소나무 자엽을 (子葉) 이용한 원형질체 나출 (裸出) 및 배양

이경준,이재순,윤양,이석구 ( Kyung Joon Lee,Jae Soon Lee,Yang Youn,Suk Koo Lee ) 한국산림과학회 1985 한국산림과학회지 Vol.71 No.1

Protoplasts were isolated from cotyledons of germinating Pinus densiflora S. et Z. seeds. The seeds were germinated for nine days, and excised embryonic cotyledons about 3-4㎜ long were incubated with Cellulase Onozuka R-10 and Macerozyme. After 8 hours of incubation, large number of viable protoplasts were isolated. Isolated protoplasts were cultured in a medium containing basal salts of BS medium, vitamines, amino acids, organic acid, sugars, and growth hormones. The first; evidence of protoplast budding was observed after twelve hours in culture, and it suggested that high potential of the embryonic cotyledons for rapid cell division affected the early budding, rather than effect of culture medium was shown in twelve hours. The three- to four-cell stage was reached after three to four days of culture. Most cell divisions were achieved by additional buddings rather than equal binary cell division. No further cell division was observed beyond the four-cell stage. Protoplasts isolated from fully expanded cotyledons (germinated for 17 to 24 days) seldom initiated or failed to initiate cell division.

균근연구의 (菌根硏究) 농림업에의 응용

이경준,이돈구,이원규,구창덕 ( Kyung Joon Lee,Don Koo Lee,Won Kyu Lee,Chang Duck Koo ) 한국산림과학회 1983 한국산림과학회지 Vol.59 No.1

Recently mycorrhizal research has been one of the most fast-growing research areas in modern plant science and microbiology. The application potential of mycorrhizal techniques to agriculture and forestry is enormous in view o1` the ubiquitous nature of mycorrhizae and known benefits of mycorrhizae to host plants. Unfortunately, very few scientists in Korea are currently involved in mycorrhizal research. When a team of American plant pathologists visited Korea in September 1982 to participate in the Korea-U.S.A. Joint Seminar on Forest Diseases and Insect Pests, they were surprised by the principal author`s statement that there was no single research project on mycorrhizae sponsored by Korean government or any scientific institutions. The author initiated a few years ago a research project on the ecology of tree mycorrhizae with a foreign financial support. Major areas of interest were survey of ectomycorrhizae in relation to soil fertility, taxonomic distribution of mycorrhizae among woody plants, identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi, and growth response of woody plants to artificial inoculation. In spite of the enormous application potential of mycorrhizae to agronomic plants, the subject of mycorrhizae has not been recognized by Korean agronomists, foresters or pathologists. The purpose of this review rather written in Korean is to introduce the techniques of mycorrhizal research to Korean scientists and to urge them to participate in challenging new scientific field which might bring us a remarkable increase in crop productivity and tree growth through manipulation of this unique symbiosis. In this review, following topics were discussed in the same order: introduction; brief history of mycorrhizal research; .morphology and classification of mycorthizae; distribution of mycorrhizae in plant kingdom and in soil profile; physiology of mycorrhizae (functions, mineral nutrition, mycorrhizal formation): interaction of mycorrhizae with soil-born plant pathogens mycorrhizae in nitrogen-fixing plants ; application of mycorrhizal techniques to nursery practices (isolation, culture, inoculation, and response); prospect in the future.

Physiology of Strobilus Initiation in Slash Pine II. Ovulate Strobilus Initiation in Relation to Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Metabolism of Terminal Buds

