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분광광도법을 이용한 간단한 in Chemico 피부감작성 시험법의 개발
차동호 ( Dong-ho Cha ),네팔마헤시 ( Mahesh Raj Nepal ),김건호 ( Geon-ho Kim ),강미정 ( Mi-jeong Kang ),정태천 ( Tae-cheon Jeong ) 한국동물실험대체법학회 2019 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.13 No.1
For the key event No. 1 in skin sensitization, a hapten should react with endogenous proteins for the initiation of immune reaction. Although Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA) has been developed as an alternative method for key event 1, artificially synthesized peptides and HPLC should be employed in performance, which are somewhat inconvenient. In the present study, a simple spectrophotometrical method to identify skin sensitizers in chemico was developed by using cysteamine, an endogenous substance that contains amino and thiol groups. To quantitate remaining cysteamine following the reaction with skin sensitizers, 5,5’-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) was selected for the derivatization. The conditions optimized included: incubation time of cysteamine with test substances, molar ratios of cysteamine to test substances, stability of derivatized products of test substances with optimal concentration and incubation time of DTNB, and spectrophotometrical characteristics of the derivatized product. With the optimized conditions, 11 skin sensitizers and non-sensitizers were tested to know whether the method is feasible or not. Although further optimization is required, it would be a useful screening tool for determining skin sensitization potential of small molecules, because the present method employs simple endogenous cysteamine as an acceptor for sensitizers with a spectrophotometric detection system,.
차동호(Dong-Ho Cha) 한국비평이론학회 2009 비평과이론 Vol.14 No.1
This paper focuses on the eurocentric ideology of universalism in J. W. Goethe's "World Literature" paradigm, which has been a comparatist manifesto in the department of western comparative literature since its foundation. Goethe insists that "national literature is no longer of importance, it is time for world literature." It means that the phenomenon which he calls world literature will come about mainly when the disputes within one nation are settled by the opinions and judgements of others. So, western comparative literature studies claim to stand for the principles of universalism of Goethe's world literature, which totalize international literary works across linguistic, territorial, and national particularities. In the early twentieth century, this kind of literary universalism seems to go beyond the european nationalism, which has produced the nation-centric tendency since the eighteenth century. However, simple universalism cannot be the eventual alternative to particularism is not defined by the transcendental separatism, but rather by the correlative, situational position of the viewer. For example, a certain cultural category looks like universal to the interior inhabitant, whereas looks like particular to the exterior inhabitant. In the instance of nation, national culture and identity functions to bind together heterogenic members into the single national group, but in the instance of the global, national culture and identity functions to differentiate distinctive national groups. Universalism and particularism are not divided into the absolute opposite ends. They are not only connected to each other, but also maintain the immanent relation. Behind the universalism of Goethe's world literature, there exists an ambivalent collusion with particularism, which might result in any kinds of centrism. According to Goethe's remark of "a European, indeed a world literature," his concept of world literature is not a universal category that includes all of the world nations, but rather a limited category that includes only european nations. So, it is inevitable that the universal appeal of world literature should be questioned by the ideological inspection. In fact, Goethe, and then western comparative literature' universalism is related to the european imperial expansion in the nineteenth century. The european expansion into the outside of Europe makes any kinds of universalistic claim because expanding far beyond the continent of europe offers the possibility that bind together each of european nations into the single Europe. Therefore, we must have a doubt about the real meaning and intention of all kinds of universalistic claims, revealing the limitations of those, and thereby promise that the more universal universalism could make its appearance.
치올기 함유 저분자 화합물과의 반응성을 이용하는 간단한 in chemico 피부감작성 시험법의 개발 가능성 평가
김건호 ( Geon Ho Kim ),차동호 ( Dong Ho Cha ),구형모 ( Hyung Mo Gu ),박재성 ( Jae Sung Park ),정재훈 ( Jae Hoon Jeong ),황진선 ( Jin Sum Hwang ),네팔마헤시 ( Mahesh Raj Nepal ),정태천 ( Tae Cheon Jeong ) 한국동물실험대체법학회 2020 동물실험대체법학회지 Vol.14 No.1
For the initiation of skin sensitization reaction, a sensitizer should react with endogenous proteins. During the haptenization of a sensitizer with proteins, it is also possible for a sensitizer to react with small molecules that contain either amino or thiol group, indicating a possibility to develop a simple skin sensitization test using the reactivity of test compounds with thiol-containing low molecular weight compounds. In the present study, 10 compounds that contain a thiol group were pre-tested to determine whether the reactivity with a thiol-detecting monobromobimane would be in concentration-dependent manners. Subsequently, among thiol compounds, a simple spectrofluorometrical method to identify skin sensitizers in chemico was tested with glutathione, an endogenous substance that contains amino and thiol groups. To flurorometrically quantitate the remaining thiol-containing compounds following a reaction with skin sensitizers, monobromobimane was employed. The conditions optimized included: incubation conditions of thiol compounds including glutathione with monobromobimane, molar ratios of thiol compounds to monobromobimane, optimal concentration and incubation time of monobromobimane, and pH and incubation time with test compounds. With a tentatively optimized conditions, 4 skin sensitizers and 2 non-sensitizers were tested to know whether the method could correctly identify skin sensitizers and non-sensitizers. The results indicated a good possibility. Although further optimization is required, it would be a useful screening tool for determining skin sensitization potential of test compounds, because the present method employs a simple endogenous thiol compound as an acceptor for sensitizers with a spectrofluorometric detection system requiring neither experimental animals nor cell cultures.