Comparison of Resistance Level to Cotton leaf curl virus(CLCuV) Among Newly Developed Cotton Mutants and Commercial Cultivars

Akhtar, Khalid P.,Khan, Azeem I.,Hussain, M.,Khan, M.S.I. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2002 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.18 No.4

Four newly developed cotton mutants (M-111, M-7662, M-358 and M-218) were compared for their resistance against Cotton leaf curl virus(CLCuV) together with commercial resistant (CIM-443, CIM-482, CIM-473, FH-900 and FH-901) and susceptible (5-12) varieties by artificial inoculation through grafting and under natural field conditions. Infectivity and success of grafting were 100% in all cases. None of the grafted plants were found immune or asymptomatic. All the grafted mutants and most of their single plant progeny rows (SPPRs) showed highly resistant responses as the symptoms displayed by these mutants were milder than the commercial cultivars. Grafted mutants also had delayed disease reactions as they took more time (25-30 days) to produce disease symptoms, as compared with resistant commercial varieties that produced disease 18-22 days after inoculation. Growth of the grafted SPPRs of tested mutants was normal, which is an indication that there will be no production losses. Observations under natural infestation of whitefly showed that two SPPRs of M-ll/CE and M-7662-1/2 and one resistant variety CIM-443 exhibited slight incidence of disease, while one SPPR of M-l1/59 and S-12 were moderately susceptible and highly susceptible with 21% and 97.l% disease incidence, respectively. This study also showed that plants displaying more disease symptoms through grafting were easily infected under natural conditions. These results suggest that preference should be given to those plants that exhibited highly resistant responses after artificial inoculation.

Comparison of Resistance Level to Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV)Among Newly Developed Cotton Mutants and Commercial Cultivars

KhalidP.Akhtar,AzeemI.Khan,M.Hussain 한국식물병리학회 2002 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.18 No.4

Four newly developed cotton mutants (M-111, M-7662, M-358 and M-218) were compared for their resistance against Cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) together with commercial resistant (CIM-443, CIM-482, CIM-473, FH-900 and FH-901) and susceptible (S-12) varieties by artificial inoculation through grafting and under natural field conditions. Infectivity and success of grafting were 100% in all cases. None of the grafted plants were found immune or asymptomatic. All the grafted mutants and most of their single plant progeny rows (SPPRs) showed highly resistant responses as the symptoms displayed by these mutants were milder than the commercial cultivars. Grafted mutants also had delayed disease reactions as they took more time (25-30 days) to produce disease symptoms, as compared with resistant commercial varieties that produced disease 18-22 days after inoculation. Growth of the grafted SPPRs of tested mutants was normal, which is an indication that there will be no production losses. Observations under natural infestation of whitefly showed that two SPPRs of M-11/CE and M-7662-1/2 and one resistant variety CIM-443 exhibited slight incidence of disease, while one SPPR of M-11/59 and S-12 were moderately susceptible and highly susceptible with 21% and 97.1% disease incidence, respectively. This study also showed that plants displaying more disease symptoms through grafting were easily infected under natural conditions. These results suggest that preference should be given to those plants that exhibited highly resistant responses after artificial inoculation.

Iron-nickel co-doped ZnO nanoparticles as scaffold for field effect transistor sensor: Application in electrochemical detection of hexahydropyridine chemical

Kim, Eun-Bi,Ameen, Sadia,Akhtar, M. Shaheer,Shin, Hyung Shik Elsevier 2018 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.275 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe) co-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles, Zn<SUB>0.97</SUB>Fe<SUB>0.01</SUB>Ni<SUB>0.02</SUB>O NPs, were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and used for the fabrication of a highly sensitive, reliable and reproducible field effect transistor (FET) sensor for the detection of hexahydropyridine chemical. The highly dense spherical NPs of well-defined crystalline structure of the typical wurtzite hexagonal phase were obtained. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirmed the synthesis of Zn<SUB>0.97</SUB>Fe<SUB>0.01</SUB>Ni<SUB>0.02</SUB>O NPs. The highly accessible FET-sensor was fabricated by depositing Zn<SUB>0.97</SUB>Fe<SUB>0.01</SUB>Ni<SUB>0.02</SUB>O NPs on SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/Si substrate and the sensing performances were measured towards the detection of different concentrations of hexahydropyridine chemical. Zn<SUB>0.97</SUB>Fe<SUB>0.01</SUB>Ni<SUB>0.02</SUB>O NPs modified FET-sensor showed the high sensitivity of ∼62.28 μA μM<SUP>−1</SUP> cm<SUP>-2</SUP> and the good detection limit of ∼79 μM with correlation coefficient (R) of ∼0.96405 and a short response time (10 s) towards hexahydropyridine chemical.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ni and Fe co-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), Zn<SUB>0.97</SUB>Fe<SUB>0.01</SUB>Ni<SUB>0.02</SUB>O NPs, are synthesized. </LI> <LI> Zn<SUB>0.97</SUB>Fe<SUB>0.01</SUB>Ni<SUB>0.02</SUB>O NPs modified FET-sensor is fabricated towards the detection of hexahydropyridine chemical. </LI> <LI> A high sensitivity of ∼62.28 μA μM<SUP>−1</SUP> cm<SUP>-2</SUP> is obtained. </LI> <LI> FET-sensor shows a good detection limit of ∼79 μM with correlation coefficient (R) of ∼0.96405. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Electrochemical detection of resorcinol chemical using unique cabbage like ZnO nanostructures