이경준,Lee, Kyung Joon Korean Society of Forest Science 1980 한국산림과학회지 Vol.47 No.1

슬래쉬 소나무의 화아원기(花芽原基) 형성(形成) 기간(期間) 중(中)에 정아(頂芽)의 영양(營養) 상태(狀態)를 구명(究明)하기 위하여, 정아(頂芽)의 탄수화물(炭水化物)과 아미노산의 함량을 조사(調査)하였다. 접목(接木)으로 조성된, 18년생(年生) 슬래쉬 소나무를 개화량(開花量)의 다소(多少)에 따라 다수개화(多數開花) 그룹과 소수개화(少數開花) 그룹으로 나누고, 각 그룹에서 각각 두 개(二個)씩의 정아형(頂芽型)을 선택하였다. 즉 (1) 다수개화(多數開花) 그룹에서 수관상부(樹冠上部)에 있는 대아(大芽) (자화생산(雌花生産))와 하부(下部)에 있는 소아(小芽) (웅화생산(雄花生産)), (2) 소수(少數) 개화(開花) 그룹에서 수관상부(樹冠上部)에 있는 대아(大芽) (영양아(營養芽))와 하부(下部)에 있는 소아(小芽)(웅화생산(雄花生産))의 도합 4가지였다. 7월(月) 하순부터 9월(月)상순 사이에, 정아(頂芽)를 4회(回) 채취하여 75% 에칠알콜로 추출하고, 탄수화물(炭水化物)은 가스크로마토그래피로, 아미노산은 자동분석기(自動分析器)로 분석(分析)하였다. 두 그룹의 대아(大芽)는 각각 같은 그룹의 소아(小芽)보다 당(糖)의 함량(含量)이 많았으며, 4그룹에서 공(共)히 fructose와 glucose가 주성분(主成分)을 이루고 있었다. 아미노산 중(中)에서는 arginine의 함량(含量)이 가장 많았으며, 4그룹의 평균치(平均値)로 볼 때 7월(月)에 23%에서 9월(月)에 60%로 증가(增加)하였다. 웅화(雄花)를 생산(生産)하는 정아(頂芽)의 arginine과 총(總) 아미노산의 함량은 다른 세그룹의 함량(含量)보다 훨씬 적었다. 다수개화(多數開花) 그룹내의 두 정아형(頂芽型)을 비교할 때, 자화(雌花)눈의 arginine 양(量)은 7월(月)에 웅화(雄花)눈과 거의 같았으나, 9월(月)에는 자화(雌花)눈이 웅화(雄花)눈보다 사배(四倍)의 arginine을 함유(含有)하고 있었다. 이로 미루어 보아, arginine은 자화(雌花)의 원기형성(原基形成)에 직접 관여하지 않는 것으로 사료된다. 자화(雌花)를 생산(生産)하는 정아(頂芽)는 낮은 아미노산의 함량(含量)으로 인(因)하여, 탄수화물(炭水化物)과 아마노산의 비율(比率)(C/N율(率))이 원기형성(原基形成) 기간(其間) 동안에 아주 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 자화(雌花)의 원기형성(原基形成)은 일시적(一時的)인 신진대사(新陣代謝) 활동(活動)의 감소(減少)를 동반(同伴)하는 것 같다. Soluble carbohydrates and free amino acids in the terminal buds of Pinus elliottii were analyzed to understand the nutritional status of the buds during the period of female strobilus initiation. Grafted, 18-year-old slash pine trees in a seed orchard were divided into two groups, abundant-flowering (AFG) and poor-flowering group (PFG) according to their flowering history. Four types of terminal buds, with two types from each group, were examined: (1) large buds in upper crown (female-producing buds) and small buds in lower crown (male-producing) in AFG, (2) large buds in upper crown (vegetative buds) and small buds in lower crown (male-producing) in PFG. Bud samples were collected four times from late July to early September. Free sugars and free amino acids (75% ethanol-soluble) were determined by gas chromatography and automatic analysis, respectively. Sugar content in the large buds of both groups was greater than in the small buds of the same group. Fructose and glucose were major sugars found in the bud tissue. Arginine was the most abundant amino acid in all four types of buds, with the concentration increased from 23% in late July to 60% in early September. Arginine and total amino acid content in the female-producing buds of AFG was much lower than three other types of buds. When female-producing buds and male-producing buds of AFG were compared in their arginine content, the former contained about same amount as the latter in late July, but showed one-fourth of the latter in early September. The low level of argining in the female-producing buds suggested a minimal or negative role of arginine in the initiation of female flower primordia. A higher sugar to amino acid ratio was observed with female-producing buds of AFG than with vegetative or male-producing buds of either flowering group. The low amino acid content in the female­producing buds suggested that initiation of female strobilus primordia was associated with temporary reduction in the metabolic activity of the buds.

송이발생림과 (松이發生林) 미발생림의 버섯분포에 관한 비교연구

이경준,김양섭,이태수,김교수 ( Kyung Joon Lee,Yang Sup Kim,Tae Soo Lee,Kyo Soo Kim ) 한국산림과학회 1986 한국산림과학회지 Vol.72 No.1

To compare the fungal distribution of matsutake-producing (Tricholoma matsutake) stand with that of non-producing stand, mushrooms on forest floor were collected in September of 1984 from 28-year-old non-producing and 55-year-old matsutake-producing stands of Pinus densiflora in Kangwon Province. A total of 18 fungal species in 12 genera were collected from a non-producing stand, and all the species except one were putative ectomycorrhizal. Common genera in non-producing stand included Suillus, Russula, Lactarius, Hydnum, and Amanita. From a matsutake-producing stand a total of 30 fungal species in 22 genera were collected, of which 22 species were ectomycorrhizal. Common genera in the producing stand included Hydnum, Tricholoma, Laccaria, and Cantharellus. Common species in both stands were six species only. It is concluded that matsutake-producing stand had more diversified fungal population than non-producing stand, probably because of higher contents of organic matters in soil and better development of understory vegetation through the ageing of the stand.

