아연폐광산 주변 토양의 중금속 ( Cd , Cu , Zn , Pb ) 오염에 따른 5개 수종의 부위별 중금속 축적

한심희,현정오,이경준,조덕현 ( Sim Hee Han,Jung Oh Hyun,Kyung Joon Lee,Duck Hyun Cho ) 한국산림과학회 1998 한국산림과학회지 Vol.87 No.3

This study was conducted to evaluate heavy metal concentrations(Cd, Cu, Z, and Pb) in the soil of two zinc mines and to correlate heavy metal contents between the soils and trees growing near the mines. Soils and leaves, stems, and roots of five tree species(Corylus heterophylla, Pinus rigida. Papulus alba × glandulosa, Rhododendron mucronulatum, and Rabinia pseudoacacia) were collected from Sambo Zinc Mine located in Hwasung and Gahak Zinc Mine in Kwangmyung city in Kyonggido. Soils near two zinc mines were not seriously contaminated by heavy metals, but Zn and Pb concentrations were at toxic level. The heavy metal concentration in soils decreased in the order of Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd, and decreased with increasing distance from zinc mining sites. Among the five tree species, Populus alba × glandulasa showed the highest heavy metal concentrations in the tissue except for Pb. Particulars, leaves of the species contained the high concentrations of heavy metals to reach the maximum of 91ppm Zn. The roots of Corydus heterophylla contained high concentrations of Cu and Pb. The order of heavy metal concentrations in the tree species was Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd. The concentration of heavy metals in the tree tissues showed a positive correlation with that in soil in which trees are growing. The ratio of heavy metal concentration of trees to that of soils(concentration factor : CF) was highest in Zn and lowest in Pb. Populus alba×glandulosa had the highest CF value among the five tree species. It was concluded that Populus alba×glandulosa, based on the high metal uptake ability, could be used for decontaminating of heavy metals from contaminated soils, and Pinus rigida could be used to reflect the level of contamination in soils.

온도와 CO₂ 농도 증가에 따른 다릅나무와 백당나무의 생장, 광합성 및 광색소 함량 변화

한심희,김두현,김길남,이재천,Han, Sim-Hee,Kim, Du-Hyun,Kim, Gil-Nam,Lee, Jae-Cheon 한국농림기상학회 2011 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.13 No.3

