視床下部에 對한 電氣的破壞가 性機能에 미치는 影響

崔金子 최신의학사 1960 最新醫學 Vol.3 No.9

企業의 倫理的 課題

崔金子 聖心女子大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

The urgency of the study of business ethics comes from the moral dimensions of business decisions. The moral content in decision-making has increased because the role of Business is very influential in the social system, and, at the same time, society's expectation of Business has also dramatically changed, since it has grown in size and strength. Another factor is that business people often experience a moral ambivalence in themselves, between personal values and the demands of their own organizations. Furthermore, some are not even clear enough to make moral decisions because of their lack of ability as well as the absence of clear guidelines or rules. This moral quandary has been intensified by the erosion of moral accountability which stems from the complex nature and structure of modern business. So this study attempts to stimulate the moral consciousness of Business, and to provide some help for business people in their moral decision-makng process, but this study is not exhaustive. First, the subject of Business Ethics is identified. Recently, Business Ethics has become a fashionable subject rather than a concern of philosophy or ethics. No matter how it appeals to those who are involved, Business Ethics should not he separated from ordinary Ethics or Individual Ethics. Two fundamental types of moral theories are prominent in contemporary philosophy. They have been presented here, together with their attractive and weak points, in the context of their application to business. Each has a radically different moral perspective. One is the Teleontological theory which holds the moral worth of action or practice determined only by its consequences. The other is the Deontological theory which holds moral values not based on consequences, but on duty. The concept of duty is quite independent from the concept of good. The concept of duty is contained in good will, and only when an act is performed from duty does it have moral worth. In any case, the fundamental difference between these two theories is that the Teleontological theory holds moral values focused on the goals of acts and the most efficient means to achieve these goals, whereas the Deontological theory focuses on the means themselves and a moral determination based on the characteristics of the means. Although these theories are useful in making moral decisions, these do not provide a static process by which business people will get an automatic moral answer rather, these will aid in the process of inquiry before making moral decisions. At least three common concerns emerge: duty, ideal, and effect. In the process of inquiry, the first. step is to clarify the important implications of theme three, and the second step is to decide where the emphasis should he given among these concerns. Generally, business decision-makers are advised to choose the greater, more important duty, the higher ideal, and one that produces the most good and the least evil among the given alternatives. Further studies are encouraged in applied normative ethics, so that business people may make better decisions in specific cases, such as discrimination in hiring or promotion, protection of customers, social problems, pollution, wages, etc. In the further study of ethics, we should not forget the origin of eithics, which is the spirit of brotherly love, After all, unless individuals earnestly commit themselves to search for and to practice moral values, the real value of human life will be lost. Any society ignoring the ultimate norm of the Sacred will experience moral corruption: crisis in truthful human relationships, breaking of promises, manipulation, etc., even though, externally, society appears to be prosperous.

