이슬람의 이베리아 반도 전파와 무데하리스모 문화 유형연구

황의갑(Hwang, Eui-Gab),임주인(Lim, Ju-In) 명지대학교 중동문제연구소 2011 중동문제연구 Vol.10 No.2

In this article, we intend to follow the track of Islamic diffusion and their cultural influence on the Iberian Peninsula with emphasis on a cultural type of mudejarism and the Dhimmi During Medieval and early modern times, the religious groups of the Iberian Peninsula underwent periods of oscillating religious tolerance. From 711-1391, an often-idealized coexistence –convivencia- occurred, between Christian, Muslim, and Jewish communities. There is evidence of a remarkable cultural exchange between these three religious groups, the result of relatively tolerant policies and regular social and economic interactions between the groups under leaders from different religious affiliations. With the rise of monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella, relative tolerance and cultural hegemony. The Arabs took the torch of civilization, which was painfully dying out after the invasion of the barbarians into the classical world. In the part of Humanities, Arabic books continued to be translated and published during the ruling of Alfonso X and contributed to transmit the Ancient culture, which also had influence on the Renaissance in Europe. Their mudejar type in the architecture characterized the unique spainsh architecture not only in the Iberian Peninsula but also Latin America. In spite of all these influences, one of the contributors of the Arabs during the Middle Age in the Iberian Peninsula, they became a thread in the complicated woof of the history of humanity and tolerance. The institution of Dhimmi demonstrated the endeavor of peaceful coexistence and interaction with a different religious community and tolerance toward a minorities. This cultural type of mudejarism in Medieval Spain would take account of a multicultural model of Modern Age, which seeks to decentralize the dichotomy identity and to emphasize a dynamic and vital interaction with others.

경찰의 공식범죄율에 영향을 미치는 사회조건 요인: 도널드 블랙의 법이론을 중심으로

황의갑(Eui Gab Hwang) 한국테러학회 2018 한국테러학회보 Vol.11 No.3

공식범죄통계와 전국범죄피해조사 자료가 보여주는 우리나라의 범죄추세는 상반된 패턴을 보이고 있다. 범죄신고와 범죄인지의 활성화로 인한 암수범죄의 급격한 감소 때문으로 이해할 수 있겠으나, 한편으로는 우리의 공식범죄통계가 범죄발생에 대한 지표라기보다는 범죄신고나 범죄인지의 정도를 보여주는 지표로서의 한계를 가진다는 주장에 대한 반증일수 있겠다. 블랙의 법행동이론은 범죄신고, 범죄인지, 사건해결, 검거, 기소, 선고 등 법작용이 사회조건에 따라 다르다고 설명한다. 본 연구는 경찰의 범죄통계 자료가 범죄발생보다는 범죄신고와 범죄인지의 정도를 보여주는 지표로 이해될 수 있다는 논리를 근거로, 전국 시군구별 통계청 센서스자료와 경찰청의 범죄발생통계 자료를 통합하여 범죄발생률에 영향을 미치는 사회조건을 종적분화, 횡적분화, 문화, 조직, 사회통제 등 블랙이 주장한 몇 가지 유형으로 분류하여 설명하고 그 영향력을 검증하였다. 분석결과는 기초생활수급자비율과 외국인인구비율이 총범죄발생률에 긍정적인 영향을 미침으로써 블랙의 종적분화가설을 지지하 였으며, 인구유입률도 총범죄발생률에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳐 블랙의 횡적분화가설을 지지하였고, 다문화가구비율과 빈집비율은 총범죄발생률에 부정적인 영향을 미쳐 블랙의 문화가설과 조직화가설을 지지하는 결과를 보였다. 그러나 강력범죄율과 절도범죄율에 미치는 사회조건요인들의 영향력은 총범죄발생률에 대한 것과 동일하지는 않았다. 이 연구는 경찰의 공식범죄통계상 범죄발생률을 이해하는데 있어서 블랙의 법행동이론이 유용하게 적용될 수 있다는 가능성을 보여주었다. 일부 변인의 영향력이 가설과 반대로 나오는 것에 대해서는 사회해체론 등이 더 적합한 측면도 있었으나 블랙의 법행동이론이 사회조건요인과 공식범죄통계의 관계를 설명하는데 있어서 보여준 가능성, 특히 다문화가구비율과 빈집비율의 효과를 정당화하기 위한 유용성은 매우 고무적이었다. The crime trend shows a conflicting pattern between the official crime statistics and the National Crime Victimization Survey because of the role of dark figures in official crime statics. This implies that the official crime statistics reflects the degree of crime reported to the police instead of that of actual crime rate. Donald Black s behavior of law contends that legal behaviors such as crime reporting, booking, arresting, charging, sentencing are according to social conditions. This study formulated and tested hypotheses of factors affecting official crime rate based on Black s five dimensions of social conditions such as stratification, morphology, culture, organization, and social control. For this purpose, official crime statistics and census statistics for 216 community jurisdictions throughout South Korea were combined for the whole year in 2015. Results revealed that the rate of basic life support receiver and the rate of foreigners as indicators of stratification, the population influx rate as an indicator of morphology, the multicultural family rate as an indicator of culture, the home vacancy rate as an indicator of organization had expected effects on the total crime rate. However, the level of effects varied for violent crime rate and theft rate. Interestingly, the effect of divorce rate as an indicator of morphology was the opposite of our expectation. The results of this study shows that the possible utility of Black’s theory of law in understanding and interpreting the official crime statistics, even though some careful investigation is necessary for the variable that shows unexpected direction.

