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Leem, Yeon-Ju,Joh, Jung-Wha,Joeng, Kyoung-Woon,Suh, Jeong-Hun,Shin, Jin-Woo,Leem, Jeong-Gill The Korean Pain Society 2010 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.23 No.2
Background: The pathophysiological and neurochemical changes following spinal injury are not yet elucidated. This study was designed to evaluate the morphological changes of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and profiles of pain behaviors following intraspinal injection of NMDA in rats. Methods: Rats were randomized into three groups: a sham-operated control group and groups where the rats received 10 mM or 100 mM N-methyl-D-aspatate (NMDA) injected into their spinal dorsal horn. Following injection, hypersensitivity to cold and mechanical stimuli and excessive grooming behaviors were assessed serially for four weeks. Morphological changes of the spinal cord were evaluated four weeks after intraspinal injection. Results: Few animals in the NMDA groups developed hypersensitivity to cold and mechanical stimuli. The number of groomers and the severity of excessive grooming were significantly higher in the 100 mM NMDA group than those values of the control and 10 mM NMDA groups. The size of the neck region (lamina III-IV) was significantly smaller in the 100 mM NMDA group than in the control and 10 mM NMDA groups. Conclusions: In conclusion, intraspinal injection of NMDA in rats leads to the pathological sequela in the spinal cord and to excessive grooming behavior. These results support the use of NMDA and excessive grooming behavior after excitotoxic SCI as a model to study chronic pain after SCI.
Salmon-Calcitonin 의 진통효과 및 Morphine 과의 상호작용
임정길 대한마취과학회 1995 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.28 No.3
Calcitonin is a peptide hormone involved primarily in the regulation of calcium homeostasis. However,clinical observations have shown that calcitonin does in fact possess an analgesic effect in a variety of painful disorders. So I studied the analgesic effect of intracerebroventricularly(i.c.v.) administered salmon calcitonin(s-CT) using the hot plate test and writhing test. The influence on the analgesia induced by morphine and naloxone reversibility was also studied. When s-CT was administered i.c.v., analgesia was observed in both tests,although it was greater in the writhing test than in the hot plate test. The analgesic effect of s-CT was partially but significantly reversed by naloxone. Thus, these results provide information about the antinociceptive effect of s-CT via interaction with both opiate and non-opiate mechanisms.