2000年代를 向한 大學經營에 관한 硏究 : 美國을 中心으로 Centered on U.S.A

崔金子 聖心女子大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.12 No.1

Higher Education in United State has reached a point where it has to pass through a long and a painful transition period, since it has grown up rapidly during 1960s∼1970s and expanded to the limit. Changes in society always forces Higher Education into a self renewal. The purpose of this study is to find out how Higher Education foresees the future as we approach the year 2000 and how it is to prepare its ways to respond to these changes effectively. It will be very difficult to deal with such a vast subject in this short paper. Therefore this paper will only deal with four year colleges and universities proposing the general direction of Higher Education in the future of about 20 years rather than a particular institution, in order to aid those who are planning the future of Higher Education. Alvin Toffler mentioned recently in his book The Third Wave that a new unknown society is coming and a part of it has shown already. This new society is quite different from the Industrial Society in every aspect. Certainly American Society is changing rapidly and radically. The people who are responsible for Higher Education have to be aware of the core of this new society's movement and be ready to adapt effectively. The main issues which Higher Education are facing now are the problems of decreasing enrollments and financial difficulties which result in less opportunity for the hiring of new and young faculty members. This could gradually damage society as a whole by not utilizing human resources as fully as possible. However this situation is not the chief concern. If it continues, the impact on academic excellence, on undeveloped scientific knowledge, on the spirit of American Society, and on the survival and autonomy of Higher Education could be unfortunate. There has been much research done on the future of Higher Education financed by the government or private foundations. It shows the seriousness of the issues and that Higher Education can not continue without having some kind of innovative self renewal. So it is a great responsibility for those who are in charge of Higher Education because the welfare of Higher Education and of the nation is at stake. Since World War Ⅱ and the post Sputnik period Higher Education in the United State has expanded drastically with a new committment to universal Higher Education supported by the Federal and State government. Higher Education has served American Society well in its development as a first would country, and yet there are some undesirable side effects too: 1) Increase of interference by the government-Since the government began to subsidize Higher Education's expansion, research, and students' tuition the regulation by the government have increased in the area of coordination between institutions. As a result the dependence of Higher Education on the Federal government has increased. Further more the private institutions (1/5 of the total) have also become dependent because of government regulation. However the autonomy of the private institutions should be safe guided for the sake of the public institutions. 2) Obstacles to the development of education-Since the Higher Education responded to the growth and expansion of the number of students with numerous beurocratic organizational techniques, it has neglected innovative educational developments such as the quality of Higher Education, or a clear common understanding of its goals because the immediate and visible matters occupied most of people's energy. 3) Quality crisis-Turning from elite education to mass education Higher Education has to face the problem of curricular which will meet the needs all students who came with different levels of intellectual ability and different back grounds. Further more from the late 70's Higher Education tried to meet the problem of the decrease of enrollments by lowering the standards of entrance, by creating credit inflation in oder to attract students, and by introducing new subjects which would be more favorable to the students. These things are causing Higher Education to loose their public credibility, which is very important for the public supports. 4) Financial crisis-The government has taken great responsibility for the financial burdens of the expansion of Higher Education since the 1930s. Because the support from the government and the enrollments have decreased recently the financial difficulties have become a big issue in Higher Education, especially in private institution. Higher Education has to try its best to keep the same level of government support with less interference, as well as to search for private support which will give them a chance to remain autonomous institutions. There are too many tenured faculty members who are hired during the expansion period. Higher educational institutions are having difficulty being responsible for their welfare as they grow older, and as a result have also fewer opportunities for hiring new faculty. 5) Organizational structure-The Higher Educational institutions have organizational chart which is some what similar to those other enterprises, and yet they perform differently in achieving their goals. To set a clear goal statement itself is very difficult compared with the process in business enterprises because of the variety of interests among the people who are involved. It is also not easy to measure and to evaluate its performance in terms of quantitative standards because the main activities in Higher Education are teaching and research which is performed according to the individual tastes. Individual interests were allowed in the name of academic freedom and autonomy, and therefore the individual who possesses special knowledge enjoyed academic freedom and autonomy so that no body could interfere in his/her own field. This guaranteed the faculty freedom from the hierarchical structure of the institution and even from other faculties. This is a uniqueness of the organizational structure of Higher Education. The problem occur because there are two structures in one institution; an academic structure and an administrative structure. there has been much conflict in managing Higher educational institutions since every body in the institution wants to participate in decision making, even faculty and students. They do have much to contribute and present their own needs etc., but the qualification of each group to participate fully in decision making is another matter to be discussed. In fact many institutions of Higher Education have opened the door for every body to take part. These issues, except the structural matter, are cause for national concern because they may have some impact on American Society. So it is very important to plan ahead to solve some of these issues although it is impossible to solve every thing because of uncertaintities. In fact the future will be determined by the choice of the present, but it is helpful to have some kind of prospect about the future, not out of curiosity, but with an effort to readjust to the future effectively. The coming 20 years will be a painful transition period for Higher Education. It needs creative administrative skills rather than keeping the status quo or managing for survival. There will be several out side forces which will demand much of Higher Education and yet, as it has been historically there will be room for internal choices to be made as a response to society's demands. In considering of the world power structure or of cultural development the United State will stands as a leader. The United State will not allow their country to fail in competition with Russia in such areas as scientific war, power balance, etc. In order to do that, they have to over come the limitation of natural resources, as well as energy resources. The human resources are widely available and the human brain can develop ways to over come even the limitation of natural resources. The United State will not give up developing their human resources. Also if we consider the American people we see that each one wants to enrich his/her individual life. They will not stop investing in education which is a mean of providing what he/she needs. So the future will continue to offer the same diversity of educational opportunities for their people, and the cost of it will be nothing in comparison with its advantages which the people will bring to the nation later. As stated above, the internal choice to cooperate with future external forces is a very important aspect of which educational leaders should be aware. Through a process of critical analysis based on what they know now individual institutions should plan effectively for the future. Present society is demanding some thing more that what Higher Education has been doing to be faithful to its mission. The mission of transmission of knowledge, research, socialization of youth, and the preparation of services for society as well as critical evaluation of society, will be continued with a heightened sense of responsibility and vitality, and also with more open organizational strategies in order to cope effectively with the challenges of the future society. Thus, it is a question of how Higher Education in the United State will solve its tasks for the future as it approaches the year 2000. But the welfare of Higher Education and of the nation will not only depend on the external forces which will challenge, but also on the internal choices of the individual institutions. Therefore the planning for the future must based on broad perspectives of the future, not just on immediate concerns for survival or maintaining the status quo. Other wise the future of Higher Education will fail to meet global needs.

