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Choi Hye Ryeon,Choi Sun Hyung,Hong Namki,Rhee Yumie,Kim Jin Kyong,Lee Cho Rok,Kang Sang-Wook,Lee Jandee,Jeong Jong Ju,Nam Kee-Hyun,Chung Woong Youn 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.13
Background: Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (NPHPT) was first described in 2008. It is defined as consistently elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels with normal serum calcium (sCa) concentration, after excluding secondary causes of PTH elevation. However, the exact definition and management strategy for NPHPT remain controversial. We retrospectively investigated the clinicopathological features and short-term outcomes of NPHPT patients. Methods: A total of 280 patients who were surgically indicated for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) at the Yonsei Severance Medical Center between 2015 and 2019 were included. Patients were classified according to preoperative PTH, corrected sCa, and ionized calcium (iCa) levels as follows: typical primary hyperparathyroidism (TPHPT, elevated PTH, sCa, and iCa, n = 158) and NPHPT (elevated PTH, normal sCa, n = 122). Results: NPHPT was commonly seen in younger individuals (aged < 50 years, P = 0.025); nephrolithiasis and bone fractures were common. Preoperative PTH level was higher in the TPHPT group (P < 0.001). The NPHPT group had higher numbers of multiple parathyroid lesions (P = 0.004) that were smaller (P = 0.011). NPHPT patients were further divided into two subgroups according to iCa levels: the elevated (n = 95) and normal iCa (n = 27) groups. There was no significant difference between the two subgroups regarding symptoms and multiplicity of lesions. Conclusion: We found that NPHPT may be a heterogeneous disease entity of PHPT with high rates of multi-gland disease, which appears to be biochemically milder but symptomatic. Intraoperative PTH monitoring might help increase the surgery success rate. Moreover, the short-term outcomes of NPHPT after surgery did not differ from that of TPHPT.
Polymer Thin Film–Induced Tumor Spheroids Acquire Cancer Stem Cell–like Properties
Choi, Minsuk,Yu, Seung J.,Choi, Yoonjung,Lee, Hak R.,Lee, Eunbeol,Lee, Eunjung,Lee, Yumi,Song, Junhyuk,Son, Jin G.,Lee, Tae G.,Kim, Jin Y.,Kang, Sukmo,Baek, Jieung,Lee, Daeyoup,Im, Sung G.,Jon, Sangyo American Association for Cancer Research 2018 Cancer Research Vol.78 No.24
<P>A new cell culture technology enables highly tumorigenic 3D spheroids to be easily generated from various cancer cell sources in the common laboratory.</P><P><B></B></P><P>Although cancer stem cells (CSC) are thought to be responsible for tumor recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy, CSC-related research and drug development have been hampered by the limited supply of diverse, patient-derived CSC. Here, we present a functional polymer thin film (PTF) platform that promotes conversion of cancer cells to highly tumorigenic three-dimensional (3D) spheroids without the use of biochemical or genetic manipulations. Culturing various human cancer cells on the specific PTF, poly(2,4,6,8-tetravinyl-2,4,6,8-tetramethyl cyclotetrasiloxane) (pV4D4), gave rise to numerous multicellular tumor spheroids within 24 hours with high efficiency and reproducibility. Cancer cells in the resulting spheroids showed a significant increase in the expression of CSC-associated genes and acquired increased drug resistance compared with two-dimensional monolayer-cultured controls. These spheroids also exhibited enhanced xenograft tumor-forming ability and metastatic capacity in nude mice. By enabling the generation of tumorigenic spheroids from diverse cancer cells, the surface platform described here harbors the potential to contribute to CSC-related basic research and drug development.</P><P><B>Significance:</B></P><P>A new cell culture technology enables highly tumorigenic 3D spheroids to be easily generated from various cancer cell sources in the common laboratory.</P>
Choi, Yumi,Goto, Tomotsugu,Yoon, Suk-Jin Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol.395 No.2
<P>ABSTRACT</P><P>Strong Balmer absorption lines and the lack of Hα and [O <SMALL>II</SMALL>] emission lines signify that E+A galaxies are post-starburst systems. Recent studies suggest that E+As may undergo the transition from the ‘blue cloud’ to the ‘red sequence’ and eventually migrate to red-sequence early-type galaxies. An observational validation of this scenario is to identify the intervening galaxy population between E+As and the red sequence. Motivated by recent findings with Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) that an unexpectedly large fraction of early-type galaxies exhibit ultraviolet (UV) excess (i.e. blue UV – optical colours) as a sign of recent star formation (RSF), we investigate the possible connection of the UV-excess galaxies to E+As. In particular, we examine the Fundamental Plane (FP) scaling relations of the currently largest sample of ∼1000 E+As selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and ∼20 000 morphologically selected SDSS early-type galaxies with GALEX UV data. The FP parameters, combined with stellar population indicators, reveal a certain group of UV-excess early types that bridge between E+As and quiescent red galaxies. The newly identified galaxies are the post-starburst systems characterized by UV-excess but no Hα emission. This is essentially a conceptual generalization of ‘E+A’, in that the Balmer absorption line in the ‘E+A’ definition is replaced with UV – optical colours that are far more sensitive to RSF than the Balmer lines. We refer to these UV-excess galaxies as ‘E+a’ galaxies (named after ‘E+A’), which stand for elliptical (‘E’) galaxies with a minority of A-type (‘a’) young stars. The species are either (1) galaxies that experienced starbursts weaker than those observed in E+As (1 ∼ 10 per cent of E+As, ‘mild E+As’) or (2) the products of passively evolved E+As after quenching star formation quite a while ago (∼1 Gyr, ‘old E+As’). We suggest that the latter type of E+a galaxies (i.e. old ‘E+As’) represents the most recent arrival to the red sequence in the final phase of the E+A to red early-type transition.</P>