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The Economic Security System in the Conditions of the Powers Transformation
Arefieva, Olena,Tulchynska, Svitlana,Popelo, Olha,Arefiev, Serhii,Tkachenko, Tetiana International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.7
In the article, the authors investigate the economic security system in the conditions of the powers transformation. It is substantiated that economic security acts as a certain system that includes components and at the same time acts as a subsystem of the highest order. It is determined that the economic security system of regions acting as a system has its subsystems, which include: production, financial, environmental, innovation, investment and social subsystems. The parameters of the economic security system include relative economic independence, economic stability and self-development of economic systems, and it is proved that an important feature of economic security in addition to its systemic nature is multi-vector. It is substantiated that the monitoring of ensuring the economic security system of the development of economic systems of different levels in the conditions of the powers transformation should contain the analysis of social, economic and ecological development of regions; spheres of possible dangers of the development of regional economic systems; the nature of the threats; the degree of the possibility of threats; time perspective of economic development threats; possible consequences of losses for economic entities; the impact of threats to the object of the economic entities' activity; possible asymmetry of economic development of regional economic entities. Possible threats as a consequence of the powers transformation have been identified. A PEST analysis of the impact of factors of different nature on economic security and the development of regional economic systems in the powers transformation is carried out. A recurrent ratio is proposed for the economic security system in the conditions of the powers transformation.
ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF LIGHT NUCLEI IN COSMIC RAYS: RESULTS FROM AMS-01
Aguilar, M.,Alcaraz, J.,Allaby, J.,Alpat, B.,Ambrosi, G.,Anderhub, H.,Ao, L.,Arefiev, A.,Arruda, L.,Azzarello, P.,Basile, M.,Barao, F.,Barreira, G.,Bartoloni, A.,Battiston, R.,Becker, R.,Becker, U.,Be IOP Publishing 2011 The Astrophysical journal Vol.736 No.2
<P>The variety of isotopes in cosmic rays allows us to study different aspects of the processes that cosmic rays undergo between the time they are produced and the time of their arrival in the heliosphere. In this paper, we present measurements of the isotopic ratios H-2/He-4, He-3/He-4, Li-6/Li-7, Be-7/(Be-9+Be-10), and B-10/B-11 in the range 0.2-1.4 GeV of kinetic energy per nucleon. The measurements are based on the data collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, AMS-01, during the STS-91 flight in 1998 June.</P>
Cosmic-ray positron fraction measurement from 1 to 30 GeV with AMS-01
AMS-01 Collaboration,Aguilar, M.,Alcaraz, J.,Allaby, J.,Alpat, B.,Ambrosi, G.,Anderhub, H.,Ao, L.,Arefiev, A.,Azzarello, P.,Baldini, L.,Basile, M.,Barancourt, D.,Barao, F.,Barbier, G.,Barreira, G.,Bat North-Holland Pub. Co 2007 Physics letters: B Vol.646 No.4
A measurement of the cosmic ray positron fraction e<SUP>+</SUP>/(e<SUP>+</SUP>+e<SUP>-</SUP>) in the energy range of 1-30 GeV is presented. The measurement is based on data taken by the AMS-01 experiment during its 10 day Space Shuttle flight in June 1998. A proton background suppression on the order of 10<SUP>6</SUP> is reached by identifying converted bremsstrahlung photons emitted from positrons.
RELATIVE COMPOSITION AND ENERGY SPECTRA OF LIGHT NUCLEI IN COSMIC RAYS: RESULTS FROM AMS-01
Aguilar, M.,Alcaraz, J.,Allaby, J.,Alpat, B.,Ambrosi, G.,Anderhub, H.,Ao, L.,Arefiev, A.,Arruda, L.,Azzarello, P.,Basile, M.,Barao, F.,Barreira, G.,Bartoloni, A.,Battiston, R.,Becker, R.,Becker, U.,Be IOP Publishing 2010 The Astrophysical journal Vol.724 No.1
A search for flaring very-high-energy cosmic γ-ray sources with the L3+C muon spectrometer
Achard, P.,Adriani, O.,Aguilar-Benitez, M.,van den Akker, M.,Alcaraz, J.,Alemanni, G.,Allaby, J.,Aloisio, A.,Alviggi, M.G.,Anderhub, H.,Andreev, V.P.,Anselmo, F.,Arefiev, A.,Azemoon, T.,Aziz, T.,Bagna Elsevier 2006 Astroparticle physics Vol.25 No.5