사우디아라비아와 아랍에미리트의 군사분야 강화정책

황의갑 ( Eui Gab Hwang ) 부산외국어대학교 지중해연구소 2015 지중해지역연구 Vol.17 No.3

Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates are implementing a low oil price policy by keeping their oil production at high levels in spite of requests by non-OPEC nations to reduce oil production to prevent oil price collapse. Relying on their enormous oil wealth, approximately one trillion dollars, both countries are emerging as regional powers by investing huge amounts of petrodollar money into the development of military capacity against Iranian threats. Furthermore, reconciliation between Washington and Tehran encouraged Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates to cooperate with Russia,China, and Pakistan as well as Western nations in the military sector. This study will examine the details of strategic military policies in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates and anticipate how their military policies will affect the political topography of both the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region and the Middle East.

꾸란 계시의 특성과 의미 연구

황의갑 ( Eui Gab Hwang ) 한국이슬람학회 2009 한국이슬람학회논총 Vol.19 No.2

The Holy Quran is the Scriptures of Islam and has not been changed since revealed to Prophet Muhammad until now. Quranic Revelation can be divided into Mecca`s revelation and Medinah`s revelation which has their unique characteristics. Mecca`s revelations treats the stress of God`s Unity and last Judgement. Medinah`s revelation treats the contents of all kind of topics according to Islamic Ummah formation. In this paper we treat of four determinative factors. The first is that we mentioned about reason of Quranic Revelation divided into Mecca`s and Medinah`s. The second is that of contents and characteristics in the Mecca`s Revelation. The third is that of contents and characteristics in the Medinah`s Revelation. At the conclusion we compared of contents and characteristics of Mecca`s & Medinah`s revelation in the Holy Quran.

십자군 전쟁에 대한 연구 -이슬람의 관점에서-

황의갑 ( Eui Gab Hwang ) 한국이슬람학회 2010 한국이슬람학회논총 Vol.20 No.1

The Crusades were a series of religiously-sanctioned military campaigns waged by much of Latin Christian Europe. The specific crusades to restore Christian control of the Holy Land were fought over a period of nearly 200 years, between 1095 and 1291. The Crusades were fought mainly against Muslims and political enemies of the popes. Crusaders took vows and were granted penance for past sins, often called an indulgence. The Crusades originally had the goal of recapturing Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Islamic rule. The Crusades had far-reaching political, economic, and social impacts, some of which have lasted into contemporary times. Because of internal conflicts among Christian kingdoms and political powers, some of the crusade expeditions were diverted from their original aim, such as the Fourth Crusade, which resulted in the sack of Christian Constantinople and the partition of the Byzantine Empire between Venice and the Crusaders. The Crusades had an enormous influence on the European Middle Ages. Although Europe had been exposed to Islamic culture for centuries through contacts in Iberian Peninsula and Sicily, much knowledge in areas such as science, medicine, and architecture was transferred from the Islamic to the western world during the crusade era. Along with trade, new scientific discoveries and inventions made their way east or west. Arab advances (including the development of algebra, optics, and refinement of engineering) made their way west and sped the course of advancement in European universities that led to the Renaissance in later centuries.

