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조민조 ( Min Joe Cho ),강필종 ( Pil Chong Kang ),이봉주 ( Bong Joo Lee ) 大韓遠隔探査學會 1992 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.8 No.1
The study is to analize the spectral characteristics of metamorphic rocks by their spectral reflectance curves obtained from CARY 17-D Spectrophotometer. Coarse grained rocks generally show strong absorption at 1.4 and 1.9㎛ due to preserved water inclusion in quartz or feldspar. The basic rocks show a broad absorption due to Fe++ ion rich in mafic minerals. Strong absorption near 2.0+㎛ suggests existence of carbonate or clay minerals.
한반도 Lineament와 Circular/Arc Structure 연구
강필종 ( Pil Chong Kang ),조민조 ( Min Joe Cho ),이봉주 ( Bong Joo Lee ) 大韓遠隔探査學會 1991 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.7 No.2
The study is to analyze and interpret lineaments and circular/arc structures on the Landsat TM images which cover the Korean peninsula and the attached islands except the Ulneung island. The Landsat TM images which cover the Korean territory are 23 scenes, and band 3 and band 5 were selected for the study from seven bands, because the both bands are sensitive on soil moisture and geological materials. Lineament trend anslysis shows Sinian direction(NNE-SSW), Pyeongan direction(NW-SE), Yodong direction(NE-SW), Korean direction(NNW-SSE) and Danyang direction (WNW-ESE) are predominant lineament trends of Korea. Circular/arc structures can be devided into four categories according to their origin; 1) volcanic activity origin, 2) granite intrusion oringin, 3) structural origin and 4) the others.
강필종 ( Pil Chong Kang ),조민조 ( Min Joe Cho ),이봉주 ( Bong Joo Lee ) 大韓遠隔探査學會 1990 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.6 No.1
The study is aimed to analize the spectral characteristics of igneous and sedimentary rocks on their reflectance curves obtained from CARY 17-D Spectrophotometer, and correlation between chemical composition and HHRR data. The reflectance is higher in acidic igneous rocks, while lower in basic igneous rocks. Especially acidic plutonic rocks show sharp absorption bands at 1.4 and 1.9μm due to water inclusion in felsic minerals and basic rocks a broad absoption band near 1μm due to Fe++ ion in mafic minerals. Sandstones generally have higher reflectance than siltstones and shales, and show strong absorption at 1.4 and 1.9μm. Arkosic sandstones have lower reflectance at blue band due to Fe+++ ion exsolved from feldspars. The HHRR data have a positive correlation with SiO2 and K2O, while they have a negative correlation with FeO and MgO.
국가 지하수관측소 지하수위, 전기전도도 및 수온자료에 대한 모수적 및 비모수적 변동 경향성 분석
이진용,이명재,이재명,안경환,원종호,문상호,조민조,Lee, Jin-Yong,Yi, Myeong-Jae,Lee, Jae-Myeong,Ahn, Kyoung-Hwan,Won, Jong-Ho,Moon, Sang-Ho,Cho, Min-Joe 한국지하수토양환경학회 2006 지하수토양환경 Vol.11 No.2
Trends of variation in groundwater levels, electrical conductivities and water temperatures obtained from the national groundwater monitoring stations (95 shallow and 169 deep wells) of Korea were evaluated. For the analysis, both parametric (linear regression) and non-parametric (Mann-Kendall test, Sen's test) methods were adopted. Results of linear regression analysis indicated that about 50% of the monitoring wells showed increasing trends of groundwater levels, electrical conductivities, and water temperatures and the others showed decreasing trends. However, the non-parametric analyses with monthly median values revealed that $14.8{\sim}20.0%$ of water levels were decreased, $24.2{\sim}36.9%$ of electrical conductivities were increased, and $27.4{\sim}32.5%$ of water temperatures were increased at a confidence level of 99%. Highly proportions of increasing or decreasing trends were unexpected and they resulted from the relatively short term of data collection (maximum 6 years). Meanwhile, the investigation of groundwater around the national groundwater monitoring stations showed that the decreasing or increasing trends of water levels, electrical conductivities, themselves, didn't indicate directly groundwater hazards such as groundwater depletion or groundwater contamination. Both the values and variation rates (slopes) of water level, electrical conductivity and temperature in the longer period are considered simultaneously. This study is the first comprehensive work in analyzing trends of groundwater data obtained from the national groundwater monitoring stations. Based on this study, the periodical and regular analysis of groundwater data is essentially required to grasp the overall variational trend of groundwater resources in the country. 