공업화학인의 변

이영무 한국화학공학회 1990 NICE Vol.8 No.1

普照國師 知訥의 人物과 思想 : 韓國佛敎宗祖設을 中心으로

李英茂 建國大學校 人文科學 硏究所 1976 인문과학논총 Vol.9 No.-

From the point of view of its orders and doctrines, Korean Buddhism has developed with dinersity for about 1,600 years. The Kyo Buddhism(敎宗) developed from the middle age of three Kingdoms of the middle Silla, and the Seon Buddhism(禪宗) organized its sects from the late Silla to the early Koryo. All the sects of the Kyo and the Seon Buddhism, however, fell into conflicts from the early to the late Koryo. Facted with these circumstances, such forerunners of Buddhism as Buddhist Master Dae gag, Eui Cheon(大覺國師 義天) Buddhist Master Po Zo, Ji nut(普照國師知訥) and Buddhist Master Tae go, Po wu(太吉國師普愚) tried to males harmony between the Kyo and the Seon Buddhism. In the end of the early Koryo Buddhist Master Dae gag, Eui Cheon established Cheon Tae Jong(天台宗), but his effort failed because of his early death. In the middle Koryo Buddhist Master Po zo, Ji nul opened Jeong Hye Sa(定慧社), but failed too. Buddhist Master Tae go, Po wu, however, succeeded in making harmony between two sects by establishing Won Yoeng Boo(圓融府). As the result of his work by the early choseon dynasty Korean Buddhism appeared, for the first time, in its unity. Who is, then, the Father(宗祖) of Korean Buddhism? According to the traditional view, the Father was, of course, Buddhist Master Tae go, Po wu. However, it has recently argued by some scholars that Buddhist Master Po Zo, Ji nut should be the Father of Korean Buddhism. This problem is highly important not only in the Buddhist orders, but also in the history of Korean thought. The conclusions reached in this paper can be summarized as follows: (a) It is recognized that Buddhist Master Po Zo exercised an important effect upon the thought of Korean Buddhism. But in the light of historical background Buddhist Master Tae go, Po wu must be the Father of Korean Buddhism. (b) There has been a tendency among some scholars to regard Buddhist Master Tae go as the Father of Korean Buddhism in counection with Im Je Jong(臨濟宗), the Seon Buddhism of China. But this is incompatible with historical truth.

옥상정원의 식재디자인 기법

李英武,金秀炫 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2003 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.14 No.-

There are significant difference in planting design between the ground planting and roof planting because of the foundation of planting. The major difference is the depth of the planting medium. The natural ground has the bottomless depth of soil where the capillary pores can ample spacs for the root growth. But on the roof the depth of soil has to be limited due to the stress to the building structure. Consequently the plants are chosen among the species which have shallow root system and ability to resist draught. The next problem is presence of strong wind. It provokes the forced evaporation is the from the leaves. So draught resistant plants are again recommended. The suitable species come from the coastal area where wind is strong and soil is sandy. The sandy soil drains fast and shallow roots are developed to catch the water fast. Another problem is the growing weight of the plants themselves. If the condition is favorable the plants grow and their weight pores stress to the building structure. It is wise to choose the shrubs whose mature weight is less than the full size trees. Also it is recommended to plant the heavy trees above the columns underneath to withstand the weight. If there is a seasonal prevailing wind the species like Pinus thunbergii should be planted towards the wind to form a barrier which in turn would protect the less handy species behind. In general low lying shrubs and ground covers are recommended unless the roof garden is planned forehand. It means the planting design is oriented towards more graphic patterns such as the parterre, knot garden or free flowing abstract design. This design approach is even more effective if the roof garden can be viewed from higher structures.

