Diabetes Mellitus and Site-specific Colorectal Cancer Risk in Korea: A Case-control Study

우형택,이지유,이정희,박지원,박성찬,김정선,오재환,신애선 대한예방의학회 2016 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.49 No.1

Objectives: Previous large-scale cohort studies conducted in Korea have found a positive association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and colorectal cancer (CRC) in men only, in contrast to studies of other populations that have found significant associations in both men and women. Methods: A total of 1070 CRC cases and 2775 controls were recruited from the National Cancer Center, Korea between August 2010 and June 2013. Self-reported DM history and the duration of DM were compared between cases and controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by binary and polytomous logistic regression models. Results: DM was associated with an elevated risk of CRC in both men (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.90) and women (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.24 to 2.98). This association remained when we controlled for age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and physical activity level. In sub-site analyses, DM was associated with distal colon cancer risk in both men (multivariate OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.39 to 3.00) and women (multivariate ORs, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.05 to 3.79), while DM was only associated with rectal cancer risk in women (multivariate OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.10 to 3.82). No significant association was found between DM and proximal colon cancer risk in either men (multivariate OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.88 to 2.41) or women (multivariate OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 0.78 to 4.08). Conclusions: Overall, DM was associated with an increased risk of CRC in Koreans. However, potential over-estimation of the ORs should be considered due to potential biases from the case-control design.

대구시 아파트지역의 분리수거 및 재활용에 관한 연구

우형택,곽형숙 한국환경과학회 1995 한국환경과학회지 Vol.4 No.3

Recycling is receiving increasing social attention today as our nation begins to grapple with the significant problems caused by huge amount of municipal solid waste. The topic of recycling is not simple but extremely complicated. This study attempts to provide basic data and policy options for expanding and improving separated collection and recycling in public residential areas, through three case study of apartment housing areas in Taegu Metropolitan City. The main results of this study are summarized as follows. For the significant period of time, all three case areas had in common the extreme difficulty in establishing and operating the system of connecting public participation, collection and storage, transportation, and actual recycling of materials because of a variety of problems involved in this process. Both amounts of and prices for collected materials fluctuated considerably over time mainly due to monthly changes in recyclable home materials and the dynamic nature of recycling markets. Public questionnaire survey revealed the very high level of participation in separated collection, not only because almost all respondents well understood the necessity and importance of recycling, but because they also knew how to do separated collection. But overall activities were rated low and most respondents suggested the enlargement of public participation, the improvement of collection and storage facilities, and collection transportation networks. In particular, most respondents had little experience of using recycled products and used mainly reproduced soap and bathroom tissue. Furthermore, they were considerably unsatisfied with low variety and quality of recycled products, their high prices and low availability in the market. Finally potential policy options and activities for improving separated collection and recycling are suggested.

환경의식의 측정을 위한 설문지 개발과 검증

우형택,엄붕훈,문연화 한국환경과학회 1999 한국환경과학회지 Vol.8 No.5

This study was conducted to develop the questionnaire for the measurement of environmental attitudes and test its reliability and validity. Development and validation of the 46 survey items that measure environmental attitudes were described. The total of 3 surveys were conducted and the total of 510 persons including diverse sample groups were questionnaired. The SAS PC^+ package program was used in both the reliability analysis and the validity analysis of surveyed data. Results revealed the very high reliability and the high validity of the questionnaire. The reliability of the finalized questionnaire was increased to the level of Cronbach-α 0.92 after the repeated reliability analyses and revisions of the firstly and secondly designed questionnaires. The validity of our questionnaire was sufficiently affirmed through the use and application of factor analysis and known-groups technique.

