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de Oliveira Letícia da S.,Fonseca Lucas P.,de Souza Renato D.,Bueno Cristina de F.,Martins Lucas M.,Scalvi Luis V.A. 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.41 No.-
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is deposited on glass substrate by dripping and sol-gel-coating methods giving rise to nanostructures. When in combination with thin films of SnO2, they form a heterostructure SnO2:2 at% Eu/ rGO, which alters the surface electrical conductivity. SnO2 and rGO were also combined as a composite, with conductivity strongly affected by ultraviolet excitation, and shows persistent photoconductivity (PPC) phenomenon even very close to room temperature. Both sort o hybrid structures can be applied in electronic devices. The SnO2 films are deposited via chemical route by sol-gel or by a mixed technique that combines powders generated by drying the sol-gel solution with resistive evaporation of this powder. Resistivity measured as a function of temperature show that the SnO2:2 at%Eu sample behaves very similarly to the SnO2:2 at%Eu/rGO heterostructure sample, with the same energy level for the dominant defect, 172 meV, coincident with ionization of oxygen vacancies. Despite not changing the position of this level, the presence of rGO on the surface of the SnO2 film induces a decrease in conductivity in vacuum, demonstrating the surface interaction.
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Maito Camila Demarco,Melo Antonio Diego Brandão,Oliveira Angela Cristina da Fonseca de,Genova Jansller Luiz,Filho Jair Rodini Engracia,Macedo Renata Ernlund Freitas de,Monteiro Kelly Mazutti,Webe 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.1
Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of associating calcium butyrate with tannin extract, compared to an antimicrobial on the growth performance, incidence of diarrhea, intestinal histology, immune-expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in piglets. Methods: Seventy-two piglets (36 barrows and 36 gilts) weaned at 28±2 d and initial body weight of 7.17±1.07 kg were allocated to 3 treatments in a randomized complete block design with 8 replicates per treatment and 3 animals per experimental unit. Treatments were composed of NC, negative control: basal diet without additives; PC, positive control: basal diet + 40 mg/kg of colistin sulfate; or BT, basal diet + calcium butyrate + tannin extract. The butyrate and tannin inclusion levels were 0.15% in the pre-starter phase and 0.075% in the starter phase. Incidence of diarrhea was monitored daily, and on d 14 and 35 of experiment, 1 animal from each experimental unit was slaughtered to collect intestinal samples. Results: No significant differences were observed for growth performance. The butyrateand tannin-based additive resulted in reduced (p<0.05) incidence of diarrhea in piglets during d 1 to 14 and d 1 to 35 in comparison with the other treatments. Piglets that consumed the diet containing the calcium-butyrate and tannin showed a lower (p<0.05) crypt depth in the duodenum than those receiving the NC treatment at 14 d of experimentation. The BT treatment provided a lower (p<0.05) immune-expression of COX-2 at 14 d and TNF-α at 35 d in the duodenum. Conclusion: Association between calcium butyrate and tannin extract resulted in a significant decrease in the incidence of diarrhea and inflammatory process in the duodenum of piglets. Therefore, calcium-butyrate combined with tannin could be a part of an alternative program to reduce the use of antimicrobials in the diet of weaned piglets. Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of associating calcium butyrate with tannin extract, compared to an antimicrobial on the growth performance, incidence of diarrhea, intestinal histology, immune-expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in piglets.Methods: Seventy-two piglets (36 barrows and 36 gilts) weaned at 28±2 d and initial body weight of 7.17±1.07 kg were allocated to 3 treatments in a randomized complete block design with 8 replicates per treatment and 3 animals per experimental unit. Treatments were composed of NC, negative control: basal diet without additives; PC, positive control: basal diet + 40 mg/kg of colistin sulfate; or BT, basal diet + calcium butyrate + tannin extract. The butyrate and tannin inclusion levels were 0.15% in the pre-starter phase and 0.075% in the starter phase. Incidence of diarrhea was monitored daily, and on d 14 and 35 of experiment, 1 animal from each experimental unit was slaughtered to collect intestinal samples.Results: No significant differences were observed for growth performance. The butyrate-and tannin-based additive resulted in reduced (p<0.05) incidence of diarrhea in piglets during d 1 to 14 and d 1 to 35 in comparison with the other treatments. Piglets that consumed the diet containing the calcium-butyrate and tannin showed a lower (p<0.05) crypt depth in the duodenum than those receiving the NC treatment at 14 d of experimentation. The BT treatment provided a lower (p<0.05) immune-expression of COX-2 at 14 d and TNF-α at 35 d in the duodenum.Conclusion: Association between calcium butyrate and tannin extract resulted in a significant decrease in the incidence of diarrhea and inflammatory process in the duodenum of piglets. Therefore, calcium-butyrate combined with tannin could be a part of an alternative program to reduce the use of antimicrobials in the diet of weaned piglets.
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