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한정신,박임전,김영란,김영희,오재림 淑明女子大學校 亞細亞女性問題硏究所 1993 아시아여성연구 Vol.32 No.-
This Study is the first part of the two-part study of developing educational program for women's political resocialization. The main purpose of this stage of the study is to establish a solid base for developing an educational program which will raise women's political consciousness and promote more active political participation in the future. This two-part research is based on our belief that lower levels of political awareness and participation among women than among men in Korea is due to different political socialization processes for females and males during their early development stages. Traditionally in Korea, there has been a clear distincion between women's and men's spheres, that is private and family sphere is for women, and public and societal sphere is for then. For example, the arena of politics has been considered for a man's world but not for a woman's and therefore from early on, girls are not encouraged to participate in any political activities while boys are encouraged to do so. Previous researches suggest that kindergarten and elementary school teachers as well as parents are the most important agencies in children's political socialization process. Studies also indicate that there is a significant relationship between individual's sex role identity and the status of political consciousness and attitude. In this study a survey research using national samples of elementary school students, teachers and parents was conducted in order to examine the relationship between individual's sex role identity and. the status of political consciousness. Comparisons of frequencies, chi-square test, factor analysis and one-way analysis of variance were used in analyzing data. The findings revealed that in all groups, that is for students, teachers, and parents separately and for both females and males, feminine sex role identity group showed the lowest average political consciousness and attitude score among four sex role identity groups. Moreover, this pattern was more obvious in feminine sex role identity group among women in all subject groups. These results indicate that there exists a gender stereotyped political socialization in our society. In other words, it appears that Korean females are socialized to be less political than Korean males. Therefore, it was our goal to develop a political resocialization program specifically targeted for women. As a first step to fultill this purpose, based on the results of the survey data analyses, an educational program for raising political awareness for teachers in K-6 level(from kindergarten to 6th grade level) was developed. The main contents of the political resocialization program are guest lecture on Korean women and the politics, examination of existing sex discriminations in family, in school, and in social politics, reevaluation of development process of feminine identity and of femininity, assertive training and anger expression. Participants are encouraged to express and share their own experiences as a woman in society. Additionally, in order to test the effectiveness and the validity of this program, a two-day workshop using the developed program was held with kindergarten and elementary school teachers. After a careful evaluation and examination of the responses data and suggestions from teachers who participated in the workshop, the results will be used to complete the second half of the study of developing an educational program for women's political resocialization, which is already in progress. When the educational program for women's political resocialization is completed and appropriately utilized, we expect that children's, teachers' as well as parents' stereotypical sex role attitudes will be changed. Therefore, regardless of one's gender, our children will grow up to expand his or her potentials to the highest possible level as an individual, not as a woman or as a man. This will eventually help Korean women and men to become equal partners in political participation of this country and thus we will be a step closer to become a truly democratic society.
한정신 한국교육학회 1992 敎育學硏究 Vol.30 No.1
우리 나라의 중학교 취학율이 92% , 고등학교 취학율이 88.4% (교육정보연구부(편), 1991) 에 이르러 고둥학교 재학생수가 엄청나게 팽창한 현재의 상황에서 고등학교 교육목적인 고동보통교육 및 전문교육의 기초확립의 의의는 대단히 크다. 더구나 격변하는 국제사회속에서 우리 사회를 발전시켜나갈 지성과 덕목을 갖춘 중견민주시민을 길러내야 할 사명의 실현을 위한 노력이 고등학교 교육에 더욱 요구되고 있다. 그러나 유감스럽게도 오늘의 현실은 고둥학교 교육의 공식적이고 당위적인 교육목표가 무엇이든 간에 실질적으로 교육의 전과정올 대학입시의 내용과 형식에 맞추는 것이며, 이를 위해 교사 학생 학부모까지 모든 힘을 투입하고 있다. 이러한 현실인식을 토대로 대학입시제도와 중등학교 교육을 논함에 있어 대학입시제도는 주로 ’93 학년도까지 적용되는 제도를 중심으로 하고, 중동학교는 대학입학시험제도의 영향을 직접적으로 받고 있는 일반계 고등학교에 한정 하여 고등학교 교육의 목적과 체제, 대학입시와 고동학교 교육의 문제점을 체계적으로 확인, 분석코자 한다.