$ENVIS^{(R)}$ MEMBRANE SYSTEM (평판형 정밀여과막)의 침지식 수처리 공정 적용에 관한 연구

이영무,장재영,Lee, Young-Moo,Jang, Jae-Young 한국막학회 2005 멤브레인 Vol.15 No.3

본 연구는 하수 및 오폐수 처리를 위해 침지식 수처리 공정 적용을 위한 평판형 MF막인 $ENVIS^{(R)}$을 이용한 MBR SYSTEM 적용에 관한 연구이다. (주)퓨어엔비텍에서 만든 장치를 이용하여 공장의 오수시설($10\;m^3$/일)과 폐수처리장($30\;m^3$/일) 현장에서 실험을 수행한 결과, 공장 오수처리에 있어 제거율은 각각 SS $99.7\%$, BOD $97.6\%$, COD $96.8\%$였으며, 폐수처리에 있어 제거율은 각각 SS $99.6\%$, BOD $95.6\%$, COD $80.3\%$였다. This study is investigated for the applications of MBR SYSTEM using $ENVIS^{(R)}$ which is a submerged flat membrane for treatment of sewage and wast water. The experiment was practiced on the scene of labor that are sewage facilities of factories $(10\;m^3/day)$ and wast water treatment plant $(30\;m^3/day)$ using equipments made by Pure-Envitech Co., LTD. SS, BOD and COD for the result of removal efficiency at the sewage facilities of factories were $99.7\%,\;97.6\%$, and $96.8\%$, rspectively. SS, BOD and COD for the result of removal efficiency at the waste water treatment plant were $99.6\%,\;95.6\%,\;and\;80.3\%$, respectively.

투과증발막을 이용한 폐수중의 유기물 제거

이영무 한국막학회 1991 멤브레인 Vol.1 No.1

합성고분자막을 이용하여 액체혼합물을 분리하는 공정은 오래전부터 알려져 왔다. 바다물로부터 역삼투법이나 전기투석법을 이용하여 탈염하는 공정이라든지 한외여과 또는 정밀여과법을 이용하여 초순수를 제조하는 공정등은 현재 대단한 기술적, 상업적 의미를 갖으며 산업적으로 발전하고 있다. 더욱 최근에는 합성고분자막이 여러 기체혼합물 분리에 응용되고 있다. 예를 들면 석유화학 폐가스나 암모니아 공장에서 수소의 회수나 공기중의 산소나 질소의 부화등은 막이 아주 유용한 도구로 사용되어 온 두가지 중요한 분야이다. 고분자막이 특정한 물질분리에 맞도록 고안될수 있게 된 이래로 재래식 방법으로는 곤란한 분리문제들이 막공정에 의해 다루어질수 있게 되었다. 이같은 문제중 하나가 폐수중 유기용제등 유기물의 제거이다. 특히 할로겐화 유기물, 살충제, 농약등 오래전부터 독극물로 알려져온 물질들을 폐수로 부터 제저하는데 많은 노력이 경주되어 왔다. 이러한 연구에도 한외여과법이나 역삼투법등의 막분리공정이 응용되어 보고된 바 있다.

고층건물의 벽면조경기법에 관한 연구

李英武,李松宜 홍익대학교환경개발연구원 2001 환경개발연구논문집 Vol.6 No.-

The purpose of this study is to consider the importance as well as the various techniques of landscaping the wall of architecture, and to examine the characteristics of the plants used on landscaping the wall of high rise buildings and present appropriate applicable techniques. Modern urban development was considered as a monument of mankind's volition and technology although it brought destruction of the natural environment. However the adverse reactions have gradually been perceived and now the importance of nature has been acknowledged. These days, for the expansion of urban green space, the restoration of the urban ecosystem and the normalization of abnormal climates in the city (the heat-island phenomenon, urban floods, exhaustion of underground water etc.) new attempts such as indoor gardens or rooftop gardens, wall surface landscapes etc. have come up rapidly. Many papers and studies related to this have been published. Especially due to the high-rise and highly dense structure of today's cities the effectiveness of wall surface landscaping has become increasingly highlighted. The techniques of landscaping the wall of high rise buildings improve the urban ecosystem and scenery while also creating amenity in urban spaces by providing habitats for insects and birds by screening the exterior of the desolate modern city with natural green life. Also by reducing radiation from the surface of buildings it helps control abnormal city climates such as the heat island phenomenon etc. and by reducing the change of surface temperature it cuts down on the energy of the whole city. Beside this it also protects the surface of the architecture and strengthens the structure as well as reducing air pollutions by expanding green space. Landscaping wall techniques ultimately provide citizens with a sense of security both mentally and emotionally, bringing vigor into the city. Although, as seen above, landscaping wall techniques can bring life into urban space in many ways, these have not been progressively inducted into present domestic landscape architecture. It is still being empirically applied, therefore presenting many limits to the expansion of new urban forest. This paper tries to cast a light to a new horizon.

