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- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Bentham, Adam R. (검색결과 4 건)
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Zhou, Bin,Bentham, James,Di Cesare, Mariachiara,Bixby, Honor,Danaei, Goodarz,Cowan, Melanie J,Paciorek, Christopher J,Singh, Gitanjali,Hajifathalian, Kaveh,Bennett, James E,Taddei, Cristina,Bilano, Ve Elsevier 2017 The Lancet Vol.389 No.10064
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure.</P> <P><B>Findings</B></P> <P>We pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19·1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127·0 mm Hg (95% credible interval 125·7–128·3) in men and 122·3 mm Hg (121·0–123·6) in women; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78·7 mm Hg (77·9–79·5) for men and 76·7 mm Hg (75·9–77·6) for women. Global age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24·1% (21·4–27·1) in men and 20·1% (17·8–22·5) in women in 2015. Mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and Asia Pacific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. Mean blood pressure also decreased in women in central and eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and, more recently, central Asia, Middle East, and north Africa, but the estimated trends in these super-regions had larger uncertainty than in high-income super-regions. By contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in east and southeast Asia, south Asia, Oceania, and sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015, central and eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, and south Asia had the highest blood pressure levels. Prevalence of raised blood pressure decreased in high-income and some middle-income countries; it remained unchanged elsewhere. The number of adults with raised blood pressure increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1·13 billion in 2015, with the increase largely in low-income and middle-income countries. The global increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure is a net effect of increase due to population growth and ageing, and decrease due to declining age-specific prevalence.</P> <P><B>Interpretation</B></P> <P>During the past four decades, the highest worldwide blood pressure levels have shifted from high-income countries to low-income countries in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa due to opposite trends, while blood pressure has been persistently high in central and eastern Europe.</P> <P><B>Funding</B></P> <P>Wellcome Trust.</P>
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Analysis of Failure Mechanisms during Powder Compaction
Wu Chuan-Yu,Bentham A.C.,Mills A. 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1
Capping mechanisms during the compaction of pharmaceutical powders were explored. Both experimental and numerical investigations were performed. For the experimental study, an X-ray Computed Microtomography system has also used to examine the internal failure patterns of the tablets produced using a compaction simulator. Finite element (FE) methods have also been used to analyse the powder compaction. The experimental and numerical studies have shown that the shear bands developed at the early stage of unloading appear to be responsible for the occurrence of capping. It has also been found that the capping patterns depend on the compact shape.
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Multiple functional self-association interfaces in plant TIR domains
Zhang, Xiaoxiao,Bernoux, Maud,Bentham, Adam R.,Newman, Toby E.,Ve, Thomas,Casey, Lachlan W.,Raaymakers, Tom M.,Hu, Jian,Croll, Tristan I.,Schreiber, Karl J.,Staskawicz, Brian J.,Anderson, Peter A.,Soh National Academy of Sciences 2017 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.114 No.10
<P>The self-association of Toll/interleukin-1 receptor/resistance protein (TIR) domains has been implicated in signaling in plant and animal immunity receptors. Structure-based studies identified different TIR-domain dimerization interfaces required for signaling of the plant nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) L6 from flax and disease resistance protein RPS4 from Arabidopsis. Here we show that the crystal structure of the TIR domain from the Arabidopsis NLR suppressor of npr1-1, constitutive 1 (SNC1) contains both an L6-like interface involving helices alpha D and alpha E (DE interface) and an RPS4-like interface involving helices alpha A and alpha E (AE interface). Mutations in either the AE- or DE-interface region disrupt cell-death signaling activity of SNC1, L6, and RPS4 TIR domains and full-length L6 and RPS4. Self-association of L6 and RPS4 TIR domains is affected by mutations in either region, whereas only AE-interface mutations affect SNC1 TIR-domain self-association. We further show two similar interfaces in the crystal structure of the TIR domain from the Arabidopsis NLR recognition of Peronospora parasitica 1 (RPP1). These data demonstrate that both the AE and DE self-association interfaces are simultaneously required for self-association and cell-death signaling in diverse plant NLRs.</P>
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Evidence of electron neutrino appearance in a muon neutrino beam
Abe, K.,Abgrall, N.,Aihara, H.,Akiri, T.,Albert, J. B.,Andreopoulos, C.,Aoki, S.,Ariga, A.,Ariga, T.,Assylbekov, S.,Autiero, D.,Barbi, M.,Barker, G. J.,Barr, G.,Bass, M.,Batkiewicz, M.,Bay, F.,Bentham American Physical Society 2013 PHYSICAL REVIEW D - Vol.88 No.3
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