따로 또 같이-나의 이웃사촌, 교황 요한 바오로 2세

최금자 우리신학연구소 2005 갈라진 시대의 기쁜소식 Vol.- No.678

윤리적 기업문화 형성

최금자 가톨릭대학교산업경영연구소 2003 産業經營硏究 Vol.- No.11

가톨릭 사회윤리에 기초한 기업의 윤리적 원칙 구축

최금자 가톨릭대학교산업경영연구소 2002 産業經營硏究 Vol.- No.10

2000年代 經營者의 特性

崔金子 聖心女子大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

非行 少年에 關한 硏究

崔今子 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교육심리학과 1964 心理硏究 Vol.- No.5

선천성 비후성 유문협착증의 임상적 고찰

최금자 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1986 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.9 No.4

Fifteen infants with congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis who underwent pyloromyotomy at Dept. of Surgery, Ewha Womans Univ. Hospital for 5 years from Sept. 1981 to Aug. 1986, have been reviewed. The results were as follows. 1) Infants with congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis were 1.6% of the total pediatric surgical patients. 2) Eleven cases male and 4 cases were female. A ratio of male to fermale was 2.8:1. 3) The age distribution was 11 cases(73.3%) between 4 and 6 weeks. 4) The distribution of birth rank in siblings was 7 cases of first-born infants and 8 cases of second-born infants. 5) The distribution of type of feeding was 7 cases of breast-fed infants and 6 cases of cow milk-fed infants. 6) The seasonal distribution was 6 cases in Winter, 5 cases in Spring, and each 2 cases in Summer and Autumn. 7) The number of cases associated with the other congenital anomalies was 3 cases. 8) Non bile-stained projectile vomiting was the most prominant symptom and onset time was mostly between 3 and 5 weeks. 9) The pathognomonic olive shaped mass was palpable in 11 cases and the size of mass was average 2.4x1. 4㎝. 10) The results of Ramstedt pyloromyotomy or Koop's modification was excellent without operative faults.

제27차 학술대회 : 83. 급성담낭염으로 인한 다발성 담낭 파열 ( 증례보고 )

최금자,김옥영,최용만 대한외과학회 1975 대한외과학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.- No.-