healthy Subjects
Min, David Ilki,Lee, Miyoung 한국병원약사회 2000 병원약사회지 Vol.17 No.3
PURPOSE: To evaluate the gender-specific effect on intravenous and oral cyclosporine (CsA) pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects. METHODS: As part of an on-going study, the pharmacokinetic data of CsA was analyzed to evaluate the gender effect on disposition of cyclosporine in healthy subjects. A total of 9 female (F) and 11 male (M) subjects participated in the study. Each subject received oral doses of CsA (5 ㎎/㎏) and one intravenous dose of CsA (1.5 ㎎/㎏) in a fasted condition, with each dose separated by at least a one-week washout period. A total of 17 blood samples were collected for a 24-hour period, and whole blood concentrations of CsA were determined by an HPLC method with UV detection. RESULTS: The mean systemic clearance (Cls) and apparent oral clearance (Cl/F) of CsA were significantly faster in F compared to M [For Cls, 283±47 ㎖/min/㎏ (F) vs. 222±32 ㎖/min/㎏ (M), p=0.0028, and for Cl/F, 825±279 ㎖/min/㎏ (F) vs. 627±90 ㎖/min/㎏ (M), p=0.0395]. The area under the curve (AUC) of Ⅳ CsA was smaller in F compared to M [5440±1045 ng.hr/㎖ (F) vs. 6813±893 ng.hr/㎖ (M), p=0.005], but when the AUC was adjusted for body weight, the differences disappeared (p=0.7). All other pharmacokinetic parameters between F and M were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: This study shows that Cls and Cl/F of CsA in female subjects were significantly faster than those in male subjects, which is consistent with the results of other CYP3A substrates.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Musculoskeletal Pain in Korean Farmers
David Min,Sora Baek,Hee-won Park,Sang-Ah Lee,Jiyoung Moon,Jae E. Yang,Ki Sung Kim,Jee Yong Kim,Eun Kyoung Kang 대한재활의학회 2016 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.40 No.1
Objective To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of musculoskeletal pain (MSK) pain in Korean farmers using initial survey data of Farmers' Cohort for Agricultural Work-Related MSK pain (FARM) study. Methods Farmers (534 females and 479 males; mean age 57.2±7.5 years) who owned or rented a farm and belonged to an agricultural cooperative unit were recruited. Presence of pain for each body part (neck, shoulder, arm/elbow, wrist/hand/finger, low back, leg/foot), and characteristics of MSK pain (prevalence, location, duration, severity, and frequency) during the last year was assessed. Additionally, demographic data such as farming duration, history of prior injury, and workload (low, moderate, somewhat hard, or hard) were collected using structured questionnaires. Results Almost all subjects (n=925; 91.3%) complained of pain in more than one body part. The frequency order was low back (63.8%), leg/foot (43.3%), shoulder (42.9%), wrist/hand/finger (26.6%), arm/elbow (25.3%), and neck (21.8%). Low back pain was more frequent in those with over 30 years of farming experience (odds ratio [OR], 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.81). MSK pain was related to history of prior injury (OR, 2.18–5.24; p<0.05) in all body parts except for leg/foot, and very hard workload was associated with low back, leg/foot, neck, shoulder, and wrist/hand/finger pain (OR, 2.88–10.83; p<0.05). Conclusion Most Korean farmers experience MSK pain; furthermore, there is a significant association between pain, history of prior injury, and workload, suggestive of the necessity of coping and preventive strategies to reduce injury or workload.
Guidance Law for Vision-Based Automatic Landing of UAV
Min, Byoung-Mun,Tahk, Min-Jea,Shim, Hyun-Chul David,Bang, Hyo-Choong The Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Scie 2007 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.8 No.1
In this paper, a guidance law for vision-based automatic landing of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is proposed. Automatic landing is a challenging but crucial capability for UAVs to achieve a fully autonomous flight. In an autonomous landing maneuver of UAVs, the decision of where to landing and the generation of guidance command to achieve a successful landing are very significant problem. This paper is focused on the design of guidance law applicable to automatic landing problem of fixed-wing UAV and rotary-wing UAV, simultaneously. The proposed guidance law generates acceleration command as a control input which derived from a specified time-to-go ($t_go$) polynomial function. The coefficient of $t_go$-polynomial function are determined to satisfy some terminal constraints. Nonlinear simulation results using a fixed-wing and rotary-wing UAV models are presented.