본 연구에서는 국가 지하수관측소에서 획득한 지하수위, 전기전도도 및 수온 관측자료에 대해 모수 및 비모수 경향 분석을 실시하였다. 분석대상은 2003년까지 3년 이상 모니터링을 실시하고 있는 관측소의 지하수 자료이며, 이에는 충적관측정 95개소와 암반관측정 169개소가 해당된다. 모수분석으로 일평균 및 월중앙값에 대해 선형회귀분석을, 그리고 비모수분석으로 월중앙값에 대해 Mann-Kendall test 및 Sen's test를 적용하였다. 선형회귀분석을 통해서는 약50%의 관측정에서 수위, 전기전도도 및 수온이 증가경향을 나타내었고 나머지 절반은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 월중앙값을 이용한 비모수 경향분석에서는 99% 신뢰수준에서 지하수위는 $14.8{\sim}20.0%$가 감소경향으로 나타났고, 전기전도도는 $24.2{\sim}36.9%$가 증가경향을 보였으며, 수온의 경우에는 $27.4{\sim}32.5%$가 증가경향을 보였다. 높은 비율의 관측정에서 증가 혹은 감소의 경향성을 보이는 것은 분석대상 기간이 상대적으로 짧은(최장 6년) 것에 기인한 결과일 수 있다. 한편 현장조사를 실시하여 평가한 결과에서 나타난 지하수위 혹은 전기전도도의 감소 혹은 증가경향 자체가 직접적인 지하수 장해를 의미하지는 않는다. 결국 장기적인 경향성과 더불어 해당 인자의 값 자체 및 감소율을 고려하여야 한다. 본 연구는 국가 지하수관측소 자동 측정자료에 대한 최초의 전면적인 경향분석 결과이다. 이번 연구사례를 토대로 국내 지하수 자원의 전체적인 변동상황을 파악하기 위해서는 정기적인 경향분석을 수행할 필요가 있다.
LANDSAT DATA의 영상처리수법(映像處理手法)에 의한 서울-동두천(東豆川) 간(間)의 LINEAMENT 연구(硏究)
강필종 ( Pil Chong Kang ),지광훈 ( Kwang Hoon Chi ),조민조 ( Min Joe Cho ),최영섭 ( Young Sup Choi ) 大韓遠隔探査學會 1985 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.1 No.1
The study was emphasized on application of the digital image processing techniques for lineament analysis. The major lineament of the study area belongs to Choogaryong faults which many geologists have studied since 1903. Also the lineament is so significant in geological views, because the lineament runs through Seoul area. The several image processing methods such as gradient, Laplacian and spatial filter have been applied, and the spatial filtering is most suitable method for lineament analysis among them. The lineaments distribute predominently in the N20°-30°E trend and N80°-90°W trend which have the conjugated relationship each other, and it coincides with the Gyeongsang conjugate system. The circular structure of study area was developed by cooling circular joint.
LANDSAT TM자료(資料)에 의한 광화대조사(鑛化帶調査) 응용기법개발(應用技法開發)
강필종 ( Pil Chong Kang ),지광훈 ( Kwang Hoon Chi ),조민조 ( Min Joe Cho ),최영섭 ( Young Sup Choi ) 大韓遠隔探査學會 1986 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.2 No.2
TM data, which have better resolution in spatial and spectral than MSS data, were used for this study, and several Image Processing Techniques(IPT) were examined for finding the best IPT to fit to lineament extraction and mineralized zone mapping. The Ryeongnam area was selected as a test area, because the area is one of major mineralized zones in Korea and its hydrothermal alteration zone is wider and deeper than other areas. The spatial filtering method is most optimum one for lineament extraction: that is, the directional spatial filtering is most efficient to detect N-S, E-W direction lineaments on the image, and the high boost filtering can be applied for mapping all direction lineaments. The ratio method was selected for detecting altered zone. It is possible to make several tens combinations in ratio with 7 bands of TM data, but considering spectral characteristics of each band of TM to the geological meterials and vegetation, the band 4/band 3(A), band 5/band 7(B), and B/A ratio methods were chosen among them. The 5/7 ratio image did not show clearly the altered area due to noise from vegetation cover, so the 4/3 ratio image was used for trying to decrease the effect of vegetation. As a result the B/A ratio image showed quite nicely the altered zone of the test area. In conclusion, the spatial filtering is the best image processing techniques for lineament mapping, and the B/A ratio image in TM data is useful for the mineralized zone mapping.