Ameen, Sadia,Kim, Eun-Bi,Akhtar, M. Shaheer,Shin, Hyung Shik North-Holland 2017 Materials letters Vol.209 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Cabbages like zinc oxide nanostructures (C-ZnO NSs) were synthesized by low temperature hydrothermal method and applied as an electrode for the detection of resorcinol chemical via electrochemical sensor. The morphological characterizations revealed that small sheets were arranged into a cabbage like morphology which possessed well-crystalline nature with typical hexagonal wurtzite phase. The FTIR and XPS analysis deduced that the synthesized C-ZnO NSs were of good crystal quality with fewer defects. As working electrode, the reasonable sensitivity of ∼1.98μA·μM<SUP>−1</SUP>·cm<SUP>−2</SUP> with the detection limit of ∼5.89μM and correlation coefficient (R) of ∼0.9766 were recorded by the synthesized C-ZnO NSs electrode.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Unique cabbage like zinc oxide nanostructures (C-ZnO NSs) are synthesized. </LI> <LI> C-ZnO NSs are applied as electrode for chemical sensor to detect the resorcinol chemical. </LI> <LI> Several small sheets are arranged to form a cabbage like morphology. </LI> <LI> C-ZnO NSs electrode presents reasonable sensitivity with good LOD. </LI> </UL> </P>

Fuel Cell Based on Novel Hyper-Branched Polybenzimidazole Membrane

Changzhi Liu,Sher Bahadar Khan,이민주,김광인,Kalsoom Akhtar,한학수,Abdullah M. Asiri 한국고분자학회 2013 Macromolecular Research Vol.21 No.1

A novel hyper-branched polybenzimidazole (HB-PBI) has been synthesized and efficiently utilized as a conducting polymer for the fabrication of an efficient high temperature fuel cell. The developed fuel cell showed outstanding proton conductivity (0.168 Scm-1 at 150 ºC) along with excellent single cell performance, displaying a maximum power density of 0.346 Wcm-2. The HB-PBI has been synthesized by polymerization of bibenzimidazole diterephthalic acid (BBIDTA) and 3,3'-diaminobenzene in the presence of poly phosphoric acid while the BBIDTA was synthesized by treating trimellitic anhydride with 3,3'-diaminobenzene. Both HB-PBI and BBIDTA were structurally characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR). HB-PBI showed high thermal stability and mechanical properties, findings that were corroborated by thermogravimetric analysis and use of a universal testing machine. Additionally, proton conduction and the thermal and mechanical properties of HB-PBI were compared with polybenzene imidazole (m-PBI), and found that HB-PBI has higher proton conducting, thermal and mechanical properties.

Influence of Soil and Forage Minerals on Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Parturient Haemoglobinuria

Akhtar, M.Z.,Khan, A.,Sarwar, M.,Javaid, A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.3

The present study was carried out to investigate the serum minerals profile in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) suffering from parturient haemoglobinuria (PHU) along with minerals profile of soils and fodders from the disease prone areas and their interrelationships. Serum samples were collected from 60 each of healthy and PHU affected buffaloes randomly selected from field cases. Serum samples were collected from each animal. Fifty composite soil samples were collected where PHU was prevalent. Fifty samples of fodders including leaves and stems being fed to the diseased buffaloes were collected. The difference in the levels of calcium and potassium between upper and lower soil surface of disease prone areas under study were statistically non-significant. The mean values of phosphorous, copper, iron, selenium and molybdenum in upper soil surface were significantly (p<0.05) higher than in lower soil surface. None of the fodders offered to the diseased animals met the dietary requirements of phosphorus and copper whereas none of the fodders was deficient in potassium, iron and selenium rather were having excess of potassium, iron and selenium. The concentration of calcium was adequate in lucerne, berseem, sarson and sorghum, while maize, sugarcane and wheat straw did not meet the required levels for dairy animals. Molybdenum contents in all fodders were adequate to meet the dietary requirements of the dairy buffaloes. Serum phosphorus, copper and selenium were significantly (p<0.001) lower whereas potassium, iron and molybdenum in buffaloes suffering from PHU were significantly (p<0.001) higher than in healthy buffaloes. It was concluded that phosphorous deficient soils play a major role by transferring this deficiency to plants and ultimately reaching to animals where hypophosphataemia is a consistent finding.

