Jurisdiction Ratione Temporis in Successive International Investment Agreements: What Can Chinese Investors Learn from the Ping An Case?

Chunlei Zhao 이준국제법연구원 2017 China and WTO Review Vol.3 No.1

Ionic liquid gating control of magnetic anisotropy in Ni0.81Fe0.19 thin films

Chunlei Li,Shishun Zhao,Ziyao Zhou,Bin Peng,Zhongqiang Hu,Ming Liu 한국물리학회 2020 Current Applied Physics Vol.20 No.7

Voltage control magnetism is one of the most energy efficient pathway towards magnetoelectric (ME) device. Ionic liquid gating (ILG) method has already shown impressive manipulation power at the IL/electrode interface to influence the structure, orbital as well as spin of the electrode materials. As key material in anisotropy magnetoresistance sensor and spin valve heterostructure, the permalloy Ni0.81Fe0.19 was utilized as the electrode to investigate the ILG induced magnetic anisotropy change. In this work, we realized magnetic anisotropy control in Au/[DEME]+[TFSI]-/Ni0.81Fe0.19 (2.5 nm)/Ta heterostructure via ILG caused electrostatic doping. This is evidenced in situ reversible ferromagnetic field (Hr) shift with electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer. Aiming at the question whether the charge accumulation at the ionic liquid interface is the main control mechanism at low voltage, we carefully tested the relationship between the change of resonance field and the amount of surface charge. It was found that these two had a good linear relationship between −1 V and +1 V. Defining the linear parameter as A whose value is 28.7 mT m2/Col. Unlike previously reported chemical regulation of Co, this article used ionic liquids to physically regulate NiFe, which has not been studied in the previous ionic liquid regulation. And NiFe has a narrower resonance line width for easy reference to microwave devices. In addition, It also has a stronger ferromagnetic signal than Co, which can be more easily detected as a sensor device. Therefore, this system is more promising. The ILG control NiFe may lead to a new kind of magnetoelectric sensor devices and path a new way to low energy consumption spintronics.

Rhizosphere Microbial Community and Metabolites of Susceptible and Resistant Tobacco Cultivars to Bacterial Wilt

Zhao Wan,Li Yanyan,Yang Chunlei,Yang Yong,Hu Yun 한국미생물학회 2023 The journal of microbiology Vol.61 No.4

Soil-borne diseases are closely related to rhizosphere microecosystem. While, plant species and genotypes are important factors affected rhizosphere microecosystem. In this study, the rhizosphere soil microbial community and metabolites of susceptible and resistant tobacco cultivars were investigated. The results showed that there were significant differences in the rhizosphere microbial community and metabolites between susceptible cultivar Yunyan87 and resistant cultivar Fandi3. Furthermore, the rhizosphere soil of Fandi3 showed a higher microbial diversity than that of Yunyan87. The abundance of R. solanacearum was much higher in the rhizosphere soil of Yunyan87 than in the rhizosphere soil of Fandi3, resulting in a higher disease incidence and index. While the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of Fandi3 were higher than that of Yunyan87. Additionally, there were significant differences in metabolites between Yunyan87 and Fandi3 cultivars, and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid, vamillic aldehyde, benzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and phthalic acid were notably high in Yunyan87. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the rhizosphere microbial community of Fandi3 and Yunyan87 were highly correlated with various environmental factors and metabolites. Overall, susceptible and resistant tobacco cultivars had different impact on rhizosphere microbial community and metabolites. The results expand our understanding of the roles of tobacco cultivars in plant-micro-ecosystem interactions, and provide a basis for the control of tobacco bacterial wilt.

Anti-Wind-Erosion Characteristics and Key Influencing Factors of Bryophytic Biological Soil Crusts

Chongfeng Bu,Chunlei Zhao,Yongsheng Yang,Peng Zhang,Shufang Wu 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Experimental Study on Dynamic Interaction between Large U-Shape Aqueduct and Water

Haibo Wang,Chunlei Li,Lijun Zhao 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.26 No.3

Hydrodynamic interaction between water and structure plays an important role in the evaluation of seismic response of aqueducts in area of high seismicity. This interaction differs in axial, lateral and vertical direction of aqueduct. Both impulsive and convective effects of water exist in lateral direction. In presented study, shaking table tests were conducted with a1/10 model of U-shape aqueduct, of 30 m long, to study the hydrodynamic interaction. With the analyses of aqueduct and water responses to stationary White Noise excitations as well as non-stationary excitations, impulsive and convective effects of water were deduced quantitatively. Characteristic frequencies and corresponding modes of aqueduct were identified with the transfer functions of acceleration, sloshing frequencies in lateral direction were recognized with the transfer functions of seat force. Impulsive mass was deduced from the alteration in fundamental frequency and the corresponding modal seat forces of the aqueduct with and without water. Convective mass was obtained from the wave height of sloshing and lateral seat forces recorded, or the lateral modal seat force and damping ratio. Comparison was made with those given in simplified methods for rigid structure. Observed hydrodynamic pressure on the structure in the test was smaller than that based on the rigid assumption.