본 연구는 최근 전 지구적으로 문제시 되고 있는 기후변화와 관련하여, 우리나라에서의 대기 중 $CO_2$ 농도 증가와 평균 온도 상승에 따른 수목의 생장 및 생리 반응의 변화를 예측하고자 실시되었다. 온도와 $CO_2$ 농도 증가 하에서 다릅나무의 건중량은 감소하였으나, 백당나무의 건중량은 증가하였다. 또한, $CO_2$ 농도 증가는 다릅나무의 지상부와 지하부의 비(S/R)를 감소시킨 반면, 백당나무의 지상부와 지하부의 비는 증가시켜, 두 수종의 생장 반응은 서로 상반되는 결과를 나타냈다. 그러나 두 수종 모두 온도 증가에 의해 S/R율이 증가하였다. 탄소고정효율은 다릅나무의 경우, 온도와 $CO_2$ 농도 증가에 의해 뚜렷하게 감소하였으나, 백당나무는 온도 증가로 탄소고정효율이 감소한 반면, $CO_2$ 증가는 뚜렷한 효과를 나타내지 않았다. 광색소함량은 다릅나무의 경우, $CO_2$ 농도가 증가하면서 모든 광색소 함량이 감소하였다. 그러나 백당나무에서는 뚜렷한 변화가 없었다. 한편 온도 증가는 다릅나무의 잎내 광색소 함량을 크게 증가 시켰으나, 백당나무는 반대로 광색소 함량이 모두 감소하였다. 다릅나무의 엽록소 a/b 비는 $CO_2$ 농도 증가로 뚜렷하게 감소하였으며, 백당나무는 온도 증가로 엽록소 a/b 비가 감소하였다. 결론적으로 온도와 $CO_2$ 농도 변화에 따른 수목의 생장 및 생리적 반응은 처리 농도 또는 기간에 따라 큰 차이를 나타내며, 공시재료의 연령에도 큰 영향을 받는다. 본 연구는 1년생의 어린 묘목을 대상으로 단기간 온도와 $CO_2$ 농도 변화에 대한 반응을 분석한 것이므로, 장기적인 환경 변화에 대한 수목의 적응 특성은 예측하기 어렵다. 따라서 미래의 기후변화에 대한 수목의 반응을 정확한 예측을 위해서는 장기적인 환경 변화 조건하에서 다각적인 연구가 이루어져야 한다. 또한 환경 변화에 따른 반응은 수종에 따라 큰 차이를 나타내므로, 기후변화에 따른 수목의 반응을 예측하기 위해서는 우리나라 주요 수종 및 기후변화에 민감한 수종들을 대상으로 지속적인 연구가 이루어져야 한다. The impacts of elevated temperature and $CO_2$ were studied on the seedlings of Maackia amurensis and Viburnum opulus var. calvescens. The seedlings were grown in controlled-environment growth chambers with four combinations of temperature and $CO_2$ treatments: $25^{\circ}C$ + ambient $CO_2$ (400 ppm), $25^{\circ}C$ + elevated $CO_2$ (800 ppm), $30^{\circ}C$ + ambient $CO_2$ (400 ppm), and $30^{\circ}C$ + elevated $CO_2$ (800 ppm). Under elevated temperature and $CO_2$ concentration, the dry weight decreased in seedlings of M. amurensis, but increased in seedlings of V. opulus var. calvescens. In addition, the shoot to root (S/R) ratio in M. amurensis reduced but that of V. opulus var. calvescens increased under elevated $CO_2$ concentration. The S/R ratios of two tree species increased under higher temperature. M. amurensis represented lower carboxylation efficiency under higher temperature and $CO_2$ concentration and that of V. opulus var. calvescens showed lower values under the only higher temperature. Photosynthetic pigment content of in the leaves of M. amurensis was lower under higher $CO_2$ concentration and higher under the increase of temperature, but that of V. V. opulus var. calvescens decreased according to the increase of temperature. Chlorophyll a/b ratios of M. amurensis and V. V. opulus var. calvescens decreased obviously with the increase of $CO_2$ concentration and temperature, respectively. In conclusion, the growth and physiological responses under the environmental changes such as temperature and $CO_2$ concentration depend on the tree species. Therefore, more studies are needed to predict the response of each tree species against the climate changes.

산성우에 의한 토양산성화에 대한 4개 수종의 완충능력과 수관으로부터 양료 용탈 변이

한심희,이경준 ( Sim Hee Han,Kyung Joon Lee ) 한국산림과학회 1997 한국산림과학회지 Vol.86 No.3

The objective of this study was to compare acid-neutralizing and buffering capacity of four tree species against soil acidification by acid rain. About 30-year-old forests composed of Pinus rigida, Alnus hirsuta, Quercus mongolica, and Liriodendron tulipifera in a provincial experimental forest located 151an east from Banwol Industrial Complex in Kyonggido were used in this study. Incident precipitation, throughfall and stemflow, and soil samples were collected from May to September, 1996 to analyze their pH and canon concentrations. Internal leaf pH, external acid neutralizing capacity(ENC), and buffering capacity index(BCI) of leaves were also determined. The incident precipitation showed an average pH of 4.56, with the percentage of acid rain incidents being 74%. The average soil pH of the study area was 4.15. The pH of throughfall and stemflow in all four species was higher than that of precipitation except that of the stemflow of Pinus rigida which showeed a pH of 3.73. The throughfall of Liriodendron tulipifera showed the highest pH of 5.38. The pH of throughfall and stemflow showed a positive correlation and no correlation, respectively, with precipitations. The most abundant cation in precipitation was Ca. The canon concentraions in throughfall and stemflow decreased in the following order of K, Na, Ca, and Mg. Cation concentrations in stemflow were highest in Lirioendron tulipifera and lowest in Pines rigida. Nutrient leaching from above ground increased with decreasing pH of precipitation. The pH of stemflow showed a positive correlation with ENC and BCI. The highest values in ENC, BCI, soil pH, and soil canon concentrations were observed in Liriodendron tulipifera, while the lowest values were obtained in Pinus rigida, It was concluded that Liriodendron tulipifera had highest neutralizing capacity against acid rain, while Pines rigida had the lowest capacity and even promoted acidification of soil.

