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An Efficient Multicast Routing Algorithm for Packet-Switched Networks
Chung, Sung-Jin,Hong, Sung-Pil,Park, Bum Hwan 한국경영과학회 1998 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.2
This paper has a dual purpose. First, we consider a relaxation algorithm which seems to be particularly suitable for multicasting routing problems. We show that the algorithm has polynomial complexity. Second, to measure the quality of solutions in comparison to the optimal solutions over a wide range of network sizes for which the computation of the optimal costs is too excessive, we also propose a random graph generation scheme in which an asymptotic lower bound on the expected optimal cost can be computed as a function of network node size.
Sung, Pil Soo,Choi, Hee Baeg,Kim, Su-Yeon,Hong, Sung Woo,Park, Chung-Hwa,Song, Myeong Jun,Lee, Sung Won,Yoo, Chan Ran,Choi, Sang Wook,Han, Nam Ik,Kim, Tai-Gyu,Yoon, Seung Kew The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2011 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.26 No.11
<P>Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in innate immunity, especially in the response to viral infections, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV). Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are the primary receptors of NK cells that mediate innate immunity. KIRs are also involved in acquired immunity, because some KIRs are expressed on the surface of certain subsets of T cells. In this study, the frequency of KIR genes, <I>HLA-C</I> allotypes, and combinations of KIR genes with their <I>HLA-C</I> ligands were evaluated in two different groups of the Korean population: controls and patients with chronic HCV infection. The study population consisted of 147 Korean patients with chronic HCV infection. The frequency of KIR2DS2 in patients with chronic HCV infection was 9.5% which was significantly lower than 19.5% of the control (<I>P</I> < 0.01). However, there were no significant differences in the frequency of other KIR genes, <I>HLA-C</I> allotypes or different combinations of KIR genes with their <I>HLA-C</I> ligands. This study can contribute to the further prospective study with a larger scale, suggesting the assumption that <I>KIR2DS2</I> might aid in HCV clearance by enhancing both the innate and acquired immune responses of people in Korea.</P>
( Pil Soo Sung ),( Jeewon Lee ),( Seon-hui Hong ),( Woo Jin Chung ),( Eui-cheol Shin ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1
Aims: Acute hepatitis A (AHA) which is caused by hepatits A virus (HAV) infection is accompanied by severe liver injury in adult patients. In particular, CXCL10 recruits CXCR3-expressing T cells such as cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and helper 1 CD4+ T cells, therefore, contributes to liver injury. Although HAV is known to induce a minimal interferon (IFN) response in the infected liver, it strongly evokes the production of CXCL10 in the early stage of infection with unknown mechanisms. Herein, we investigated the mechanism how HAV infection induces the production of CXCR3 and CCR5 chemokines. Methods: Primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) and HepG2 cells were infected with HM-175/18f HAV virus. To identify the signal pathways of chemokine production, silencing signal molecules downstream of RIG-I-like receptors or neutralization of secreted interferon (IFN) was performed. Eleven serum samples of AHA patients and those of healthy controls were collected, and CXCL10, CCL4, and CCL5 levels were determined. Results: The production of CXCL10, CCL4 and CCL5 was markedly increased by HAV infection in the culture of PHHs and HepG2 cells. CXCL10 was induced in HAV-infected cells, not in neighboring uninfected cells. Moreover, these chemokines were significantly increased in the sera of acute hepatitis A patients. The production of IFN-λs was also robustly induced by HAV infection, and the blocking of secreted IFN-λs partially abrogated the production of CCL4 and CCL5 in HAV-infected cells. However, CXCL10 production was not decreased by the blocking of IFN-λ. Instead, CXCL10 production was reduced by silencing the expression of RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signal molecules, such as mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein and interferon regulatory factor 3, in HAV-infected cells. Conclusions: HAV infection strongly induces the production of helper 1 T cell-associated chemokines, particularly CXCL10 via RLR signaling, even without secreted IFNs.
Chung, Eui-Ryong,Shin, Sung-Chul,Heo, Jae-Pil Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2011 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.31 No.4
Biological or physiological genes that regulate metabolism and energy partitioning have the potential to influence economically important traits such as carcass and meat quality traits in beef cattle. The neuropeptide Y (NPY) functions as a central appetite stimulator and plays a major role in feed intake and energy-balance control. Therefore, the NPY gene is an excellent biological and physiological candidate gene for body weight, feeding, fatness or growth related traits in beef cattle. The objective of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NPY gene and to evaluate the association of NPY SNP markers with carcass and meat quality traits in Korean cattle. The genomic region (711 bp) including intron 2 of NPY gene was amplified and sequenced, and five SNPs, g.4389 Del(C), g.4371Del(C), g.4271T>C, g.1899A>G and g.1517A>C, were identified. The PCR-RFLP method was then developed to genotype the individuals examined. The g.4271T>C SNP was significantly associated with M. Longissimus dori area (LDA) value (p<0.027). Animals with the TT ($78.144{\pm}0.950\;cm^2$) genotype had higher LDA than those with the CC ($72.266{\pm}2.039\;cm^2$), and animals with TC genotype showed intermediate value. This SNP genotype also showed a highly significant additive genetic effect for the LDA (p<0.01). No significant associations, however, was detected between any of the SNP genotype and other carcass traits measured in this study. In conclusion, SNP genotype of the NPY gene may be used as DNA markers to select animals that have a higher meat yield.
Usefulness of Measuring Serum Procalcitonin Levels in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Chung, Sook Hee,Lee, Hye Won,Kim, Seung Won,Park, Soo Jung,Hong, Sung Pil,Kim, Tae Il,Kim, Won Ho,Cheon, Jae Hee Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2016 Gut and Liver Vol.10 No.4
<P><B>Background/Aims</B></P><P>The relationships between serum procalcitonin, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and intestinal Behçet’s disease (BD) have not been completely determined. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of measuring serum procalcitonin levels to assess disease activity and infection stage in patients with IBD and intestinal BD.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 129 patients with IBD and intestinal BD for whom serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured between January 2006 and February 2013.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The median serum procalcitonin levels in the IBD and intestinal BD with septic shock or sepsis (n=8), with localized infection (n=76), and without infection (n=45) were 3.46 ng/mL (range, 0.17 to 63.66 ng/mL), 0.22 ng/mL (range, 0.05 to 140.18 ng/mL), and 0.07 ng/mL (range, 0.00 to 31.50 ng/mL), respectively (p=0.001). The serum CRP levels in the IBD and intestinal BD patients did not differ according to the infection stage. Variations in serum procalcitonin levels were not observed in the IBD and intestinal BD patients with different disease activities.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Serum procalcitonin levels may not be affected by IBD and intestinal BD activity itself, although they may be affected by concomitant infection. Serum procalcitonin measurements could be more useful than CRP in determining the infection stage that reflects the severity of infection in IBD and intestinal BD patients.</P>