한국산과 미국산 모래밭버섯 균근균의 (菌根菌) 리기테다 소나무 파종균에 (播種苗) 대한 포자접종효과 비교

이경준,구창덕 ( Kyung Joon Lee,Chang Duck Koo ) 한국산림과학회 1984 한국산림과학회지 Vol.65 No.1

Pinus rigida × P. taeda seedlings in a nursery was inoculated with basidiospores of Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) either collected from Suweon, Korea or introduced from U.S.A. to compare the effectiveness of the spores from two different origins as mycorrhizal inocula. Nursery beds were fumigated with methyl bromide and lg of spores was used to inoculate 1㎡ of soil surface just before seed sowing. Seedlings inoculated with American Pt (#250 strain from Georgia, U.S.A.) were 15% taller than Korean Pt at the end of the first growing season. The seedlings from fumigation treatment only (no inoculation involved) was slightly taller (statistically unsignificant) than those with Korean Pt, but slightly smaller than those with American Pt. In a subsequent year experiment, the seedlings inoculated with American and Korean Pt after soil fumigation were 66% and 60% taller, respectively, than seedlings infected by natural fungi without soil fumigation, suggesting the dual effects of Pt and fumigation on the seedling growth. Therefore potential of Pt spores for an effective inoculum exists and selection of Pt strains which have adapted to specific local environments is needed to develop better sources of mycorrhizal inocula.

도로위의 기상요인이 교통사고에 미치는 영향 - 부산지역을 중심으로 -

이경준,정임국,노윤환,윤상경,조영석,Lee, Kyeongjun,Jung, Imgook,Noh, Yunhwan,Yoon, Sanggyeong,Cho, Youngseuk 한국데이터정보과학회 2015 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.26 No.3

Them traffic accidents have been increased every year due to increasing of vehicles numbers as well as the gravitation of the population. The carelessness of drivers, many road weather factors have a great influence on the traffic accidents. Especially, the number of traffic accident is governed by precipitation, visibility, humidity, cloud amounts and temperature. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of road weather factors on traffic accident. We use the data of traffic accident, AWS weather factors (precipitation, existence of rainfall, temperature, wind speed), time zone and day of the week in 2013. We did statistical analysis using logistic regression analysis and decision tree analysis. These prediction models may be used to predict the traffic accident according to the weather condition. 교통사고는 인구의 증가와 그에 따른 자동차의 증가로 인하여 매년 증가하고 있다. 그러한 교통사고의 원인은 운전자의 부주의뿐만 아니라 도로상의 기상상황에 의해 영향을 받는다. 특히, 강수량, 시계, 습도, 흐림 정도, 기온 등에 의해 많은 교통사고들이 영향을 받는다. 따라서 본 연구는 다양한 기상 요인의 영향 정도에 따른 교통사고 발생 유무의 분석을 목적으로 하였다. 부산 해운대구의 센텀남대로 및 해운대로의 2013년도 교통사고 발생 자료와 지역별 상세 기상 관측 자료인 AWS 기상자료(시간당 강수량, 강수유무, 기온, 풍속), 시간대, 요일을 활용하여 로지스틱 회귀모형 및 의사결정나무모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 기상 요인 중 강수유무와 기온이 교통사고 발생에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 도로위의 기상상태에 따른 교통사고의 발생을 예측하는데 유용하게 사용할 수 있을 것이다.