기획시리즈 - 사라져가는 우리나라특산식물 '산개나리'

한심희,Han, Sim-Hui 한국조경수협회 2011 造景樹 Vol.121 No.-

아연폐광산(亞鉛廢鑛山) 주변(周邊) 토양(土壤)의 중금속(重金屬) (Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb) 오염(汚染)에 따른 5개(個) 수종(樹種)의 부위별(部位別) 중금속(重金屬) 축적(蓄積)

한심희,현정오,이경준,조덕현,Han, Sim Hee,Hyun, Jung Oh,Lee, Kyung Joon,Cho, Duck Hyun 한국산림과학회 1998 한국산림과학회지 Vol.87 No.3

본 연구는 폐광지 주변에서의 토양내 중금속(Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb) 오염 정도와 토양내 중금속 농도와 수목내 중금속 축적 농도와의 관계를 규명하여, 오염지역의 정화에 수목을 이용할 수 있는지를 확인하는 것을 목적으로 수행하였다. 경기도 화성군에 위치한 삼보광산과 광명시에 있는 가학광산에서 1997년 4월부터 9월에 걸쳐 토양 시료와 주변의 난티잎개암나무, 리기다소나무, 현사시나무, 진달래, 아까시나무를 채취하여 중금속 농도를 측정하였다. 두 광산지역의 광구에서 500m 이내 주변 토양은 중금속에 의한 오염 정도가 28~143ppm으로써 심각하지 않았으나, Zn(143ppm), Pb(97ppm)과 같은 중금속 농도는 독성을 나타낼 수 있는 수준이었다. 토양내 중금속의 농도는 Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd의 순이었으며, 광구의 중심에서 1.5km 이상 멀어질수록 증금속 농도는 10ppm 이내로 감소하였다. 각 수종별 중금속의 농도는 Pb를 제외하고, 현사시나무에서 가장 높았으며, 특히 잎에 고농도로 축적되어 있었고, Zn의 경우 91ppm이 검출되었다. 난티잎개암나무의 뿌리에서는 Cu와 Pb의 높은 농도로 검출되었다. 토양의 중금속과 수목 조직내 중금속 농도는 매우 높은 정의 상관을 보여주었으며, 리기다소나무에서 가장 높은 상관계수를 나타냈다. 토양에 대한 수목 조직의 중금속 농도비(Concentration Factors : CF)는 Zn이 가장 높은 값을 보였고 Pb이 가장 낮은 값을 보여주었다. 현사시나무는 CF값이 가장 높아서 중금속을 가장 많이 축적하고 있었다. 특히 토양의 중금속 농도에 대한 식물체의 농도비가 가장 높은 현사시나무는 중금속의 흡수 능력이 뛰어나 중금속 오염지에서 정화식물로 이용할 수 있으며, 리기다소나무는 토양의 오염 정도를 가장 잘 반영하는 수종으로 판단된다. This study was conducted to evaluate heavy metal concentrations(Cd, Cu, Z, and Pb) in the soil of two zinc mines and to correlate heavy metal contents between the soils and trees growing near the mines. Soils and leaves, stems, and roots of five tree species(Corylus heterophylla, Pinus rigida. Populus alba${\times}$glandulosa, Rhododendron mucronulatum, and Robinia pseudoacacia) were collected from Sambo Zinc Mine located in Hwasung and Gahak Zinc Mine in Kwangmyung city in Kyonggido. Soils near two zinc mines were not seriously contaminated by heavy metals, but Zn and Pb concentrations were at toxic level. The heavy metal concentration in soils decreased in the order of Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cd, and decreased with increasing distance from zinc mining sites. Among the five tree species, Populus alba ${\times}$ glandulosa showed the highest heavy metal concentrations in the tissue except for Pb. Particulars, leaves of the species contained the high concentrations of heavy metals to reach the maximum of 91ppm Zn. The roots of Corylus heterophylla contained high concentrations of Cu and Pb. The order of heavy metal concentrations in the tree species was Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd. The concentration of heavy metals in the tree tissues showed a positive correlation with that in soil in which trees are growing. The ratio of heavy metal concentration of trees to that of soils(concentration factor : CF) was highest in Zn and lowest in Pb. Populus alba${\times}$glandulosa had the highest CF value among the five tree species. It was concluded that Populus alba${\times}$glandulosa, based on the high metal uptake ability, could be used for decontaminating of heavy metals from contaminated soils, and Pinus rigida could be used to reflect the level of contamination in soils.

