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유전알고리즘 기반의 사용자 파라미터 설정과 코드 진행을 고려한 리듬과 멜로디 자동 작곡 시스템
정재훈(Jaehun Jeong),안창욱(Chang Wook Ahn) 한국정보과학회 2016 정보과학회논문지 Vol.43 No.2
본 논문에서는 주어진 코드 진행에서 비화성음을 활용한 화려한 멜로디를 자동으로 생성하는 새로운 진화적 자동 음악 작곡 시스템을 제안한다. 전체 시스템은 리듬 생성과 멜로디 생성의 두 단계로 나누어지며, 사용자 설정 파라미터로 제어되는 리듬 적합도 평가 함수와 화성학 기반으로 설계된 멜로디 적합도 평가 함수, 그리고 멜로디 최적화 성능 향상을 위해 설계된 음악적 문맥을 고려한 진화연산을 소개한다. 제안하는 리듬 적합도 평가 함수의 최적화에서 표준 유전알고리즘과 엘리티즘이 적용된 유전알고리즘, 차분진화 알고리즘, 그리고 입자군집최적화 알고리즘의 비교 실험을 하였으며, 멜로디 적합도 평가함수 최적화에서 위 4가지 알고리즘과 제안하는 진화연산을 적용한 유전알고리즘과의 비교 실험을 통해 성능을 검증하고, 생성된 멜로디에 대한 음악적 분석을 수행하였다. In this paper, we propose an automatic melody composition system that can generate a sophisticated melody by adding non-harmony tone in the given chord progression. An overall procedure consists of two steps, which are the rhythm generation and melody generation parts. In the rhythm generation part, we designed new fitness functions for rhythm that can be controlled by a user setting parameters. In the melody generation part, we designed new fitness functions for melody based on harmony theory. We also designed evolutionary operators that are conducted by considering a musical context to improve computational efficiency. In the experiments, we compared four metaheuristics to optimize the rhythm fitness functions: Simple Genetic Algorithm (SGA), Elitism Genetic Algorithm (EGA), Differential Evolution (DE), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Furthermore, we compared proposed genetic algorithm for melody with the four algorithms for verifying performance. In addition, composition results are introduced and analyzed with respect to musical correctness.
사마천(司馬遷)이 그린 흉노(匈奴)의 ‘진상(眞相)’과 후대의 이해 ― 『사기(史記)』 「흉노열전(匈奴列傳)」 모두(冒頭)의 선조(先祖)와 유목(遊牧) 관련 기록의 재검토 ―
정재훈 ( Jeong Jaehun ) 중앙아시아학회 2020 中央아시아硏究 Vol.25 No.2
In the course of organizing and reviewing the previous understanding the fore record of Biography of Xiongnu(匈奴), Shiji (史記), it led to the question that some of the contents of the ancestor of Xiongnu and their nomadic lifestyle were intertwined. It has been pointed out and understood according to three previous explanations(三家註). According to existing understanding, Chun Wei(淳維), the ancestor of the Xiongnu, fled to the place of three tribes that had lived in the Northern area since the before the period of Yao-Shun(堯舜), and became the Xiongnu of the late period of the War(戰國時代). However, unlike the previous understanding that Chun Wei entered the North place and the tribes living in the Northern place were nomadic, the explanation of nomadic life style was linked to the explaining their ancestors. In this case, the first part will be the track record of ancestor Chun Wei, and the second part will be the accurate expression of Sima Qian on nomadic life style. As an extension of this understanding, the background of Sima Qian(司馬遷)'s accurate depiction of the nomadic expression was traced to later generations. Ban Gu(班固) wrote down Sima Qian’s expression as it was, but Fan Ye(范曄) quoted a book from the biography of Northern People(北狄傳), which emphasized the movement, contrary to Sima Qian's understanding. Since then, Fan Ye's expression has been stuck in cliché, as it continues to be quoted in biography of Northern People. During the Tang(唐) Dynasty, nomads were even described as being disparaging or wandering. This was unfortunately the result of the misunderstanding of Sima Qian's precise understanding of nomads in later generations. Moreover, this was further reinforced later by repeated references to nomads in other works. To explain the settlement process of prejudice against nomads projected in this later biography of Northern People and corrected the misunderstanding, I newly tried to read the records of the ancestor and the nomadic lifestyle in first part of the biography of Xiongnu. By organizing the contents as a whole, I restored the “Real Xiongnu” of Sima Qian had drawn, and was able to understand the nomadic lifestyle and the other side exactly. In the process, I identified the excellence of Sima Qian’s records, who accurately grasped the characteristics of the recording object and described it as if he had seen it with his own eyes. I also know that this material confirms again that it is crucial to restore history anew. A more in-depth review of other parts of the biography of Xiongnu will allow us to try a new approach to the Xiongnu history.
