창조경제에의 국민 참여 확대를 위한 과학기술 인프라 구축방안

홍사균(Sagyun Hong),박하얀 과학기술정책연구원 2013 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

Creative economy is new economy system which makes value and wealth through commercializing of creative products. The creativity of the individual is the most critical factor for realization of the creative economy. In this context, this research aims to suggest a way for promoting individual creative activity. Especially, the study focused on facilitating infrastructures efficiently for creative activities. To this end, it investigates the activities that are required when people produce creative ideas or start a business. Based on that, it addresses methods for expanding to participate in creative activities. Moreover, the study proposes plans to scientific technology infrastructures for magnifying creative activities of the people in terms of three ways each, testing equipment and facilities, collecting and distributing of scientific technological information, and coordinating or supporting organizations.

기술혁신의 패러다임 변화에 대응하는 국가과학기술혁신전략 탐색연구

홍사균(Sagyun Hong) 과학기술정책연구원 2016 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

본 연구의 목적은 향후 기술혁신의 패턴과 패러다임이 어떻게 변해 가는지를 살펴보고 이에 적절히 대응하기 위한 국가 과학기술혁신 전략의 추진방향을 모색해 보는 것이다. 이를 위해 먼저 기술혁신에 대한 개념 및 정의, 특성을 살펴보았으며, 기술혁신의 유형과 유형별 특성, 그리고 기술혁신을 가져오는 원천과 이에 따른 대응전략은 무엇인지에 대해서도 살펴보았다. 향후 기술혁신을 주도할 기술은 무엇이며 어떠한 모습으로 기술혁신이 출현할 것인지를 파악하기 위해 미래 유망기술에 대한 전망과 미래에 기술혁신 패러다임의 변화양상과 패턴을 살펴보았다. 국내외 전문기관에서 발표한 미래 유망 10대 기술을 중심으로 향후 미래를 주도할 기술들에 대한 개략적인 내용과 향후 출현될 기술들에 대한 모습을 전망해 보았다. 기술혁신의 패턴 혹은 패러다임의 변화 방향은 크게 5가지로 정리하였다. 생산자 혁신에서 사용자 혁신으로, 제조업 분야 혁신에서 서비스 분야 혁신으로, 폐쇄형 혁신에서 개방형 혁신으로, 인터넷 등 네트워크에 기반을 둔 혁신의 증가, 그리고 정형화된 방식에서 비정형화된 방식으로 혁신이 증가하고 있다는 것이다. 그리고 이에 따른 우리의 대응방향에 대해서 논의하였는데, 원천기술개발의 강화, 융합연구 강화, 기술혁신 주체들 간의 소통 및 협력 활성화, 기술변화에 신속히 대응할 수 있는 체제 등을 제시하였다. 이를 토대로 향후 전개될 기술혁신 패러다임 변화에 대응하는 국가과학기술혁신정책에 대한 추진방향에 대해서 논의하였다. 먼저 추진방향에 대한 기본철학 혹은 기본방향에 대해서 3가지 측면에서 논의하였다. 하나는 국가혁신체계를 구성하는 활동 주체인 기업, 대학, 연구기관, 그리고 금융기관, 중개기관, 협회 등 관련 지원기관들 간의 상호작용 및 각종 흐름을 원활하게 만들기 위해 무엇을 어떻게 해야 하는지에 관한 논의이다. 두 번째 기조는 연역적 접근과 귀납적 접근과의 균형 측면에서 살펴보는 것이다. 그리고 세 번째 기조는 자율시스템의 발전이라는 측면에서 시사점을 검토하였다. 그리고 이들 3가지 기조 하에 향후 지향해야 할 과학기술혁신정책과제 10개에 대해서 논의하였다. 혁신 주체의 선진화라는 범주에서 4개 과제(정부출연(연) 체제 정비, 대학의 역할 강화: 인력양성 및 새로운 지식창출 기능 강화, R&D 전문기업의 육성, 산학연 협력체제 강화)에 대해 논의하였다. 정부출연(연) 체제 정비에서는 정부출연(연)의 기능을 효율적이고 효과적으로 수행하기 위해서 요구되는 사항에 대해서 언급하였으며, 이를 효율적으로 수행하기 위한 체제 개편에 대해서도 논의하였다. 대학의 역할 강화에 대해서는 지식삼각형(knowledge triangle) 관점에서 인력양성, R&D 활동, 그리고 혁신과 창업 활성화 등에 대해서 논의하였다. 또한 기술혁신을 둘러싼 환경 변화에 영세기업들이 적절히 대응하는 방안을 지원할 목적으로 R&D 전문기업의 육성방안에 대해서도 논의하였다. 그리고 산학연 간의 협력을 강화시킬 목적으로 산학연 간의 인적 교류 확대, 혁신공동체의 설치 및 운영 활성화 등에 대해서도 논의하였다. 