주요 목재 수종의 화학조성 분석을 통한 고형 연료화 특성 평가

한심희(Sim-Hee Han),송우용(Woo-Yong Song),신수정(Soo-Jeong Shin) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2016 펄프.종이기술 Vol.48 No.6

To evaluate the bio-solid energy of raw materials, nineteen softwood species and twentyseven hardwood species were used for chemical composition, elementary analysis and energy content calculation. Variations in organic solvent soluble extractives were high in both softwood and hardwood species. Lignin content in softwood species (25.6-36.0%, 19 species average 30.0%) was higher than hardwood species (16.5-28.4%, 27 species average 21.7%) but polysaccharide content in hardwood species (59.6-81.6%, 27 species average 69.0%) was higher than softwood species (56.4-65.1%, 19 species average 61.2%). More carbon content in softwood species than hardwood species came from higher lignin content in those softwood species, especially Norway spruce (50.0% carbon content). In calorimetric value estimation, softwood species (average 18.5 MJ/kg) was higher than hardwood species (average 15.63 MJ/kg) due to higher lignin content and less carbohydrate content.

회화나무 8가계간 오존 내성 차이에 대한 생리적 지표의 적합성

한심희 ( Sim Hee Han ),김두현 ( Du Hyun Kim ),이재천 ( Jae Cheon Lee ) 한국농림기상학회 2010 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.12 No.3

온도 증가에 따른 일본잎갈나무와 거제수나무 유묘의 초기 생장과 생리 특성의 변화

한심희 ( Sim Hee Han ),김두현 ( Du Hyun Kim ),김길남 ( Gil Nam Kim ),이재천 ( Jae Cheon Lee ),윤충원 ( Chung Weon Yun ) 한국농림기상학회 2012 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.14 No.2

Larix kaempferi and Betula costata seedlings were grown under an elevated temperature (27oC) for four weeks to understand initial changes on physiological characteristics caused by temperature rising in connection with global warming. At the end of the treatment, growth performance, leaf pigment content, antioxidative enzyme activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured and analyzed. Relative growth rates of the height of two tree species grown under elevated temperature (27oC) were lower than those of control (24oC) and dry weights of leaves, stems and roots were also reduced at higher temperature. Particularly, the root growth reduction of two tree species increased markedly at 27oC over the study period, which increased the ratio of shoot to root. Under higher temperature, leaf pigment contents decreased, whereas anti-oxidative enzyme activities such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) increased as compared with the control. But MDA content was not affected by elevated temperature. In conclusion, the elevated temperature leads to root growth reduction, restriction of nutrient uptake from soil and the reduction of leaf pigment contents, which can inhibit the aboveground growth. In addition, higher temperature might act as a stress factor that causes growth reduction through the increase of energy consumption during a growth period.

배양기내에서 모래밭버섯균의 Cd 축적과 내성에 관한 연구

한심희(Sim Hee Han),이경준(Kyung Joon Lee),현정오(Jung Oh Hyun) 한국산림과학회 2001 한국산림과학회지 Vol.90 No.1

This study was conducted to test the Cd accumulation and Cd-tolerance of Pisotithus tinctorius(Pt). Pt was isolated from Pinus thunbergii forest in Muan, Chonnam Province in 1997. Pt was cultured on MMN medium supplemented with CdSO₄·5H₂O at the final concentration of 0, 0.2, 0.5, 2, and l0㎍/㎖ for 40 days. Growth rate and tolerance index of the fungus were measured every week, while Cd concentration, superoxide dismutase(SOD), and glutathione reductase(GR) of the fungus were analyzed at the end of the culturing, Pt showed growth reduction in vitro at 2㎍/㎖ Cd in the medium and almost stopped growth at 10㎍/㎖ Cd. Tolerance index of Pt decreased with increasing Cd concentration. Cd concentration of Pt was the highest at l0㎍/㎖ Cd. Activities of SOD did not show significant difference between Cd concentrations, but GR of Pt increased at 0.5㎍/㎖ Cd, and decreased at 2㎍/㎖ Cd. Consequently Pt could be called Cd accumulator with a tolerance mechanism to Cd. Their tolerance to Cd were expressed through the higher production of antioxidants such as GR. Pt may be used for revegetation and decontamination of soil polluted by heavy metals.

