Development of a Molecular Marker Linked to the A4 Locus and the Structure of HD Genes in Pleurotus eryngii

( Song Hee Lee ),( Asjad Ali ),( Byeongsuk Ha ),( Min-keun Kim ),( Won-sik Kong ),( Jae-san Ryu ) 한국균학회 2019 Mycobiology Vol.47 No.2

Allelic differences in A and B mating-type loci are a prerequisite for the progression of mating in the genus Pleurotus eryngii; thus, the crossing is hampered by this biological barrier in inbreeding. Molecular markers linked to mating types of P. eryngii KNR2312 were investigated with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA to enhance crossing efficiency. An A4-linked sequence was identified and used to find the adjacent genomic region with the entire motif of the A locus from a contig sequenced by PacBio. The sequence-characterized amplified region marker 7-2₂₉₉ distinguished A4 mating-type monokaryons from KNR2312 and other strains. A BLAST search of flanked sequences revealed that the A4 locus had a general feature consisting of the putative HD1 and HD2 genes. Both putative HD transcription factors contain a homeodomain sequence and a nuclear localization sequence; however, valid dimerization motifs were found only in the HD1 protein. The ACAAT motif, which was reported to have relevance to sex determination, was found in the intergenic region. The SCAR marker could be applicable in the classification of mating types in the P. eryngii breeding program, and the A4 locus could be the basis for a multi-allele detection marker.

Nucleus-Selective Expression of Laccase Genes in the Dikaryotic Strain of Lentinula edodes

( Byeongsuk Ha ),( Sieun Lee ),( Sinil Kim ),( Minseek Kim ),( Yoon Jung Moon ),( Yelin Song ),( Hyeon-su Ro ) 한국균학회 2017 Mycobiology Vol.45 No.4

In mating of Lentinula edodes, dikaryotic strains generated from certain monokaryotic strains such as the B2 used in this study tend to show better quality of fruiting bodies regardless of the mated monokaryotic strains. Unlike B2, dikaryotic strains generated from B16 generally show low yields, with deformed or underdeveloped fruiting bodies. This indicates that the two nuclei in the cytoplasm do not contribute equally to the physiology of dikaryotic L. edodes, suggesting an expression bias in the allelic genes of the two nuclei. To understand the role of each nucleus in dikaryotic strains, we investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in laccase genes of monokaryotic strains to reveal nuclear origin of the expressed mRNAs in dikaryotic strain. We performed reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) analysis using total RNAs extracted from dikaryotic strains (A5B2, A18B2, and A2B16) as well as from compatible monokaryotic strains (A5, A18, and B2 for A5B2 and A18B2; A2 and B16 for A2B16). RT-PCR results revealed that Lcc1, Lcc2, Lcc4, Lcc7, and Lcc10 were the mainly expressed laccase genes in the L. edodes genome. To determine the nuclear origin of these laccase genes, the genomic DNA sequences in monokaryotic strains were analyzed, thereby revealing five SNPs in Lcc4 and two in Lcc7. Subsequent sequence analysis of laccase mRNAs expressed in dikaryotic strains revealed that these were almost exclusively expressed from B2-originated nuclei in A5B2 and A18B2 whereas B16 nucleus did not contribute to laccase expression in A2B16 strain. This suggests that B2 nucleus dominates the expression of allelic genes, thereby governing the physiology of dikaryons.