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The L3+C muon detector at the CERN electron–positron collider, LEP, is used for the detection of very-high-energy cosmic γ-ray sources through the observation of muons of energies above 20, 30, 50 and 100GeV. Daily or monthly excesses in the rate of single-muon events pointing to some particular direction in the sky are searched for. The periods from mid July to November 1999, and April to November 2000 are considered. Special attention is also given to a selection of known γ-ray sources. No statistically significant excess is observed for any direction or any particular source.</P>
Compton scattering of quasi-real virtual photons at LEP
Achard, P.,Adriani, O.,Aguilar-Benitez, M.,Alcaraz, J.,Alemanni, G.,Allaby, J.,Aloisio, A.,Alviggi, M.G.,Anderhub, H.,Andreev, V.P.,Anselmo, F.,Arefiev, A.,Azemoon, T.,Aziz, T.,Bagnaia, P.,Bajo, A.,Ba Elsevier 2005 Physics letters: B Vol.616 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Compton scattering of quasi-real virtual photons, γ<SUP>e±</SUP>→γ<SUP>e±</SUP>, is studied with 0.6 fb<SUP>−1</SUP> of data collected by the L3 detector at the LEP <SUP>e+</SUP><SUP>e−</SUP> collider at centre-of-mass energies s=189–209 GeV. About 4500 events produced by the interaction of virtual photons emitted by <SUP>e±</SUP> of one beam with <SUP>e∓</SUP> of the opposite beam are collected for effective centre-of-mass energies of the photon–electron and photon–positron systems in the range from <SUP>s′</SUP>=35 GeV up to <SUP>s′</SUP>=175 GeV, the highest energy at which Compton scattering was ever probed. The cross sections of the γ<SUP>e±</SUP>→γ<SUP>e±</SUP> process as a function of <SUP>s′</SUP> and of the rest-frame scattering angle are measured, combined with previous L3 measurements down to <SUP>s′</SUP>≃20 GeV, and found to agree with the QED expectations.</P>
Measurement of the running of the electromagnetic coupling at large momentum-transfer at LEP
Achard, P.,Adriani, O.,Aguilar-Benitez, M.,Alcaraz, J.,Alemanni, G.,Allaby, J.,Aloisio, A.,Alviggi, M.G.,Anderhub, H.,Andreev, V.P.,Anselmo, F.,Arefiev, A.,Azemoon, T.,Aziz, T.,Bagnaia, P.,Bajo, A.,Ba Elsevier 2005 Physics letters: B Vol.623 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The evolution of the electromagnetic coupling, <I>α</I>, in the momentum-transfer range 1800 <SUP>GeV2</SUP><−<SUP>Q2</SUP><21600 <SUP>GeV2</SUP> is studied with about 40 000 Bhabha-scattering events collected with the L3 detector at LEP at centre-of-mass energies s=189–209 GeV. The running of <I>α</I> is parametrised as: [FORMULA OMISSION] where <SUB>α0</SUB>≡α(<SUP>Q2</SUP>=0) is the fine-structure constant and C=1 corresponds to the evolution expected in QED. A fit to the differential cross section of the <SUP>e+</SUP><SUP>e−</SUP>→<SUP>e+</SUP><SUP>e−</SUP> process for scattering angles in the range |cosθ|<0.9 excludes the hypothesis of a constant value of <I>α</I>, C=0, and validates the QED prediction with the result: [FORMULA OMISSION] where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.</P>
Z-boson production with two unobserved, back-to-back, hard photons at LEP
Achard, P.,Adriani, O.,Aguilar-Benitez, M.,Alcaraz, J.,Alemanni, G.,Allaby, J.,Aloisio, A.,Alviggi, M.G.,Anderhub, H.,Andreev, V.P.,Anselmo, F.,Arefiev, A.,Azemoon, T.,Aziz, T.,Bagnaia, P.,Bajo, A.,Ba Elsevier 2005 Physics letters: B Vol.613 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The double-radiative process <SUP>e+</SUP><SUP>e−</SUP>→Zγγ→qq¯γγ where the two hard photons escape detection at low polar angles into opposite directions, is studied in 0.62 fb<SUP>−1</SUP> of data collected with the L3 detector at LEP at centre-of-mass energies between 188.6 and 209.2 GeV. The cross sections are measured and found to be consistent with the Standard Model expectations.</P>
Search for an invisibly-decaying Higgs boson at LEP
Achard, P.,Adriani, O.,Aguilar-Benitez, M.,Alcaraz, J.,Alemanni, G.,Allaby, J.,Aloisio, A.,Alviggi, M.G.,Anderhub, H.,Andreev, V.P.,Anselmo, F.,Arefiev, A.,Azemoon, T.,Aziz, T.,Bagnaia, P.,Bajo, A.,Ba Elsevier 2005 Physics letters: B Vol.609 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A search for a Higgs boson produced in <SUP>e+</SUP><SUP>e−</SUP> collisions in association with a Z boson and decaying into invisible particles is performed. Data collected at LEP with the L3 detector at centre-of-mass energies from 189 to 209 GeV are used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.63 fb<SUP>−1</SUP>. Events with hadrons, electrons or muons with visible masses compatible with a Z boson and missing energy and momentum are selected. They are consistent with the Standard Model expectations. A lower limit of 112.3 GeV is set at 95% confidence level on the mass of the invisibly-decaying Higgs boson in the hypothesis that its production cross section equals that of the Standard Model Higgs boson. Relaxing this hypothesis, upper limits on the production cross section are derived.</P>