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- 저자 : 홍창기(Chang-ki Hong) (검색결과 90 건)
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국제무역환경변화에 따른 탄력적 무역경영전략에 관한 연구
홍창기(Hong Chang-Ki) 한국문화산업학회 2007 문화산업연구 Vol.7 No.1
Current international trade environment has been changing fast and continuously according to the globalization and digitalization. And it confronts with various kinds of uncertainty. So Korean trade structure has changed into that of the advanced countries over the world. And international trade business strategy of Korean firms engaged in export business should be changed into the up-to-date strategy. The flexible model of international trade business strategy make the firms successful by carrying out the export business activities adapting the international trade terms to current Korean marketing environment. For this purpose, wrote an introductory remarks as a way of bringing in the point at issue in the first chapter. And in chapter Ⅱ, examined about the major contents of the change of the international trade business environment. In chapter Ⅲ, studied about the change of the international trade business strategy. And finally, singled out the conclusion in the last chapter. Current international trade environment has been changing fast and continuously according to the globalization and digitalization. And it confronts with various kinds of uncertainty. So Korean trade structure has changed into that of the advanced countries over the world. And international trade business strategy of Korean firms engaged in export business should be changed into the up-to-date strategy. The flexible model of international trade business strategy make the firms successful by carrying out the export business activities adapting the international trade terms to current Korean marketing environment. For this purpose, wrote an introductory remarks as a way of bringing in the point at issue in the first chapter. And in chapter Ⅱ, examined about the major contents of the change of the international trade business environment. In chapter Ⅲ, studied about the change of the international trade business strategy. And finally, singled out the conclusion in the last chapter.
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국제무역거래에서의 전자적 제시를 위한 국제규칙에 대한 법률적 고찰
홍창기(Chang-Ki Hong) 한국문화산업학회 2004 문화산업연구 Vol.4 No.1
As of Dec. 31, 2003 the record of Korean international trade, export and import, came up to about U.S. 30 million dollars and to 2.3% of the world total trade. So Korea is ranked in the 13th position in international trade over the world. Payment is the most important in international trade. And the Letter of Credits play the important role as the means of payment in international trade. And recently the electronic document based transactions are now increasing gradually. So on the 28th of October 2001 International Chamber of Commerce Banking Commission approved the Supplement to Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, ICC Publication No. 500 (UCP 500) for Electronic Presentation-Version 1.0, eUCP for men of international trade to deal with presentation of documents in electronic form. And they came into force from the 1st of April 2002 and are now in force. The purpose of this study is to let men of international trade understand exactly about the provisions of the eUCP and help them transact international trade rapidly and smoothly. For this purpose, wrote an introductory remarks as a way of bringing in the point at issue in the first chapter. And in chapter Ⅱ, examined about the general matters, Scope of the eUCP and Relationship of the eUCP to the UCP and the background of the eUCP. In chapter Ⅲ, studied about major contents of the eUCP such as the format, presentation and examination of the electronic records, notice of refusal of the electronic records, and originals, copies and date of issuance of the electronic records, and corruption of an electronic records after presentation, and additional disclaimer of liability for presentation of electronic records. In chapter Ⅳ, found out the legal point at issue from the provisions of the eUCP and presented the ways of improvement on these problems. And finally, summed up this study and singled out the conclusion in the last chapter. As of Dec. 31, 2003 the record of Korean international trade, export and import, came up to about U.S. 30 million dollars and to 2.3% of the world total trade. So Korea is ranked in the 13th position in international trade over the world. Payment is the most important in international trade. And the Letter of Credits play the important role as the means of payment in international trade. And recently the electronic document based transactions are now increasing gradually. So on the 28th of October 2001 International Chamber of Commerce Banking Commission approved the Supplement to Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, ICC Publication No. 500 (UCP 500) for Electronic Presentation-Version 1.0, eUCP for men of international trade to deal with presentation of documents in electronic form. And they came into force from the 1st of April 2002 and are now in force. The purpose of this study is to let men of international trade understand exactly about the provisions of the eUCP and help them transact international trade rapidly and smoothly. For this purpose, wrote an introductory remarks as a way of bringing in the point at issue in the first chapter. And in chapter Ⅱ, examined about the general matters, Scope of the eUCP and Relationship of the eUCP to the UCP and the background of the eUCP. In chapter Ⅲ, studied about major contents of the eUCP such as the format, presentation and examination of the electronic records, notice of refusal of the electronic records, and originals, copies and date of issuance of the electronic records, and corruption of an electronic records after presentation, and additional disclaimer of liability for presentation of electronic records. In chapter Ⅳ, found out the legal point at issue from the provisions of the eUCP and presented the ways of improvement on these problems. And finally, summed up this study and singled out the conclusion in the last chapter.