Molecular analysis of <i>B</i> mating type diversity in <i>Lentinula edodes</i>

Ha, Byeongsuk,Moon, Yoon Jung,Song, Yelin,Kim, Sinil,Kim, Minseek,Yoon, Cheol-Won,Ro, Hyeon-Su Elsevier 2019 Scientia horticulturae Vol.243 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Pheromone and pheromone receptor genes in <I>B</I> mating type locus constitute <I>B</I> mating type of fungi belonging to Basidiomycota. In <I>Lentinula edodes</I>, multiple <I>B</I> mating types have been suggested based on genome sequence analysis and mating assay. Here we report finding of new alleles of pheromones (<I>phb</I>s) and pheromone receptors (<I>rcb</I>s) to constitute five alleles of <I>rcb1</I> (<I>rcb1-1</I>∼<I>rcb1-5</I>) with nine associated <I>phbs</I> in <I>Bα</I> sublocus and three alleles of <I>rcb2</I> (<I>rcb2-1</I>∼<I>rcb2-3</I>) with five associated <I>phbs</I> in <I>Bβ</I> sublocus. Each <I>rcb</I> was primarily associated with two <I>phbs</I>. Each <I>phb</I>-<I>rcb</I> pair was recurrently discovered as a distinct unit in various monokarytotic and dikaryotic strains, regardless of subloci. This allowed us to propose 15 <I>B</I> mating types through combinations of five <I>Bα</I> and three <I>Bβ</I> subloci. PCR analyses with primer sets probing alleles of <I>rcb1</I> and <I>rcb2</I> demonstrated that all monokaryotic strains contained one of the five <I>rcb1</I>s and one of the three <I>rcb2</I>s representing <I>Bα</I> and <I>Bβ</I> subloci, respectively, thereby enabling designation of their <I>B</I> mating types via combinations of <I>Bα</I> and <I>Bβ</I>. PCR analyses also revealed the presence of one or two alleles of <I>rcb1</I> and <I>rcb2</I> representing <I>B</I> mating type of each nuclei in dikaryotic cytoplasm. Further investigation of 111 dikaryotic strains, including 83 cultivated and 28 wild strains collected from East Asia, revealed that <I>B8</I> and <I>B11</I> mating types constructed by <I>rcb1-3</I> + <I>rcb2-2</I> and <I>rcb1-4</I> + <I>rcb2-2</I>, respectively, were more prevalent in cultivated strains. In <I>B</I> mating type pairs representing each nucleus in dikaryons, <I>B2B12</I>, <I>B4B8</I>, and <I>B8B11</I> were frequently occurring pairs in cultivated strains while none of them was found in wild strains. Such prevalence indicates that certain nuclei have been preferentially selected in the generation of cultivated strains. Our findings shed new light on the construction of <I>B</I> mating type in <I>L. edodes</I> and provide practical tools in the breeding of new cultivars.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The <I>B</I> mating type locus of <I>L. edodes</I> consists of multiallelic pheromone and receptor genes. </LI> <LI> 5 <I>rcb1</I>s and 3 <I>rcb2</I>s constitute <I>Bα</I> and <I>Bβ</I> subloci, respectively, with 14 <I>phb</I>s. </LI> <LI> Each <I>rcb</I> pairs with distinct <I>phb</I>(s) and thus found as a <I>phb-rcb</I> unit in sublocus. </LI> <LI> Combinatorial assortment of <I>Bα</I> and <I>Bβ</I> subloci generates fifteen <I>B</I> mating types. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Reliability estimation for ultrasonic transducer by voltage accelerated life test

Chulhee Kim,Bochul Kang,Byeongsuk Song 대한전자공학회 2008 ICEIC:International Conference on Electronics, Inf Vol.1 No.1

As the income level was improved, the demand of humidifiers is increased. So the reliability of ultrasonic transducer which is the main part of humidifiers is very important too. To verify the reliability of ultrasonic transducers which were made of two kinds of material (TiN anodizing and Cr plating), voltage accelerated life test was performed . According to the data of failure time, PDF(Probability Density Function) and B10 life time were derived. As a result, TiN Anodizing material has better reliability than Cr plating material. Also failure analysis was performed using optical microscope and SEM. By the proper implementation, it is assumed that the same failure in field will be not occurred

내정전기방전 관점에서의 BLDC 모터 설계신뢰성 연구

한창운(Changwoon Han),황순미(Soon-mi Hwang),송병석(Byeongsuk Song) 대한기계학회 2007 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2007 No.10