Thermally grown ZnO nanosheets for high efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells.

Akhtar, M Shaheer,Hyung, Jung-Hwan,Yang, O-Bong,Cho, Nam-Kyu,Hwang, Hak-In,Lee, Sang-Kwon American Scientific Publishers 2010 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.10 No.5

<P>High efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated using ZnO nanosheet electrodes. ZnO nanosheets were synthesized on top of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass using Zn(OAc)2 as a precursor in the gold catalyzed chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method at a temperature of 800-900 degrees C. The synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Typical DSSCs with ZnO nanosheets achieved moderately good conversion efficiency eta of approximately 2.12% with short-circuit current density J(SC) = 3.56 mA/cm2, open-circuit voltage V(OC) = 0.831 V, and fill factor FF = 71%. The high J(SC) and eta are attributed to high dye absorption through high surface ZnO nanosheets, which increased the light harvesting. The lower recombination rate was also observed in the ZnO nanosheet electrodes, resulting in high values of V(OC) and FF in the DSSCs.</P>

Preparation of graphene-coated anodic alumina substrates for selective molecular transport

Akhtar Sultan,Ali Sadaqat,Kafiah Feras M.,Ibrahim Ahmed,Matin Asif,Laoui Tahar 한국탄소학회 2020 Carbon Letters Vol.30 No.1

In this paper, we report graphene composite membranes prepared by transfer of a layer of chemical vapor deposition graphene onto porous anodic alumina (AA) substrates with nominal pore size 20 and 30 nm, referred as 20AA and 30AA. The coated and uncoated substrates were characterized using optical and electron microscopy techniques. The bare substrates exhibited a smooth surfaces with a well-organized array of hexagonal pores, displaying an average pore size of 17±3 (20AA) and 23±3 nm (30AA). The scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses confrmed the successful transfer of graphene layer onto the target substrates. The molecular transport study was performed by introducing 0.5 M potassium chloride (KCl) and deionized water in a Side-bi-Side Franz difusion cell. The graphene/20AA specimen blocked 66% ions transport, and graphene/30AA membrane about 64%. The ions blockage exceeded 90%, near the characteristics of defect�free graphene when the defects of the transferred graphene were sealed with Nylon 6,6. The results of this study suggest the potential use of graphene on AA substrates for water desalination and gas purifcation applications.

ZnO Nanorod-TiO₂-Nanoparticulate Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Akhtar, M. Shaheer,Hyung, Jung-Hwan,Kim, Tae-Hong,Yang, O-Bong,Lee, Sang-Kwon IOP Publishing 2009 Japanese journal of applied physics Vol.48 No.12

전자선 조사를 통한 염료감응형 태양전지의 분해 연구

Akhtar, M.Shaheer,Lee, Hyun-Cheol,Min, Chun-Ji,Khan, M.A.,Kim, Ki-Ju,Yang, O-Bong 한국신재생에너지학회 2006 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.06

The effect of electron beam irradiation on dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has been studied to examine degradation of DSSC. The high-energy electron beam irradiation affects on the materials and performance of dye sensitized solar cells. We have checked the effects of electron beam irradiation of TiO₂ substrate with and without dye adsorption on the photovoltaic performances of resulting DSSCS and also studied the structural and electrical properties of polymers after irradiation. All solar cells materials were irradiated by electron beams with an energy source of 2MeV at different dose rates of 60 kGy, 120 kGy 240 kGy and 900 kGy and then their photoelectrical parameters were measured at 1 sun (100 mW/cm²). It was shown that the efficiency of DSSC was decreased as increasing the dose of e-beam irradiation due to lowering in TiO₂ crystallinity, decomposition of dye and oxidation of FTO glasses. On the other hand, the performance of solid-state DSSC with polyethylene oxide based electrolyte was improved after irradiation of e-beam due to enhancement of its conductivity and breakage of crosslinking.