국제 기준에 근거한 남북한 자연보호지역의 실상 비교

우형택 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.1

This study was conducted to compare protected areas of South and North Korea based on international conservation criteria and recommend new fundamental directions for nature conservation policy. International conservation criteria used by this research were the 1994 IUCN protected area categories, composed of 6 management categories. Despite a variety of types and names of protected areas created by different domestic legislations, South Korea was revealed to have only two types of protected areas, Category Ⅳ and Ⅴ, indicating the significant lack of ecological diversity and representativeness in its protected area system. Shockingly, there are no national parks meeting IUCN criteria in South Korea. On the other hand, North Korea has three IUCN Categories of Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and thus more balanced and ecologically representative protected area network than South Korea. Especially, North Korea maintains 9 national parks to be officially recognized by IUCN and UN. However, both South and North Korea should make sincere effort to have new and well-designed protected area system including all IUCN Categories Ⅰ-Ⅵ and particularly a minimum area in the stricter protected area categories.

한국 중학생의 환경태도 평가를 위한 측정도구 개발

우형택 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.7

This study was conducted to design long and short forms of reliable and valid Likert-type scales to measure environmental attitudes of Korean junior high school students. 8 tests were applied to the construction of a 32-item long form and 8-item short form of the scale. Two scales were field tested on 469 respondents consisting of male and female students in urban and rural areas and students participating in environmental programs. The 32-item scale was revealed to be highly reliable, content and construct valid. Reliability and homogeneity of this scale were evidenced by 0.92 coefficient alpha and positive interitem correlation values ranging from 0.10 to 0.52. Factor analysis and known-group comparison showed the sufficient validity of long form scale. Reliability and validity of short form scale were also evidenced by good results of 8 test analyses. The long and short forms were strongly correlated, r-value of 0.90. Consequently, both long form and short form scales were evidenced very reliable and valid in measuring environmental attitudes of junior high school students in Korea. They can be useful for a variety of survey conditions and constraints and testing environmental attitude.

자연보호의 개념과 가치에 관한 연구

우형택 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1998 연구논문집 Vol.58 No.2

This study was conducted to find out the new meaning and role of nature conservation in pursuing sustainable development and to provide theoretical bases for values of nature conservation from diverse academic perspectives. Nature conservation and sustainable development have the same purpose of balancing environment with development. Similarly, the two principles of nature conservation, sustainable yield and multiple use, and those of sustainable development, equity and limitation, call for equitable and sustainable use of natural resources by everyone within present generation and between generations. But sustainable development is more comprehensive concept requiring not only environmental sustainability but also changes in our political, economic, social, and technological systems. It is, therefore, concluded that nature conservation is a core part of sustainable development and the pursuit of sustainable development requires nature conservation. The new meaning of nature conservation can be derived from its significant role to be played in realizing sustainable development. Nature conservation has diverse and high values including: ethical values; aesthetic and recreational values; scientific and cultural values; economic and material values; ecological and life-supporting values; and social just and democratic values. It is finally suggested that the effective and strong nature conservation can be pursued and achieved in close connection with social justice and democratic practice in addition to other values of nature conservation.

환경의식의 종합적 측정을 위한 설문지 개발

우형택,문연화 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1998 연구논문집 Vol.58 No.2

With respect to the increasing importance of understanding our environmental concerns, this study was conducted to develop the questionnaire for the comprehensive and objective measurement of environmental concerns and test its reliability. The major research methods taken include the design of environmental questionnaire based on literature review and related theories, and the process of increasing the reliability of developed questionnaire through the repetition of reliability analysis. The total of 3 surveys were conducted and the total of 510 persons including diverse sample groups were questionnaired. The SAS PC+ package program was used in the reliability analysis of surveyed data. The first designed questionnaire consisted of 50 items including 25 items related to environmental pollution and 25 items related to nature conservation, reflecting various factors of environmental concerns. The result of the first reliability analysis showed that Cronbach-αfor the total was 0.75. To increase the reliability, items having low correlation with the total were eliminated, corrected, or revised. The reliability of redesigned questionnaire consisting of 46 items was significantly improved to the level of Cronbach-α0.88, the high reliability of measurement. In the second reliability analysis, 11 items were further revised and corrected to develop the questionnaire having the very high reliability. The reliability of the finalized questionnaire was further increased to the level of Cronbach-α0.92.

