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조병원(Byung Won Cho),이응조(Eung Cho Lee),윤경석(Kyung Suk Yun),박성용(Seong Yong Park),조원일(Won Il Cho) 한국수소및신에너지학회 1990 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.2 No.1
Pure titanium rods were oxidized by anodic oxidation, furnace oxidation and flame oxidation and used as a electrode in the photodecomposition of water. The maximum photoelectrochemical conversion efficiency(n) was found for flame oxidized electrode (1200℃ for 2 min in air), 0.8%. Anodically oxidized electrodes have minimum photoelectrochemical conversion efficiencies, 0.3%. Furnace oxidized electrode (800℃ for 10min in air) has 0.5% photoelectrochemical efficiency and shows a bandgap energy of about 2.9eV. The efficiency shows a parallelism with the presence of the metallic interstitial compound TiO<sub>o+x</sub>(X<0.33) at the metal-semiconductor interface, the thickness of the suboxide layer and that of the external rutile scale.
박성용,조병원,주재백,윤경석,이응조 ( Seong Young Park,Byung Won Cho,Jeh Beck Ju,Kyung Suk Yun,Eung Cho Lee ) 한국공업화학회 1992 공업화학 Vol.3 No.1
광 전기분해시 양극으로 사용되는 산화티타늄 반도체 전극의 안정성을 증대시키고 효율향상을 위해서 순수한 티타늄 전극을 양극 산화법, 전기로 산화법, 불꽃 산화법으로 산화 피막을 제조하였으며 In을 Ti와 TiO_2소지에 전기도금을 한 후 전기로 산화법으로 혼합 산화물을 제조하였다. 또한 Al_2O_3와 NiO는 진공증착 방법을 이용하여 Ti 소지위에 증착시킨 후 전기로 산화법을 이용하여 흔합 산화물을 제조하였다. 에너지변환 효율(η)은 인가전위에 따라서 다른 값을 갖는데 0.6V로 계산하여 보면 1200℃의 불꽃으로 2분간 산화시킨 전극이 0.98%로 가장 큰 값을 가졌으며 양극 산화법으로 제조한 전극의 η는 0.14%로 작은 값을 보여 주었다. 한편 800℃ 전기로에서 17분간 산화시킨 전극의 η는 0.57%로 띠간 에너지는 2.9eV로 나타났다. 한편 In을 Ti 및 TiO_2 소지위에 전기도금시킨 전극의 η는 0.8%였으며 인가전위가 증가함에 따라서 η는 증가하였다. 그러나 Al_2O_3와 NiO를 Ti소지위에 진공증착시킨 전극의 η는 다른 전극들에 비해서 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다. For the development of semiconducting photoelectrode to be more stable and efficient in the process of photoelectrolysis of the water, pure titanium rods were oxidized by anodic oxidation, furance oxidation and flame oxidation and used as electrodes. The Indium islands were formed by electrodeposition of In thin film on TiO_2 and Ti by electrodeposition. Also Al_2O_3 and NiO islands were coated on Ti by the electron-beam evaporation technique. The maximum photoelectrochemical conversion efficiency(η) was 0.98% for flame oxidized electrode(1200℃ for 2min in air). Anodically oxidized electrodes have photoelectrochemical conversion efficiency of 0.14%. Furnace oxidized electrode(800℃ for 10min in air) has 0.57% of photoelectrochemical efficiency and shows a band-gap energy of about 2.9eV. The In_2O_3 coated TiO_2 exhibits 0.8% of photoelectrochemical efficiency but much higher value of ηwas obtained with the increase of applied bias voltage. However, Al_2O_3 or NiO coated TiO_2 shows much low value of η. The efficiency was dependent on the presence of the metallic interstitial compound TiO_(O+X)(x<0.33) at the metal-semiconductor interface and the thickness of the suboxide layer and the external rutile scale.
Ti-Ga 합금 위에 형성된 산화티타늄 피막의 광 전기분해 특성에 관한 연구
박성용(Seong Yong park),조병원(Byung Won Cho),윤경석(Kyung Suk Yun),이응조(Eung Cho Lee) 한국수소및신에너지학회 1992 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.3 No.2
With the aim to obtain TiO₂ films with an increased photorespones and absorbance in the visible region of the solar spectrum, the direct oxidation of titanium alloys were performed. In this study, Ti-Ga₂O₃ alloy was prepared by mixing, pressing and arc melting of appropriate amounts of titanium and Ga₂O₃ powder. Electrochemical measurements were performed in three electrode cell using electrolyte of 1M NaOH solution. The oxide films on Ti-Ga₂O₃ alloy was composed of Ti₂O, TiO, TiO₂, Ga₂TiO<sub>5</sub>. The free energy efficiency (ne) of Ti-Ga₂O₃ oxide films had 0.8-1.3% and were increased with the increase of Ga₂O₃ content up to 10wt%. The onset potential (V_(on)) had -0.8V-0.9V ranges and were shifted to anodic direction with the increase of Ga₂O₃ content. The spectral response of Ti-Ga₂O₃ oxides were similar to the response of the TiO₂ and their E<sub>g</sub> were observed to 2.90-3.0eV. Variations of onset potential(V<sub>on</sub>) associated with electrolyte pH were -59mV/pH. This probably reflects the nature of the bonding of OH<sup>-</sup> ion to the TiO₂ surface, a common phenomena in the transition-metal oxides.