생태단지계획기법의 수립에 관한 기초연구

이영무,문형택 홍익대학교환경개발연구원 2000 환경개발연구논문집 Vol.5 No.-

The purpose of this thesis is the establishment of basic guidelines to create an ecologically sound apartment complex. The case studies of foreign and korean eco-site planning lead to the extraction of basic principles that should be applied in realization of ecologically healthy apartments. The guidelines consist of six categories and these principles are desired to apply to the planning process of future apartment complex. The first is the application of environment friendly housing construction techniques. This includes solarium, indoor garden, balcony garden and greening of apartment outer walls. The second is the recycling of resources. It involves recycling of wastes, compost making, water retention and purification. The third is the creation of biotope. It means the designing of fish pond, stream and paving with permeable material. The insects such as butterflies and dragonflies are encouraged to settle in the biotope. The fourth involves the creation of green network within the complex. It consists of various gardens and eco-corridors which connect the greeneries. The system eventually leads to invitation of not only insects and birds but also small mammals like squirrels. The fifth is the harmonizing of the apartments with the existing topography. It means the preservation of the forst, minimizing the soil removal and positioning of buildings to fit the natural energy. The sixth includes active and passive harnessing of sun, wind and geo-thermal energy extraction. Above techniques are recommended to be utilized actively in the planning process of healthier apartment construction to achieve the goal of UN resolution of Rio de Janeiro in 1992 which states the 'Environmentally Sound and Sustainable Development' in order to continue the symbiosis of human race and the nature.

元曉大師 著 「判比量論」에 對한 考察

李英茂 건국대학교 1973 學術誌 Vol.15 No.1

건축허가에 부수해서 부과된 기부채납 부관의 허용성과 그 효력

이영무 대한민사법학회 2001 민사법연구 Vol.9 No.-

블록 및 랜덤 가교 술폰화 폴리이미드막의 제조 및 연료전지특성 평가

이영무,박치훈,이창현,정연석 한국막학회 2006 멤브레인 Vol.16 No.4

본 연구에서, 랜덤(r-) 및 블록(b-) 구조를 가지는 가교 공중합 폴리이미드를 N,N-bis(2-hyoxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid와 pentanediol을 가교제로 사용하여 제조하였다. 비교를 위하여 가교되지 않은 r- 과 b- 술폰화 공중합 폴리이미드도 제조하였다. 술폰산기의 조성에 강한 의존성을 보이는 이온교환능 값은 r- 과 b- 술폰화 공중합 폴리이미드에서 서로 비슷한 경향을 나타냈다. 카르복실산 기의 dimerization을 통한 물리적 가교현상은, 가교되지 않은 b- 술폰화 공중합 폴리이미드 고분자의 평균 사슬 거리를 감소시켰으며, 결과적으로 함수율과 메탄올 투과도를 r- 술폰화 공중합 폴리이미드보다 감소시켰다. 동시에, 고분자의 평균 사슬 거리의 감소는 단위 부피당 fixed-charged 이온의 함량을 증가시켰고, 이렇게 높아진 liked-charged 이온 밀도는 b- 술폰화 공중합 폴리이미드의 수소이온 전도도의 향상에 기여하였다. 가교제 및 고분자 구조에 상관없이, 가교구조의 도입은 고분자 사슬간의 평균 거리를 감소시켰고, 메탄올 투과도를 낮추었다. 반면에, 수소이온 전도도는 향상되는 경향을 나타내었는데, 이는 수소이온의 전달을 담당하는 친수성 채널이 효과적으로 형성 될 수 있기 때문이다. 특히, 이러한 경향은 술폰산기를 가진 가교제로 가교된, r- 술폰화 공중합 플리이미드에서 뚜렷하게 나타났다. In this study, crosslinked copolyimides with random (r-) and block (b-) structure were fabricated using N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid and pentanediol as crosslinkers. Linear r- and b-sulfonated copolyimides were also fabricated for comparison. Ion exchange capacities of r- and b-copolyimides were very similar to each other owing to their strong dependence of sulfonic acid content. The physical crosslinking via dimerization of carboxylic acid groups induced a reduced average interchain distance in b-copolyimide without crosslinkers. Consequently, its water uptake and methanol permeability were lower than those of r-sulfonated copolyimides. Simultaneously, the reduced interchain distance increased the content of fixed-charged ions per unit volume. The high fixed-charged ion density contributed to an enhancement of proton conductivity In the b-sulfonated copolyimide. Crosslinking caused the reduction of average interchain distance between polymer chains irrespective of types of crosslinker and polymer structure, leading to low methanol permeability. On the contrary, their proton conductivity was improved owing to formation of effective hydrophilic channels responsible for proton conduction. In particular, this trend was observed in r-copolyimide containing a fixed charged ion.