수사절차에 있어서 법과 실무의 괴리: 일선경찰 관들의 적정절차준수에 영향을 미치는 요인

황의갑 ( Eui Gab Hwang ) 대한범죄학회 2010 한국범죄학 Vol.4 No.2

There has been ongoing suspicion of the observance of due process during the police investigation. Using survey data gathered from 292 police officers, this study examined the gap between the law and its practice in the criminal investigation process. Criminal procedural rules such as rights to reject incriminating statements, and to counsel for attorney during the interrogation process were considered as dependent variables. This study also examined factors affecting police officers`` observance of the criminal procedural rules. Factors were divided into organizational environments, officer perceptions, and officer demographics. The results revealed that size of the organization, officer knowledge of the rules and policies, and officers`` perceptions of the organization atmosphere for due process were significantly associated with officers`` observance of criminal procedural rules. The results were discussed to suggest policies to enhance the situation for the human right protection during the criminal investigation process.

딤미 제도와 이슬람의 관용

황의갑 ( Eui Gab Hwang ) 부산외국어대학교 지중해지역원 2011 지중해지역연구 Vol.13 No.3

In the 7th century, Islam expanded rapidly its forces from the Arabian Peninsula, and occupied the territories of Byzantine Empire and Sassanian dynasty, those who lived in this area came under the domination of Islam. A small number of Arab Muslims are rulers, Many residents were non-Muslim. With the gradual conversion of these non-Muslims became Muslims, and they were replaced by primary layers of the Islamic Empire. However, some in keeping with their religion and culture to protect their identity. In the Holy Quran Jewish, Christian, Savi is called as the people of the Holy Book and Islam called them as a dhimmi. In addition, Islam intergrated State and religious community, and did not distinguish ruler`s realm between God`s realm unlike the Christian countries. In chapter 2, Dealt with what is the definition of dhimmi? and whether dhimmi belong to any class? In chapter 3, Dealt with whether any discrimination measures against dhimmi. In chapter 4, Dealt with what did dhimmi in Islamic area and how could exchange their position? In chapter 5, Dealt with dhimmi received religious tolerance in the Islamic area, but Iberian muslims received religious persecution in the christian iberia country. Eventually Islam is a tolerant religion.

비잔틴제국에서 수용된 이슬람의 조세제도 -지즈야(인두세)를 중심으로-

황의갑 ( Eui Gab Hwang ) 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 2012 중동연구 Vol.31 No.2

With message, to praise the only God - Allah, Islam going to spread their power after rising in the desert of Arabian peninsula. Within a century, Islamic power reached Iberian Peninsula to the west through North African Morocco and river of Oxus in Central Asia to the East. Islamic Culture was unstinted to accept the advanced systems. Islamic Tax system was invoked and developed from those advanced cultures like the Byzantine Empire`. For the Muslim governing group, Islamic tax system was an effective system and which enable to governing the other majority group easier. Under Islamic law, Jizya is a per capita tax levied on a section of an Islamic state`s non-Muslim citizens, who meet certain criteria. From the point of view of the Muslim rulers, jizya was a material proof of the non-Muslims` acceptance of subjection to the state and its laws, “just as for the inhabitants it was a concrete continuation of the taxes paid to earlier regimes. And zakat was a religious tax for Muslims. This article dealt types of tax which levied to Muslim and non-Muslim citizens. I was tried to find conception and changes both Jizya and Zakat system. Islamic Society has various tax systems. Jizya and Zakat was typical Islamic tax system to achieve the social justice and impartiality.

『잃어버린 역사, 이슬람』 -서양문화에 커다란 영향을 끼친 이슬람 문화의 황금기 역사

황의갑 ( Eui Gab Hwang ) 부산외국어대학교 지중해연구소 2010 지중해지역연구 Vol.12 No.1

영화 “아라비아 로렌스”에 나타난 영국의 對 아랍정책과 아랍부족의 기질

황의갑(Hwang Eui-Gab) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2013 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.17 No.1

Many Most Movies concerning the Arab which were made in the Western world usually give negative images of the Arab. The Western films including Hollywood identify the Arab as the wide stage which provides only exotic images for the movies of colonial rulers. The film <Lawrence of Arabia> produced in 1962 was based on T.E. Lawrence’s own life who was an eminent archaeology and followed the English policy toward the Middle East. Contrary to the negative perceptions toward the Arab in Hollywood and the story about love and jealousy in existing films, it is the male-oriented movie which manifests the phase of the times and the character of Arab tribes. In this text, we look at how Arabs became independent and they developed independent countries and what character of Arab tribes was like in the film through the English policy that affected the independence of Arab countries and the role of Lawrence.