정부 R&D 추진체계의 개선이라는 범주에서 3개 과제(정부 R&D 추진전략, 정부 R&D사업 추진체계의 개선, 국가 R&D 거버넌스의 선진화)에 대해서 논의하였다. 먼저 정부 R&D 추진전략은 향후 기초연구의 추진전략, 미래 성장동력 발굴 및 확보를 위한 정부 R&D사업, 산업현장 지원을 위한 R&D 전략, 기술개발 융합화 활성화 전략등에 대해서 논의하였다. 정부 R&D사업 추진체계 개선에서는 상향식 접근과 하향식 접근의 조화, 범부처 R&D 사업의 확대 추진, R&D과제의 특성별 차별화된 연구과제 관리시스템의 개선 등에 대해서 논의하였다. 그리고 국가 R&D 거버넌스의 선진화에서는 R&D 거버넌스를 강화시키기 위한 방안에 대해서도 논의하였다. 그리고 마지막으로 혁신 환경의 선진화라는 범주 속에서 혁신 친화적 사회문화 조성, 어디서나 연구를 수행할 수 있는 체제 구축, 정부의 역할 재정립 등 3개과제에 대해서 논의하였다. The purpose of this study is to examine how the patterns and paradigms of technological innovation will change in the future and to find direction for the national science and technological innovation strategies to appropriately respond to such changes. To this end, this study looked into the prospect of promising future technologies and the aspects of the paradigm shift in technological innovation in the future and discussed the national response direction. First, this study outlined the technologies that will lead the future and forecast the technologies that will emerge in the future, focusing on the top ten promising future technologies announced by domestic and foreign expert organizations. Then it identified the direction of technological innovation patterns or the direction of the paradigm shift in technological innovation, and discussed the national response direction for these changes. Based on this, a discussion was made on the direction of national science and technological innovation policies in response to the paradigm shift in technological innovation. Three frameworks for discussion-the flow in the national innovation system, the balance between deductive and inductive approaches and the development of the autonomous system-were used. Through this process, a total of ten tasks were derived: four tasks In the category of the advancement of innovation subjects [enhancing the government (annual) funding system, strengthening the role of universities: cultivating human resources and strengthening the function of creating new knowledge, fostering R & D specialized companies and strengthening cooperation between industry and academia]; three tasks in the category of the improvement of the government R & D implementation system (the government R & D implementation strategies, the improvement of the government R & D project implementation system and the advancement of the national R & D governance); and three tasks in the category of the advancement of the innovation environment (forming an innovation-friendly social culture, establishing a system enabling the conduction of researches in everywhere and redefining of the government"s role).

