CCTV 이미지와 CNN 딥러닝을 이용한 농업용수로 수위 계측

김귀훈 ( Kwihoon Kim ),명우호 ( Wooho Myoung ),김마가 ( Maga Kim ),윤푸른 ( Pureun Yoon ),방재홍 ( Jehong Bang ),최진용 ( Jin-yong Choi ) 한국농공학회 2021 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2021 No.-

Dynamic Auditor Competition and Audit Quality in the United States

( Ahrum Choi ),( Jeong-bon Kim ),( Yoonseok Zang ) 한국회계학회 2020 會計學硏究 Vol.45 No.2

Regulators and audit market participants have concerned that less competitive audit market makes auditors to reduce the incentives to conduct high-quality audits. While a few studies examine the effect of competition in the U.S. local audit markets, they report conflicting evidence using the static Herfindahl index which is arguably noisy in capturing the intensity of competition. The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence on the effect of dynamic auditor competition in local audit markets on audit quality. For this purpose, we employ a measure to capture the dynamic nature of audit market competition: the proportion of clients switching auditors in the local market. Employing this measure, we find evidence suggesting a positive relation between auditor competition and audit quality and that the relation is stronger in large MSAs and for clients whose relative importance to audit office is smaller. This paper adds to the competition-audit quality literature by utilizing dynamic measures of audit market structure. In addition, the findings in this paper provide important evidence in response to the regulatory concerns that low competition is harmful to audit quality in a sense that it can cause auditor complacency and less rigorous audit procedures.

The Joint Effect of Audit Quality and Legal Regime on the Use of Real Earnings Management: International Evidence

Ahrum Choi,Jong-Hag Choi,Byungcherl Charlie Sohn 한국산업경영학회 2013 한국산업경영학회 발표논문집 Vol.2013 No.4

This study investigates whether and how a firm’s real earnings management (REM) activities are influenced by the strength of a country’s legal regime, and then examines whether the role of Big 4 auditors to constrain REM is different between countries with strong and weak legal regimes. Using 36,927 firm-year observations from 25 countries across the world, we find that the intensity of REM increases as a country’s legal regime strengthens because more firms switch from accrual-based earnings management (AEM) to REM, suggesting a substitutive relation between AEM and REM. We find, however, that this increased use of REM in countries with stronger legal regimes is less pronounced for the clients of Big 4 auditors than for those of non-Big 4 auditors. These findings suggest that the high-quality audit service provided by Big 4 auditors reduces the client firms’ tendency to use REM, especially in countries with a strong legal regime.

감사법인 강제교체제도 도입을 둘러싼 논란: 현황파악 및 선행연구의 발견에 대한 문헌검토와 정책제언

최아름 ( Ahrum Choi ),선우혜정 ( Catherine Heyjung Sonu ),최종학 ( Jong Hag Choi ) 한국회계학회 2014 회계저널 Vol.23 No.6

This study reviews prior literature to assess what we currently know about the mandatory audit firm rotation policy and to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of implementing the policy. The effect of implementing the mandatory audit firm rotation policy is a topical issue since regulators are considering the revival of this policy, which was in effect from 2003 to 2011 in Korea. Our research on the current status of adoption of similar policy in 69 different countries reveals that only 28 out of the 69 countries adopted the mandatory audit firm rotation policies and a much greater number of countries have instead mandated the rotation of audit partner, rather than audit firm. Summarizing the research on the effect of long auditor tenure, we find that there is no relation between auditor tenure and audit quality or some evidence showing that longer tenure leads to lower audit quality. However, there is also a flurry of evidence that contradicts this view. Specifically, the evidence suggests that mandating audit firm rotation may result in limiting auditor’s opportunities in accumulating knowledge about a specific client, therefore, leading to lower audit quality and even impaired auditor independence. Further, a closer look at prior studies reveals that, overall, longer auditor tenure leads to improved audit quality, measured by various proxies. We also find that the results using auditor independence in appearance as a proxy for audit quality is inconclusive. Taken together, it is plausible that implementing a mandatory audit firm rotation, which leads to shorter auditor tenure in general, comes at the cost of deteriorating audit quality. In contrast, prior studies using Korean setting suggest that mandatory auditor designation may have positive effects on audit quality. Our findings have implications for policy makers and academicians.