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홍창기(Chang Ki Hong),안정용(Jung Yong Ahn),이규성(Kyu Sung Lee) 대한두개저학회 2007 대한두개저학회지 Vol.2 No.2
Object : The surgical approach to foramen magnum meningioma is crucial to get a radical removal. The standard surgical technique is based in far lateral suboccipital approach. In this paper the authors present a surgical series of foramen magnum meningioma, which were removed with a technique based in the removal of tumor from the posterior skull base without low cranial nerve injury. Methods : From March 2001 to February 2006, 12 patients with a foramen magnum meningioma were operated. The far lateral extension of the classic suboccipital craniectomy has been found to reduce the depth of the field and improve the angle of surgical perspective to the ventrolateral clivus. The surgical techniques proposed were based in the exposure of anterior aspect of brainstem. The suboccipital craniectomy and partial condylectomy were performed exposing the jugular bulb, sigmoid. The tumor was removed as piecemeal fashion with the help of suction and coagulation. The anterior border of the tumor was removed using a dissection under the low cranial nerve. The dura of the posterior fossa was opened and an intradural tumor removed. After removal, the dura was closed and the defect occluded with tachocomb. Results : We removed the mass by partial condylectomy via far lateral transcondylar approach without neurological deficit and postoperative craniovertebral instability. Conclusion : If a lesion may be approached through a perpendicular exposure, the suboccipital craniectomy alone may be sufficient, especially ventral foramen magnum meningioma. Additional exposure of the ventrolateral clivus without brainstem retraction requires condylar removal.
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수술적 치료를 받은 파열성 뇌동맥류환자에서의 예후와 뇌실-복강 단락술의 예측인자로써의 Hunt-Hess Grade와 Fisher Grade
홍창기,박종운,현동근,하영수,Hong, Chang Ki,Park, Chong Oon,Hyun, Dong Keun,Ha, Young Soo 대한신경외과학회 2001 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.30 No.1
Objective : The popular grading systems in use, such as Hunt-Hess grade and Fisher scale score, are based primarily on the patient's clinical conditions or computerized tomography score after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH). The author investigated whether the need for ventriculoperitoneal(VP) shunt for chronic hydrocephalus and outcome can be predicted by Hunt-Hess grade and Fisher scale. Methods : A series of 146 patients admitted to our hospital from August 1991 to July 1999, who presented with SAH and underwent craniotomy for aneurysm clipping were studied retrospectively. Chronic hydrocephalus was defined as clinically and radiographically demonstrated hydrocephalus that lasted 2 weeks or longer after initial hemorrhage which required shunting. Patients were evaluated based on following factors : Hunt-Hess grade, Fisher scale, age, sex, hypertension, aneurysm location, and intervals from aneurysm rupture to operation. Results : The overall mortality rate of the study group was 8.2%. Hunt-Hess grade(p=0.001) or Fisher scale (p=0.001) at all pretreatment times was significantly correlated with outcome. In addition, there was an increased risk of poor outcome in older age(65<). However, there were statistically no significant relationship between outcome and sex, location of aneurysm, hypertension, and interval from aneurysmal rupture to operation(p>0.05). Of 134 surviving patients, 16 patients(12%) underwent VP shunt placement secondary to chronic hydrocephalus. Hunt-Hess grade(p=0.001) is more predictive of chronic hydrocephalus than Fisher scale(p=0.146). Aneurysm location was significantly correlated with development of chronic hydrocephalus (p<0.05), without significant correlations in sex, age, hypertension. IVH, and ICH. Conclusion : This study suggests that there is a high clinical correlation between outcome and Hunt-Hess grades and Fisher scales on admission, but Hunt-Hess grade is more predictive for chronic hydrocephalus than Fisher scale. In addition, age(<65 yrs) is the significant factor for prediction of outcome. There was a trend of increasing risk for chronic hydrocephalus according to aneurymal location.
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