설문지를 이용한 환경의식 조사의 신뢰성에 관한 연구 : SPSS/ ?? 에 의한 신뢰도 측정 Application of SPSS/ ?? to Reliability Analysis

禹亨澤,朴柄允,李鍾憲,宋在基 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1992 연구논문집 Vol.44 No.1

As a number of various environmental problems have been widely exposed to the public particularly through the mass media in recent years, they have become growing public concern as well as one of important social issues. In accordance with this new social phenomenon in Korea, several attempts have been made to measure environmental consiciousness of the public by the use of questionnaire surveys. These survey researches have, however, tended to largely ignore reliability analysis-a very important criterion in assessing the stability, consistency, or accuracy of measured results. Consequently, we are not confident that their results and conclusions are reliable. With respect to this reliability problem, this paper stresses the importance of reliability analysis in questionnaire survey researches by explaining the concept and theoretical background of reliability, analyzed reliability of an actual questionnaire survey designed to measure public consciousness of environment, and finally presents major methods of improving reliability. Our reliability analysis of a sample questionnaire survey gnerally revealed low reliability. This means that measured scores obtained from that questionnaire contain a significant portion of error scores resulting from various sources of random errors and a measuring instrument is not highly reliable. It is thus necessary to recompose, modify and remedy a sample questionnaire to improve reliability. While reliability is not the most important facet of measurement, it is still extremely important. Reliability analysis is designed to maximize the variance of the individual true differences and minimize the error variance. Without it, no good scientific results can be produced. Reliability is a necessary condition of the value of research results and their interpretation.

군병원에서 수술의 예방적 항생제 사용실태 및 적정사용을 위한 관리의 효과

우형택 ( Hyeong-taek Woo ),권영훈 ( Younghoon Kwon ),한송희 ( Songhee Han ),손완수 ( Wansoo Son ),조준 ( Joon Cho ),강점숙 ( Jeomsuk Kang ) 국군의무사령부 2019 대한군진의학학술지 Vol.50 No.1

Objectives; This study was performed to examine the status of antibiotic use and the effect of antibiotic usage management in a military hospital. Methods; Quality assessment data reported from 14 Republic of Korea Armed Forces hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. We compared preoperative antibiotic dose timing and selection of antimicrobial agents before and after management. Results; From 2013 to the first half of 2019, a total of 5,155 surgeries were performed and the rate of administration of antibiotic within 1hour before skin incision was lowest at 94.8% in 2013 when the quality assessment indicator was first introduced. Since the introduction of quality assessment indicator the rate of administration of antibiotic within 1hour before skin incision was tended to increase. (p-trend<0.05) Of the 1,926 surgeries performed during the period from 2013 to the first half of 2019, the rate of administration of third-generation cephalosporin was 14%. From 2016 to 2018, the rate of third-generation cephalosporin administration was 14.9%(257/1,718) and the rate of third-generation cephalosporin administration in the first half of 2019 since the introduction of the quality assessment indicator was 6.3%(13/208) (p-value<0.05) Conclusion; This study shows timely antibiotic administration and appropriate antibiotic selection were improved through the quality-improvement efforts. Further research is needed to examine whether the improved outcomes are associated with a reduction in surgical site infection.

주왕산 국립공원의 이해집단 간 환경태도 비교

우형택 ( Hyung-taek Woo ),한재경 ( Jae-gyeong Han ),전은정 ( Eun-jung Jeon ) 한국환경과학회 2017 한국환경과학회지 Vol.26 No.11

This study aims to analyze and compare the environmental attitude level and characteristics of interest groups, including visitors, local residents, and local public servants (Cheongsong-gun), in Juwangsan National Park. A statistical analysis of 418 questionnaires concluded that there was no statistically significant gender difference in the level of environmental attitude between the visitors, local residents, and local public servants. In the case of visitors, no significant difference was found in the level of environmental attitude according to age and occupation, but the level of environmental attitude of local residents showed a significant difference according to age and occupation. In general visitors, local residents, and local public servants all scored above the mid point on average, but no statistically significant difference in environmental attitude was observed between these groups. Therefore, it is concluded that mutual consensus can be derived from these interest groups to strengthen the protection of Juwangsan National Park.