The reliability of two differently-designed BLDC motors are investigated and compared to choose one of them for the fan application in a home appliance. A series of reliability tests are conducted to the BLDC motors including high temperature storage, low temperature storage, temperature cycling, humidity test, vibration test, drop test, and electrostatic discharge (ESD) test according to IEC 61000-4-2. Both of the BLDC motors don’t show any significant degradation of their characteristics after tests except ESD test. After ESD test, one type of motors shows 100% immunity but another type of motor shows 35% of failure. To investigate the cause of the failure in ESD test, a commercial ESD simulation program is used in modeling the two types of motors in electric overstress environment. Simulation results explain the vulnerable design for ESD in a BLDC motor and suggest that the design of controlling module in BLDC motor affects significantly ESD immunity.

솔더 유한요소모델의 크립 특성 검증

한창운(Changwoon Han),박노창(Nohchang Park),오철민(Chulmin Oh),홍원식(Wonsik Hong),송병석(Byeongsuk Song) 대한기계학회 2009 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2009 No.5

Heat sink system for a main board in a network computer is built on printed circuit board by an anchor structure, mounted by eutectic SnPb solder. Constant high temperature condition in the computer keeps solder creeping and makes it failed eventually. To calculate the stress and predict the life of soldered anchor in the station, FE model is used. In the model, Anand constitutive equation is employed to simulate creep characteristics of solder. Creep tests are conducted to verify and calibrate the solder model. A special jig is designed to mitigate the flexure of printed circuit board and to get the creep deformation of solder only in the test. Test results are compared with analysis and calibration is conducted on Anand model's constants. Calibrated Anand model represents the creep characteristics of SnPb solder accurately and, as a result, can perform life prediction of the solder precisely in creep condition.

SnPb 솔더에 대한 유한요소모델의 크리프 특성 검증

한창운(Changwoon Han),박노창(Nohchang Park),오철민(Chulmin Oh),홍원식(Wonsik Hong),송병석(Byeongsuk Song) 대한기계학회 2010 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.34 No.1

본 논문에서는 네트워크 서버용 컴퓨터 주기판 내 장착된 열방열 시스템 지지구조물에 대한 유한요소 모델의 솔더 크리프 특성을 검증하였다. 열방열 시스템은 앵커 구조물로 지지되며 앵커 구조물은 솔더를 이용하여 인쇄회로기판에 장착된다. 컴퓨터 내 발생하는 지속적인 고온환경 하에서 솔더의 크리핑이 발생하고 이는 궁극적으로 지지구조물의 파괴로 이어진다. 유한요소모델은 솔더에 발생하는 응력분석과 수명예측을 위해 사용되며, 솔더 크리프 특성을 모사하기 위하여 Anand 크리프 모델을 적용하였다. 모델을 검증하고 교정하기 위하여 크리프 시험을 수행하였다. 시험은 인쇄회로기판의 변형을 제외한 솔더 변형만을 측정하기 위하여 특별한 지그를 설계하여 수행하였다. 크리프 시험결과를 유한요소해석결과와 비교하여 Anand 크리프 모델을 검증하고 교정을 수행하였다. 교정된 유한요소모델을 이용하여 열방열 시스템 구조물의 보다 정확한 수명 예측을 수행할 수 있다. The heat sink system for a main board in a network server computer is built on printed circuit board by an anchor structure, mounted by eutectic SnPb solder. The solder creeping is caused by a constant high temperature condition in the computer and it eventually makes fatal failures. The FE model is used to calculate the stress and predict the life of soldered anchor in the computer. In the model, Anand constitutive equation is employed to simulate creep characteristics of solder. The creep test is conducted to verify and calibrate the solder model. A special jig is designed to mitigate the flexure of printed circuit board and to get the creep deformation of solder only in the test. Test results are compared with analysis and calibration is conducted on Anand model’s constants. Precise life prediction of soldered anchor in creep condition can be performed by this model