21세기 국가혁신체제의 개념적 틀

홍사균,임윤철,Hong, Sa-Gyun,Im, Yun-Cheol 과학기술정책연구원 1999 과학기술정책 Vol.- No.120

혁신 주체별 R&D 지원체계 개선방안

조현대(Hyun-Dae Cho),홍사균(Sa-Gyun Hong),이세준(Se-Jun Lee),송완흡(Wan-Heup Song),정윤성(Yoon-Sung Jung),박은진(Eun-Jin Park) 과학기술정책연구원 2017 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

R&D 분야 국가재정 효율화 방안 연구

안두현(Doo-Hyun Ahn),홍사균(Hong, Sagyun),최병삼(Choi, Byong-Sam),이혜진(Hye-jin Lee) 과학기술정책연구원 2015 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

연구개발성과의 질적 평가체계 구축 방안

조현대(Cho Hyun-Dae),홍사균(Hong Sa-Gyun),송완흡(Song Wan-Heup),성태경(Sung Tae-Kyung),김명관(Kim Myung-Gwan),오윤정(Oh Yoon-Jung),정윤성(Jung Yoon-Sung) 과학기술정책연구원 2016 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

The performance of Korean national R&D programmes and projects has improved in terms of quantity, but the qualitative aspects and the utilization of the R&D results have not been satisfactory. For this reason, there have been attempts to promote a new R&D evaluation paradigm for nurturing creative and challenging research culture and developing high quality R&D outcomes. However, despite the needs and significance of qualitative evaluation, there are limitations such as existing practices, excessive emphasis on quantitative indices. Therefore, this research aims to suggest an approach for qualitative evaluation, measures for improving evaluation institutions and systems. To achieve the aims above, first, this report present the philosophy and a suggested approach for qualitative evaluation. Second, the current national R&D programmes and evaluation institutions have been analysed. Third, foreign cases of qualitative evaluation have been analysed and implications were drawn. Forth, this report propose a future direction for policy paradigm to accommodate qualitative evaluation of national R&D programmes and projects. Fifth, we suggest plans to improve qualitative evaluation by types of national R&D. Sixth, this report provide policy recommendations summarizing the above. The direction for policy paradigm to accommodate qualitative evaluation include ‘enhancing recognition of qualitative evaluation with a human-focus’, ‘establishing a system for qualitative evaluation on the basis of expertism and autonomy’, and ‘establishing a field-oriented system and infrastructure’. As for plans to improve qualitative evaluation by types of national R&D, this report suggest ‘qualitative evaluation based on scientific and social performance via amendment of qualitative evaluation indices reflecting the characteristics of programmes and projects’ in the case of basic research, ‘qualitative evaluation based on technological performance in the case of fundamental research, ‘qualitative evaluation focusing on economic and technological performance and follow-up evaluation’ in the case of mid to long term industrial technology research, and ‘qualitative evaluation focusing on economic and social performance’ in the case of short term industrial technology research. The conclusion part of this report, summarizing the above discussions, proposes ‘establishing dedicated organization for economic evaluation to enhance qualitative evaluation of industrial technology development’, ‘mandating ex-ante qualitative review by dedicated organization’, ‘providing field-oriented and real-time information for systemic qualitative information’, and ‘plans for qualitative evaluation of R&D outcomes’. The results and policy suggestions in this report are expected to be used as basic materials for improving qualitative evaluation in Korea.

R&D 투자 영향평가 기반 구축 및 시범분석

황석원(Seog-Won, Hwang),오승환(Seung-Hwan, Oh),우청원(Ceung-Won, Woo),장필성(Pil-Seoung, Jang),홍사균(Sa-Gyun, Hong),강희종(Hee-Jong, Kang),최창택(Chang-Taek, Choi),김기환(Gi-Hwan, Kim),이재진(Jae-Jin, Lee),김지훈(Ji-Hoon, Kim) 과학기술정책연구원 2016 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

This study is a late study of “An Exploratory Study on STI policy impact assessment”. In the research of 2015, in principle, it is necessary to evaluate not only R&D investment but also general policies such as various promotion systems, standards and regulations by putting the term “policy impact assessment” in front of it We emphasized the points. However, it is practically very difficultto collect and analyze detailed data of all STI policies. In addition, it is also restricted to allow policy researchers to access data within a certain range. Therefore, this study focuses on the impact assessment of R&D investment, which accounts for the largest percentage of STI policies. In this research, the impact assessment system of R&D investment is analyzed by classifying it into evaluation of economic impact and social impact assessment. Also, the evaluation of economic impact was analyzed separating into a micro viewpoint and a macro viewpoint. First, The analysis of the economic impact assessment of the micro viewpoint relates to how the government’s R&D investment affects enterprises. Specifically, the main analysis target was the employment and investment of companies, the impact on sales and profits. Second, The Analysis for macroeconomic impact assessment on the economy is related to the influence of government’s R&D investment such as national economic growth, employment etc. We also analyzed the spillover effect by industry according to R&D investment. Third, The social impact assessment is to analyze how R&D investment has impacted technology-based social change. This study is a very difficult attempt. However, we analyzed from the point of view of the consumer considering all social change areas as much as possible. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, the study of economic impact evaluation shows the effect of R&D investment and it can be used as a basis to improve the efficiency and goal of R&D investment in future sectors such as employment, economic growth and investment. Second, through research on social impact assessment, government R&D investment has focused on specific areas in terms of improving the quality of life and social development of people, and confirmed that most social sectors are neglected. In addition, we proposed policy priorities for specific social change indicators and social sectors and proposed long-term R&D investment strategies. Finally, this study is expected to contribute to the establishment of future strategy of private enterprise through the measurement of social change index, the social influence of private research and development, and the influence of technology shock from abroad.