Investigation on characteristics of pulverized coal dense-phase pneumatic conveying under high pressure

Chen Xiaoping,Fan Chunlei,Liang Cai,Pu Wenhao,Lu Peng,Zhao Changsui 한국화학공학회 2007 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.24 No.3

of dense-phase pneumatic conveying of pulverized coal were carried out in a test facility witha conveying pressure up to 4 MPa. The influence of fluidization nitrogen flow rate, the flow rate of supplementarysolid mass flow rate was investigated. Test results indicate that with the increase in fluidization nitrogen flow rate, thesolid mass flow rate increases, and the solids to gas ratio increases at first and then declines. When the fluidization ofpulverized coal in the sending vessel becomes intensive, with the increase in supplementary nitrogen flow rate, thesolids to gas ratio declines and the solid mas flow rate increases. And the solid mass flow rate increases linearly withthe increase in presure diference between two hoppers. The experimental results provide a database for the design

Flow characteristics and dynamic behavior of dense-phase pneumatic conveying of pulverized coal with variable moisture content at high pressure

Liang Cai,Chen Xiaoping,Zhao Changsui,Pu Wenhao,Lu Peng,Fan Chunlei 한국화학공학회 2009 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.26 No.3

Experiments of dense-phase pneumatic conveying of pulverized coal using nitrogen were performed in an experimental test facility with the conveying pressure up to 4MPa and the solid-gas ratio up to 500 kg/㎥. The influences of the total conveying differential pressure, the moisture content, the superficial velocity and the pressure on the mass flow rate and the solid-gas ratio were investigated. Shannon entropy analysis of pressure fluctuation time series was developed to reveal the flow characteristics. Based on the distribution of the Shannon entropy in the different conditions, the flow stability and the evolutional tendency of Shannon entropy in different regimes and the regime transition processes were obtained. The results indicate that the solid gas ratio and Shannon entropy rise with increase in the total conveying differential pressure. A phase diagram and Shannon entropy reveal preferable regularity with superficial velocity. Shannon entropy is different for the different flow regimes, and it can be used to identify the flow regimes. As the moisture content increases, the mass flow rate, the pressure drop and Shannon entropy decrease. Shannon entropy rises with increase in pressure drop.

Changes in structure of coal liquefied pitch during liquid‑phase carbonization process

Yaming Zhu,Xuefei Zhao,Ji Yuan,Chunlei Zhao,Chaoshuai Hu 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.1

residue as the raw material. As one of the preconceived raw material to produce high-quality coal-based carbon material, the changes of structure of CLP during liquid-phase carbonization process have been detailed investigated in this study. Actually, FTIR and curve-fitted method were used to quantitative analyze the aromaticity index (Iar), the ratio of CH3/ CH2, and basic functional groups (C=C, C=O, and C–O) of CLP and its liquid-phase carbonization products. Polarizing microscope, XRD and curve-fitted methods were used to characterize the microstructures of CLP and derived products. The results show that, branched chain and C=O group are the active reaction point in liquid-phase carbonization process. What’s more, 450 °C is a critical temperature point on the severe thermal polycondensation of CLP. The XRD and curve-fitted analysis of CLP and its liquid-phase carbonization products shows that, the stacking height (Lc), parallel layers (N), and the numbers of aromatic ring in each layer (n) are gradually larger with the improve of liquid-phase carbonization temperature.

Two New Bithiophenes Derivatives Multielectrochromic Copolymer Based on Triphenylamine Unit and Their Application for Electrochromic Devices

Yan Zhang,Lingqian Kong,Xuezhong Liu,Chunlei Wang,Jinsheng Zhao 대한화학회 2016 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.37 No.8

Two monomers including 4,4′,4″-tris(3-methoxythiophene-2-yl)triphenylamine (M1) and 4,4′,4″-tris(3,4-dimethoxythiophene-2-yl)triphenylamine (M2) with triphenylamine as their core were synthesized and the corresponding polymers were obtained by electrochemical polymerization. Their electrochemical properties were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, UV–Vis, and cyclic voltammetry. It was found that the two polymers had reversible redox behavior with the different color change under the applied potentials. Both the polymers displayed high switching efficiency and optical contrast. Moreover, the corresponding electrochromic devices (ECDs) employing the synthesized polymers and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) were constructed. The spectroelectrochemical experiments illustrated that the ECDs exhibited fast response time, reasonable optical contrast, favorable optical memories, and redox stability.

Isolation and characterization of heat-responsive gene TaGASR1 from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Liyuan Zhang,Xiaoli Geng,Haiyan Zhang,Chunlei Zhou,Aiju Zhao,Fei Wang,Yue Zhao,Xuejun Tian,Zhaorong Hu,Mingming Xin,Yingyin Yao,Zhongfu Ni;Qixin Sun,Qixin Sun,Huiru Peng 한국식물학회 2017 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.60 No.1

GA-stimulated transcript (GAST) family genes have been identified in numerous plant species. In this paper, we isolated and characterized a heat-responsive gene, TaGASR1, from heat tolerant variety TAM107. The complete ORF of TaGASR1 was cloned, which encoded a 98-kDa protein, and the sequence shared 51.52% similarity to OsGASR1. Analysis of the TaGASR1 promoter region showed that it contained a heat shock element (HSE) and several cis-elements involved in abiotic stress response and hormone signal transduction. Expression patterns of TaGASR1 revealed that it was strongly induced by stress factors, such as high temperature, drought, high salinity and oxidation, as well as the phytohormones, including MeJA, ACC and ABA, which suggested the TaGASR1 gene might participate in these stress and hormone signal transduction pathways. Transient expression of TaGASR1-GFP fusion proteins in onion epidermal cells indicated that TaGASR1 protein was localized to the cell membrane or cytosol. Further analysis showed that ectopic expression of TaGASR1 in Arabidopsis enhanced thermotolerance and reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after heat stress. Moreover, we also found that TaGASR1-overexpressing wheat improved tolerance to heat stress and oxidative stress.