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고덕원 국보 동조아미타여래좌상의 표면에 생성한 부식생성물의 해석
송전사랑,청목번부,강대일,Matsuda Shiro,Aoki Shigeo,Kang, Dai-il 국립문화재연구소 1996 保存科學硏究 Vol.17 No.-
최근 환경 오염의 영향으로 문화재가 급속히 손상되고 있다. 이에 일본 동경국립문화재연구소에서는 1992년부터 일본 겸창시의 고덕원, 귀원원, 학강팔번궁, 도근현의 일어기신사, 내량시의 동대사 등에 환경 오염 관측 스테이션을 설치하여 조사하고 있다. 본고는 1996년 3월 일본 동경국립문화재연구소에서 발행된 보존과학 제35호에 실린 송전사랑, 청목번부씨의 “고덕원 국보 동조아미타여래좌상의 표면에 생성한 부식생성물의 해석”논문을 저자의 호의에 의해 번역하였다. In natural atmosphere, copper and copper alloy have been used to make buddha statues and ornaments of historic buildings since the abovementioned metals have corrosion resistance in some extent, and the patinaformed on the surface of the metals has provided the people aesthetic satisfaction with its beauty. But in atmosphere polluted by $SO_x$and $NO_x$, the patina layer does not work as a protective film, and it allows damages of the metal. Since 1992, Tokyo National Research Institute of Cultural Properties(TNRICP)has conducted studies on the influence of atmospheric pollution on metal cultural property held under open air. The Great Buddha Image which is located in Kamakura about 50km west from Tokyo, has been selected as one of the objects to study because it is made by copper alloy and it has stood exposed in the air for about a few hundreds years. Furthermore it is also the reason to study on it that there are many cultural properties in the surroundings of it. We have analysed the components and the structure of the corrosion products formed on the surface of the Buddha, have carried out exposure tests using the alloy samples which have simulated the components of the Great Image, and have observed climated and polluted air in order to discuss the relation between corrosion of metals in open air and conditions of the atmosphere. In this paper, the authors have described the components and the structure of the corrosion product formed on the surface of the Great Image by means of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The conclusions are as follows. (1) Sulfate patina composed mainly with brochantite were detected on the all sides of the Image and the amount of the patina is found more on the back of the Image facing to north. (2) Antlerite were detected on the back and a park of the left side facing to west, and formation of it was considered to have close relation with malignant atmosphere. (3) A big amount of chloride patina which mainly composed of atacamite were observed on the front facing to south. (4) Carbonate patina mainly composed of malachite were detected on the area where brochantite was often detected as well. It suggested that malachite had been transformed into brochantite by deteriorated atmosphere. (5) On the all sides of the Image, patina were observed together with copper oxides mainly composed of cuprous oxide. It showed that the surface layer of the Image consists of two layers : inner layer of oxide and outer layer of patina. (6) Corrosion products of lead which was a component of copperalloy were detected on the all sides : the main lead product found on the front was chlorophosphate whereas the one on the back was sulfate.
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경천사10층석탑 오염물 제거 방안 연구-레이저를 이용한 오염물의 제거 방안 중심으로
김진형,김사덕,강대일,청목번부,Kim, Jin-Hyung,Kim, Sa-Dug,Kang, Dai-Ill,Aoki Shigeo 국립문화재연구소 2002 保存科學硏究 Vol.23 No.-
It has been proved that pollutants stuck on the surface of stone architecture have significant direct and indirect harmful effects on them. Among them some do not look evidently harmful, but they have potentials to ruin stone architecture as time goes on. Since the cultural assets have magnificent meanings as historical aspects, their future states should be considered seriously as well as that of the presence. The past method to get rid of the pollutants from the surface of cultural properties has been changed a lot till the present along with scientific development of technology on this field. Existing method to eliminating pollutants are based on physical and chemical processing, which can make damages on them too. Recently cleansing using LASER has been developed in Europe and proved as effective and relatively less harmful to remove pollutants, and it has been adopted widely. After the success of the way by LASER, there are several trials to adopt the way to our cultural properties which have similar materials. Those showed satisfactory results and studies for developing the securer and more dependable ways to apply. From now on the report will show the effective ways to apply the method using LASER on to the similar materials and different materials as well and discuss about the pros and cons about the method.
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