증가한 온도와 CO₂ 농도가 소나무와 곰솔 유묘의 바이오매스 및 생리적 변화에 미치는 영향

한심희(Han, Sim-Hee),신수정(Soo-Jeong Shin) 한국산림바이오에너지학회 2020 산림바이오에너지 Vol.30 No.1

본 연구는 증가한 온도와 CO₂ 농도 환경에서 소나무(Pinus densiflora)와 곰솔(P. thunbergii) 유묘의 바이오매스 생장 변화와 생리적 반응을 분석하기 위하여 실시하였다. 기후변화시나리오에 따라, 온도는 현재 대기 온도(24℃)와 50년 후 예측 온도(27℃)로 처리하였고, CO₂ 농도는 현재 대기 평균 농도(400ppm)와 100년 후 예측 농도(750ppm)를 적용하였다. 온도와 CO₂ 농도 증가는 소나무 유묘의 줄기와 뿌리 바이오매스 변화에는 영향을 주지 않았으나, 곰솔 유묘의 줄기와 뿌리 바이오매스를 증가시켰다. 특히, 높은 온도는 곰솔 줄기의 바이오매스에 더 큰 영향을 주었고, 증가한 CO₂ 농도는 곰솔의 줄기와 뿌리 바이오매스 모두에 영향을 주었다. 또한, 증가한 온도와 CO₂ 농도는 소나무 침엽 내 광색소 함량에는 영향을 주지 않았으나, 곰솔 침엽에서는 광색소 함량을 감소시켰다. 두 수종 모두에서 온도와 CO₂ 농도 증가 시 엽록소 a/b의 비율과 총 엽록소 및 카로테노이드 함량 비율이 감소하였다. 온도와 CO₂ 농도 증가에 따른 항산화효소의 활성은 두 수종 간, 효소 간에 차이가 컸다. 증가한 온도와 CO₂ 농도 환경에서, 소나무 침엽 내 SOD와 GR 활성은 증가하였으나, 곰솔에서는 SOD, APX, GR 활성이 모두 감소하였다. 결론적으로, 증가한 온도와 CO₂ 농도가 소나무에는 스트레스로 작용하여 생장을 억제하였으나, 곰솔에는 생장 촉진 효과를 준 것으로 판단된다. This study was conducted to analyze biomass changes and physiological responses of Pinus densiflora and P. thunbergii seedlings in increased temperature and CO₂ concentration. According to the climate change scenario, the temperature was treated as the current atmospheric temperature (24°C) and the predicted temperature (27°C) 50 years later, and CO₂ concentration was applied with the current atmospheric average concentration (400ppm) and the predicted concentration (750ppm) 100 years later. The increase in temperature and CO₂ concentration did not affect the stem and root biomass changes of P. densiflora, but increased the stem and root biomass of P. thunbergii. In particular, the high temperature had a greater effect on the stem biomass of the P. thunbergii seedlings, and the increased CO₂ concentration affected both the P. thunbergii stem and root biomass. Also, the increased temperature and CO₂ concentration didn’t affect the photosynthetic pigment content in the P. densiflora, but in the P. thunbergii, the photosynthetic pigment content was reduced. In both species, the ratio of chlorophyll a/b and total chlorophyll and carotenoid content was reduced when the temperature and CO₂ concentration were increased. The activity of antioxidant enzymes due to increased temperature and CO₂ concentration differed greatly between the two species and between enzymes. In the increased temperature and CO₂ concentration, superoxide dismuatse (SOD) and glutathion reductase (GR) activity in P. densiflora needles increased, but SOD, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and GR activity all decreased in P. thunbergii. In conclusion, the increased temperature and CO₂ concentration acted as stress on the P. densiflora seedlings to inhibit growth, but it is considered that P. thunbergii seedlings had a growth promotion effect.