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The impact of global warming on the tropical Pacific Ocean and El Niño
Collins, Mat,An, Soon-Il,Cai, Wenju,Ganachaud, Alexandre,Guilyardi, Eric,Jin, Fei-Fei,Jochum, Markus,Lengaigne, Matthieu,Power, Scott,Timmermann, Axel,Vecchi, Gabe,Wittenberg, Andrew Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2010 Nature geoscience Vol.3 No.6
Equivalent Material Properties of Thin and Thick Perforated Plate by FEM simulation
Collins Owino JUMA,Ihn NAMGUNG 대한기계학회 2018 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2018 No.12
Perforated plates are used for the steam generator tube sheet and the Reactor Vessel Closure Head in the Nuclear Power Plant. The structural integrity of these perforated structures is vital to the operation and safety of the Nuclear Power plant. ASME code addresses the analysis of perforated plates in Section III, Appendix A-8000, with triangular perforation pattern. This paper investigates the equivalent material properties by FEM methodology. Simulation of both thin and thick perforated plates and try to re-assess ASME Section III Appendix A-8000 curve. The isotropic material properties of the perforated plate were replaced with anisotropic material properties of the equivalent solid plate and subjected to same loading and boundary conditions. The difference between the deformation of the perforated and equivalent solid plate was optimized for convergence by varying the effective elastic constants. Curves of the effective elastic constants vs ligament efficiency were generated. The equivalent material property curves obtained using FEM methodology were in good agreement with the design curve provided in ASME Section. III Appendix A-8000.
( Collins Wakholi ),( Byoungkwan Cho ),( Changyeun Mo ),( Moon S. Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2015 바이오시스템공학 Vol.40 No.3
Purpose: Fruit and vegetable production is a fast-growing sector in East Africa, and it bears considerable local and international market potential. In an effort to analyze the challenges within this sector and suggest possible solutions, this study reviews the postharvest handling technologies commonly used with fruits and vegetables in East Africa. Methods: During the course of this study, small-scale farmers were identified as the most prominent producers of fruit and vegetable crops in the region. Results: We found that many of these small-scale farmers employed relative simple and inexpensive techniques in handling their limited volumes of produce. Several factors could be addressed to reduce postharvest losses, including weak policies, inferior infrastructure, and poor market strategies. However, the lack of basic knowledge (including demographic, scientific, and economic knowledge) among the stakeholders (e.g., researchers, farmers, governments, nongovernment organizations, and merchants) on how to develop, implement, use, and sustain the recommended handling technologies is probably the most problematic. Conclusions: We recommend that high priority be placed on closing the knowledge gap, which could enhance the efforts of all the stakeholders to address and reduce postharvest losses.
Collins Usunobun Inegbenosun 대한수의학회 2023 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.24 No.1
Background: Intestinal parasites in livestock cause huge economic setbacks. Moreover, these parasites can threaten human health when also present in companion animals. Objectives: The study examined the prevalence and burden of intestinal parasites among roaming/migrating animals (goats, sheep, cattle, and dogs) to provide insights into the risk of potential human parasitic infections. Methods: A total of 1,741 fecal samples from goats (n = 920), sheep (n = 335), cattle (n = 230) and dogs (n = 256) were obtained randomly across 18 local government areas in Edo State, Nigeria. The parasite samples were recovered and identified under a microscope. Molecular tools were used to identify Toxocara spp. Results: Eighteen different parasites were isolated. Among the different groups of parasites observed, nematodes occurred the most, followed by protozoans. Among nematodes, Haemonchus was most prevalent in goats (28.04%) and sheep (29.85%), while Strongyloides (10.86%) and Bunostomum (8.69%) were relatively high in cattle. Strongyloides (3.9%), hookworm (3.9%), and Toxocara (3.12%) were the predominant parasites in dogs. For protozoan parasites, Eimeria was most common in all 4 animal hosts. Several goats (2.39%) and sheep (2.38%) tested positive for Fasciola spp. Molecular analysis confirmed Toxocara canis in dogs for the first time in Nigeria. Conclusions: The major parasites recovered from these roaming/migrating animals have zoonotic potentials that can threaten human health.
Collins, Paul C.,Schnelle, Karl B.,Malaney, Jr.George W.,Tanner, Robert D. The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 1991 KSBB Journal Vol.6 No.2
The effect of wtlitc light on unaeraten growth of Baker's yeast and the accompanying ethanol production has been studied in a batch process at 27$^{\circ}C$. Over the 80-hour period of the Champagne yeast process without pH control, the cull growth was inhibited by the fluorescent light. Another observed difference between the runs is that the drop and subsequent rise in redox potential occurred much sooner in the fermentation with light than in the fermentation without light. This preliminary study indicated that ethanol production could be enhanced by light as the cell concentration is repressed. The possible pathway, shift of the sugar substrate toward ethanol and away from cells was manifested by another difference as well. As observed under the microscope, many of the yeast cells grown under light budded without dividing by the normal fission process as they did in the dark. Furthermore, the undivided and branched (light grown) cell did not agglutinate at the end of the fermentation process as did the distinct spherical (dark grown) cells.
( Collins Wakholi ),( Byoung-kwan Cho ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1
Tetrazolium (TZ) test is one of the most reliable and widely used method in research to determine seed viability. The TZ test is able approximate seed viability through determining whether a seed’s tissue is still biochemically active or not. Despite the accurate prediction of viability by germination tests, the TZ test is preferred because it is relatively quick compared to germination tests that take anywhere between days to weeks to acquire results. The objective of this study was to compare the TZ test with germination tests (proved to give a realistic picture of seed viability) results using Short wave infrared, SWIR Hyperspectral imaging, HIS data and multivariate data analysis. For this study, damage-free melon (cucumis melo) seeds were used and were randomly divided into two groups of 1000 seeds each. Hyperspectral imaging data of both groups were collected using the same settings and under same environment. One group was subjected to germination tests while the other to TZ test to determine the viability of the seeds. The performance of the multivariate classification models achieved based on germination tests and TZ test results were compared. A clear difference in the classification model performances for germination and TZ test based models were observed. The results of this study serve as a key foundation in the development of a real-time sorting system based on HSI for melon seeds.
( Collins Wakholi ),( Byoung-kwan Cho ) 한국농업기계학회 2017 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.22 No.2
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has emerged as a powerful technique in non-destructive quality and safety inspection in the food industry. This is attributed to its ability to simultaneously detect the composition (chemical, structural and functional information) and distribution of particular traits in a given sample. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology has been successfully employed in the non-destructive determination of internal quality parameters of seeds with a promise of revolutionizing industrial sorting applications. Despite the limitations, this study focuses on employing short wave-infrared (SWIR) HSI to predict the true viability of seedless water melon (citrullus lanatus) seeds. For this study, data from 1248 damage-free seeds were taken using a SWIR HSI camera (wave range 1000~2500 nm). Afterwards, the seeds were subjected to germination tests to determine their real viability. The data were modeled using multivariate data analysis methods (partial-least square discriminant analysis, PLS-DA and support vector machines, SVM) to optimally discriminate viable from non-viable seeds. Model building was done using 70% of the data, the rest were used for validation. The PLS-DA model was able to achieve the best accuracy of 74% and 72% in calibration and validation respectively. The low accuracy achieved was probably due to the complexity of modeling the natural causes of loss of seed viability or even due to the thick seed coat (deters spectral signal penetration). The future of this research will focus on improving classification accuracy and implementing the resultant model to a real-time, high-speed sorting system based on HSI detection technology.