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최창원 ( Choi¸ Changwon ) 산업진흥원 2021 산업진흥연구 Vol.6 No.1
齊白石是20世紀中國近代多產的、深刻影響現代中國國畫的大師。其用一生的勤奮與追求將中國傳統文人畫的發展帶入到了世界藝術的殿堂。齊白石先生的畫作風格迥異, 內涵豐富, 有充滿童心、童趣的《芭蕉群雛圖》, 雖筆稚墨拙卻情趣盎然。也有樸實老成的《牡丹》暮年之作, 蒼勁有力, 動人心弦。還有諷刺現世, 批駁醜惡的《不倒翁》, 發人深省。當然, 最為值得去研究的還是齊白石先生的山水畫, 他的山水畫, 超越了其所在的時代, 在中國現代山水畫變革中具有獨特的歷史價值, 他是20世紀中國山水畫變革的開拓者之一。在本文中, 通過對齊白石先生的山水畫作的研究整理, 發現齊白石先生山水畫的特點, 以及其超越時代之處. Qi Baishi is a prolific master of modern Chinese painting in the 20th century and a profound influence on modern Chinese painting. With a lifetime of diligence and pursuit,he brought the development of traditional Chinese literati painting to the palace of world art. Qi Baishi's paintings have very different styles and rich connotations. There is a childlike "Plantain Crowd",which is childish but full of interest. There is also a simple and old-fashioned "Peony" in the late years,vigorous and powerful,moving heartstrings. There is also the irony of the present world,refuting the ugly "Tumbler",which is thought-provoking. Of course,the most worthy of study is Qi Baishi's landscape paintings. His landscape paintings surpassed their era and have unique historical value in the transformation of modern Chinese landscape painting. He was one of the pioneers of the transformation of Chinese landscape painting in the 20th century. In this article,through the research and collation of Qi Baishi's landscape paintings,the characteristics of Qi Baishi's landscape paintings and their surpassing of the times are discovered.
Structural insights on ATP hydrolysis-driven mechanical work of AAA+ hexamers
Changwon Kim,Sang-Hyun Rah,Tae-Young Yoon 한국구조생물학회 2017 Biodesign Vol.5 No.1
N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) and ClpX are homo-hexameric proteins of the AAA+ (ATPases Associated with diverse cellular Activities) family. Using ATP, NSF recycles SNARE complexes following membrane fusion, while ClpX unfolds and translocates proteins through its pore. However, their molecular mechanisms were unclear until recently. NSF efficiently disassembles a SNARE complex using ATP that were bound before SNARE binding, by changing from a ‘split washer’ to a ‘flat washer’ conformation. ClpX utilizes numerous ATP binding and hydrolyses for translocation. Structural studies of ClpX show that two of the six ATP sites are unloadable. Hence, in ClpX, it is believed ATP hydrolyses occur in pairs and in symmetric motifs to work. Overall, NSF follows a spring loaded model, while ClpX follows a power-stroke model - showing that even for proteins that belong to the same family and that have similar structures, functions and models of action can be very different.