정재훈 ( Jeong Jaehun ) 중앙아시아학회 2021 中央아시아硏究 Vol.26 No.2
Sima Qian admitted that he could not accurately understand the development of the northern history over a thousand years, but arranged the development of the pre-history by “from Rong-di to Rong, Rong, Hu, and to Xiongnu”. This is a new approach to existing research based on a biased understanding of the “Northern people(Bei-di) = Nomadic people = Xiongnu”. Through this, it is possible to organize the records of Sima Qian's pre-history of Xiongnu empire, which accurately identifies the characteristics of individual existence and systematically organizes them according to the changes of the times. Although the historical trends of Northern people, which have been closely related to the China, are weak in specificity, it is possible to give a general understanding of the Xiongnu history who emerged later. This fully reviewed Sima Qian's compositions willingness to provide accurate information about the Xiongnu, just as Confucius tried to write exactly the book of Chunqiu(春秋). This is because it is important for Sima Qian to provide accurate information to prepare countermeasures against the Xiongnu empire, who were then the targets of a strong threat to China. He recorded the history of the Xiongnu with this problematic consciousness and objectively summarized the situation before the foundation of state in B.C. 209. This is not an explanation of the Xiongnu's orgin, but the objective information about the situation in the North before their appearance. Therefore, new research and compilation of records of the Xiongnu can confirm the objective record of Sima Qian. It will be an opportunity to study the possibility of a new approach in the history of Xiongnu.
보편적 기본소득 정책 효과의 정량분석: 노동시장 분석을 중심으로
鄭在勛 ( Jaehun Jeong ),沈明圭 ( Myungkyu Shim ) 한국국제경제학회 2021 국제경제연구 Vol.27 No.3
본 논문은 전 국민에게 월 30만 원의 기본소득을 도입할 경우 발생하는 거시경제적 효과를 노동이 분할가능하지 않은 이질적 동태확률 일반균형모형을 통해 정량적으로 분석한다. 모형에서 기본소득의 재원 마련을 위해 소득세와 소비세를 각각 고려할 때 소비세 인상방안이 사회 후생손실 및 거시경제에 대한 부정적인 효과를 감소시킨다는 측면에서 우월하다. 하지만 해당 정책 역시 월 30만 원의 기본소득 도입을 위해서 소비세율이 현행 10%에서 약 36%로 큰 폭으로 인상되어야 하며, 기준모형 하에서 균제상태의 고용률은 66.8%에서 62.1%로 하락시켜 총생산 및 소비대등후생(CEV)을 각각 11.1%, 7.2% 하락시킨다는 측면에서 사회 전반에 부정적인 면이 큰 것으로 나타난다. This paper analyzes with a heterogenous agent DSGE model the extent to which the introduction of universal basic income (UBI) affects the aggregate economy. We first show that distortions arise from consumption tax is less severe than those from income tax. However, even the consumption tax-financed UBI is socially undesirable as it significantly lowers employment rate, GDP, consumption, and social welfare. We further confirm the robustness of our findings to alternative model setup and parameter values.