나의 고향북한에 아까시나무를 보내며

이경준,Lee, Gyeong-Jun 한국양봉협회 2008 양봉협회보 Vol.331 No.-

일반화된 로렌츠 곡선을 기반으로 한 Gumbel 분포의 적합도 검정

이경준,Lee, Kyeongjun 한국데이터정보과학회 2017 한국데이터정보과학회지 Vol.28 No.4

There are many areas of applications where Gumbel distribution are employed such as environmental sciences, system reliability and hydrology. The goodness-of-fit test for Gumbel distribution is very important in environmental sciences, system reliability and hydrology data analysis. Therefore, we propose the two test statistics to test goodness-of-fit for the Gumbel distribution based on the generalized Lorenz curve. We compare the new test statistic with the Anderson - Darling test, Cramer - vonMises test, and modified Anderson - Darling test in terms of the power of the test through by Monte Carlo method. As a result, the new test statistics are more powerful than the other test statistics. Also, we propose new graphic method to goodness-of-fit test for the Gumbel distribution based on the generalized Lorenz curve. 통계학에서 사용되어지고 있는 Gumbel 분포는 환경과학, 시스템 신뢰성, 수문학과 같은 분야에서 많이 응용되고 있다. 따라서 환경과학, 시스템 신뢰성, 수문학과 관련된 자료를 분석함에 있어서 분석에 사용되어지는 자료가 Gumbel 분포를 따르는지 확인하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 이를 확인하기 위해 본 논문에서는 새로운 두 가지의 Gumbel 분포의 적합도 검정통계량을 일반화된 로렌츠 곡선을 기반으로 하여 제안하였고, Anderson - Darling 검정, Cramer - vonMises 검정, 수정된 Anderson - Darling 검정과 비교하였다. 그 결과 새롭게 제안한 검정통계량은 기존의 검정방법에 비하여 우수한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 새롭게 제안한 변형된 표본 일반화된 로렌츠 곡선을 이용하여 두 가지의 새로운 적합도 검정 그래프 방법을 제안하였고, 새롭게 제안된 그래프를 통하여 손쉽게 데이터가 Gumbel 분포를 따르는지를 파악 할 수 있었다. 또한 호주 시드니의 연간 일 최대 강수량 자료를 사용하여 새롭게 제안한 검정 통계량과 그래프 방법을 이용하여 적용해 보았다.

20개 조경수종의 형성층전기저항치의 수종간 차이와 계절적 변화

이경준,한심희,정용선 ( Kyung Joon Lee,Sim Hee Han,Yong Seon Jeong ) 한국산림과학회 1997 한국산림과학회지 Vol.86 No.4

The objectives of this study were to obtain standardized basic data on cambial electrical resistance (CER) of ornamental trees to be used for estimation of tree vigor and to compare CER between shrubs, deciduous, and coniferous trees in relation to bud opening, flowering, and growth cessation. Eighty healthy trees with four trees each for twenty ornamental tree species growing at an university campus in Suwon were selected and their CER was measured using a Shigometer every week from March to May , once a month from June to October and every two weeks in November, 1996. The CER of all tree species was high in March, started to decrease in April, maintained minimum in May through August, began to increase in September, and returned in November to the similar high level to March. Among the 20 species, Metasequoia glyptostroboides showed the lowest(5.5kΩ) annual average CER, while Cercis chinensis and Ligustrum obtusifolium had the highest(22.7kΩ, 22.9kΩ) annual average CER. The lowest CER(2.4kΩ) in summer(June through August) was obtained from Wisteria florihunda, second lowest(2.5kΩ) from Metasequoia glyptostroboides, the highest CER(46.8kΩ) during dormant season from Euonymus japonica, and second highest(45.0kΩ) obtained from Ligustrum obtusifolium. The CER of most species, particularly shrub species, started to decrease with bud opening, and many species, particularly shrubs and deciduous trees with large amount of flowers, showed sharp decrease with flowering. When CER was compared between shrubs and trees, shrubs showed higher average CER than trees, and seasonal difference in CER of evergreen species was smaller than that of deciduous species. It is interesting to note that the deciduous Metasequoia glyptostroboides had the lowest annual average CER.

한국의 목본식물의 (木本植物) 외생 및 내생균근에 (內生菌根) 관한 분류학적 분포 조사

이경준,구창덕 ( Kyung Joon Lee,Chang Duck Koo ) 한국산림과학회 1983 한국산림과학회지 Vol.59 No.1

Taxonomic distribution of ecto- and endomycorrhizae among woody species growing in Korea was studied and their distribution was compared with foreign literature, Most of root samples were collected from Central Branch Station of forest Research Institute in Gwangneung, Gyonggido. A total of 32 families, 63 genera, 102 species were examined. Ectomycorrhizae were observed in the following 13 general of Pinaceae (Pinus Larix, Picea, Abies), Salicaceae (Populus, salix), Betulace (Alnus, Betula, Carpinus, Corpylus), Fagaceae(Quercus, Casianea), and Tiliaceae (Tilia), Endomycorrhizae (vesicular-arbuscular) were observed in Populus and the rest of the 49 genera. Rhus was the only genus which did not have either ecto- or endomycorrhizae, while foreign literature listed following genera haveing both mycorrhizal types: Juniperus, Cupres년, Populus, Salix, Juglans, Alnus, Ulmus, Malus, Pyrus, and Tilia. Juniperus, Ulmus, Pyrus, and Acer which were reported to have facultative ectomycorrhizae were freem of ectomycorrhizae, Some morphological characteristics of endomycorrhizae are shown in photogrphs and discussed.