카카오페이 경영진의 스톡옵션 행사와 주식매도 사례

최아름 ( Ahrum Choi ),최선화 ( Sunhwa Choi ) 한국회계학회 2023 회계저널 Vol.32 No.3

조세는 개인과 기업의 의사결정에 중요한 영향을 미친다 (Scholes et al. 2014). 조세의 영향이 적절히 고려되지 못한 계약의 경우 사후적으로 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 본 사례에서는 2021년 사회적으로 큰 파장을 불러일으킨 사건인 카카오페이 경영진의 스톡옵션행사와 주식매도 사례를 조세 관점에서 분석한다. 카카오페이의 대표이사를 포함한 8명의 경영진은 유가증권시장 상장 후 한 달 만에 스톡옵션으로 취득한 주식을 모두 매도하여 거액의 차익을 실현하였다. 이후 카카오페이의 주가가 크게 하락하였고, 이 사건은 최고경영진의 도덕적 해이 또는 ‘먹튀’ 사건으로 큰 논란이 되었다. 이 사건이 시사하는 바는 다양하지만, 본 사례에서는 이 사건을 조세관점에 초점을 맞추어 살펴보고자 한다. 즉, 스톡옵션의 행사와 주식처분에 대한 과세제도를 이해하고 나면, 경영진의 이와 같은 의사결정에 ‘세금’이 중요한 고려사항이었다는 것을 추론해 볼 수 있다. 투자자들이 조세 관련 사항들을 잘 알고 있었다면, 경영진의 이러한 행동을 어느 정도 예측하여 주식가격에 사전적으로 반영했을 수도 있었을 것이다. 또한 본 사건은 경영진 보상을 설계할 때 조세의 영향을 적절히 고려하지 못한 것이 근본적인 원인이라고도 할 수 있다. 본 사례를 통해 최고경영자 개인의 이익과 회사의 이익이 대립하는 상황에서 경영진이 고려해야 할 윤리적 측면과 과세 측면을 함께 고려해본다. Kakaopay Corp. (’Kakaopay’), a fintech company of the Kakao Group, was successfully listed on the Korean Stock Exchange on November 3, 2021. On December 10, 2021, there was an announcement that Kakaopay's management exercised part of their stock options and sold all the shares with a total sale amount of KRW 90 billion. The stock price of Kakaopay fell significantly because this event signals that the stock price is at its high point and could fall in the future. These actions by Kakaopay’s top management were heavily criticized as a moral hazard. This case study analyzes Kakaopay’s top management behaviors from a tax perspective. Under the current Income Tax Act in Korea, at the time of stock option exercise, any gains (including unrealized gains) are taxed as wage and salary income. The problem is that at this time, there is no cash inflow to the individuals unless the shares are immediately disposed of. Capital gains tax is another factor to consider. Kakaopay’s executives would be subject to the capital gains tax for the sale of shares if they sell them after the end of December 2021. Therefore, it can be inferred that their immediate disposal of shares may be related to tax incentives. This study emphasizes that taxes affect managers’ decisions and contracts that do not consider the effects of tax may result in adverse economic consequences. It also demonstrates that tax consideration at the individual level also affects business decisions and hence firm value.

Design of HEVC Motion Estimator Core with 8051 Microcontroller

Ahrum Hur,Sohyun Kim,Minkyoung Choi,Hyehyun Lee,Seongsoo Lee 대한전자공학회 2017 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.1

도시 관광 체험이 도시 브랜드 충성도에 미치는 영향

이아름(AhRume Lee),이태희(TaeHee Lee),최동석(DongSok Choi) 한국관광연구학회 2016 관광연구저널 Vol.30 No.3

Plasmonic Coupling in Three-Dimensional Au Nanoparticle Assemblies Fabricated by Anodic Aluminum Oxide Templates

Sohn, Ahrum,Gwon, Minji,Choi, Dukhyun,Kim, Dong-Wook Hindawi Limited 2013 Journal of nanomaterials Vol.2013 No.-

<P>We investigated optical properties of three-dimensional (3D) assemblies of Au nanoparticles (NPs), which were fabricated by dewetting of thin Au layers on anodic aluminum oxides (AAO). The NP assembly had hexagonal array of repeated multiparticle structures, which consisted of six trimers on the AAO surface and one large NP in the AAO pore (pore-NP). We performed finite-difference time-domain simulation to explain the optical response of the NP assemblies and compared the calculation results with experimental data. Such complementary studies clearly revealed how the plasmonic coupling between the constituent NPs influenced the spectral response of our NP assemblies. In particular, comparison of the assemblies with and without pore-NPs suggested that strong plasmonic coupling between trimers and pore-NP significantly affected the spectra and the field distribution of the NP assemblies. Plasmonic multi-NP assemblies could provide us new platforms to realize novel optoelectronic devices.</P>

The Effect of Supply Chain Common Auditor on Audit Quality

( Sehee Kim ),( Ahrum Choi ) 한국회계학회 2021 會計學硏究 Vol.46 No.2

Client-specific knowledge is essential for auditors to plan audits effectively, to assess related audit risks and to interpret audit evidence properly. One of the important sources of such knowledge is information about the client’s major customers that contribute significant proportions of revenues and operating profits. Thus, auditors with privileged access to information about the client’s major customers can provide higher-quality audits than those without such access. This paper investigates whether auditors who audit both supplier firms and their major customer firms at the same time, which we refer to as supply chain common (SCC) auditors, exhibit higher audit quality than non-SCC auditors. We find that SCC auditors are better able to constrain opportunistic earnings management using accruals and thereby provide high audit quality. SCC auditors also reduce the possibility that their clients restate financial statements in the future to correct previously inflated earnings. Our results are robust even after controlling for possible endogeneity with respect to SCC auditor choice. The finding suggests that auditing along the supply chain allows auditors to accumulate client-specific knowledge, which in turn helps them to provide high-quality audit service.

Design of Binary Arithmetic Decoder of HEVC CABAC

Sohyun Kim,Doohwan Kim,Ahrum Hur,Minkyoung Choi,Hyehyun Lee,Seongsoo Lee 대한전자공학회 2017 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.1