황산용액중 D2EHPA 의 아연용매추출에 관한 열역학적 모델
이응조,이만승 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 2000 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.38 No.7
A thermodynamic model of chemical equilibria with mass and charge balance equations has been developed for the solvent extraction of ZnSO₄-H₂SO₄-H₂O-D2EHPA-kerosene system. The activity coefficients of all solutes in the aqueous phase were calculated by Pitzer's equation. By applying present model, the equilibrium concentrations of solutes could be calculated from the stoichiometric concentrations of aqueous phase and pH. The extracted metal species and extraction equilibrium constant were found to be ZnHA₃ and 9.77×10^(-2) from the slope analysis of the equilibrium extraction data. The predicted distribution coefficients of zinc were in good agreement with experimental results.
수산화나트륨 용액에 의한 Sn 및 Sn-Fe 혼합체로부터 주석의 침출 거동
이응조,전우식 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 2001 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.39 No.10
The leaching behavior of tin from pure Sn and Sn-Fe couple in caustic solutions has been investigated using a rotating disc. Oxygen was used as an oxidant. The effect of concentration of NaOH, rotation speed, temperature and oxygen potential has been studied. The leaching rate of tin from Sn-Fe couple was reduced than that from pure tin at relatively low oxygen potentials due to galvanic effect. On the other hand, when the oxygen potential was high, the galvanic effect of the leaching rate became less pronounced. The rates of leaching of tin from pure Sn and Sn-Fe couple in oxygenated caustic solution were controlled by mass transfer of oxygen through liquid-solid boundary layer.
이온교환수지(交換樹脂)에 의한 국산모나자이트로부터 잇트륨 정제
이응조 고려대학교 공학기술연구소 1983 고려대학교 생산기술연구소 생기연논문집 Vol.18 No.1
The separation of yttrium from rare earths mixture by ion exchange with ammonium N-hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetate (HEDTA) as eluting agent was investigated. Single stage performance of ion exchange using feed concentration of 81.1% Y₂O₃ which was obtained from the solvent extraction process, 100-150 mesh of Dowex 50W-X8 cation exchange resin and eluent concentration of 0.018M HEDTA at the flow rate of 0.4 ㎖/min.㎠, has a satisfactory result to produce 99.9% Y₂O₃. However, direct processing of monazite rare earths containing 3.6% Y₂O₃ with ion exchange would need multistage.
황산염 용액으로부터 D2EHPA 함유 유화형 액체막법에 의한 코발트 (2) 추출
이응조,안재우,이만승 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1990 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.28 No.1
Research on the extraction of cobalt(II) from sulfate solution by means of liquid surfactant membrane containing D₂EHPA as extractant and SPAN 80 as emulsifier is presented. In this study, it was observed that the extraction rate of cobalt(II) was greatly enhanced by the presence of a sodium acetate and by the increase of pH in the aqueous feed solution. The optimum concentration of D₂EHPA and SPAN 80 in membrane phase were about 5 vol%, 2.5-3.0 vol% respectively. It is also found that the extraction of cobalt ion is promoted as both the Ve/Vw ratio increases and the W/O ratio decreases. But the extraction efficiency of cobalt(II) was reduced with increasing sulfate ions in aqueous feed solution.
암모니아 용액중에서 Cu/Fe 혼합체로부터 구리의 침출거동
이응조,박인수 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 2000 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.38 No.1
The leaching behavior of copper from copper/iron couples in ammonia solutions was investigated using a rotating disc. The effect of oxygen potential, rotation speed, temperature and lixiviant concentrations on the dissolution kinetics of copper has been studied. The dissolution rate of copper was reduced at relatively low oxygen potentials due to galvanic effect. On the other hand, when hydrogen peroxide was added in the ammonia solutions, the galvanic effect of the dissolution rate was diminished. The dissolution rate of copper under the conditions studied was found to be controlled by mass transfer of reactants and products through the diffusion boundary layer.