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한국 '보호'문제를 둘러싼 러·일의 대립 : 헤그 밀사사건'을 중심으로
石和靜(석화정) 명지대학교 국제한국학연구소 2005 명지대학교 국제한국학연구소 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.1
헤그 밀사 파견은 근본적으로 러시아의 전략적 이해(利害)에서 비롯된 것으로 대한제국의 '보호'를 둘러싼 러·일의 대립을 단적으로 보여준 사건이다. 이 사건은 결국 러·일의 제국주의적 야합으로 말미암아 좌절되었으며, 한국의 '독립'을 더욱 위협하는 기폭제로 이용되었다. '헤그 밀사사건'은 당시 약소국 한국이 러·일 모두에게 어떻게 역이용되었는가를 적나라하게 드러낸 사례로서 기억될 것이다.
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청일전쟁 전황(戰況)과 ‘조선의 독립’ 문제에 대한 열강의 정책
석화정(Seok, Hua-Jeong) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2017 군사 Vol.- No.102
The study focuses on the ‘independent issue of Corea and the international relations under the situations of the Sino-Japanese War. During the War, ‘the independence of Corea’, regardless of sovereignty and territorial integrity as an independent nation, was under the restrictions of the structure of strategic interest for the Great Powers including Japan and China. Japan’s exclusive ambition over the Korean Peninsula, which pretended to be ‘independence of Corea’, consistently revealed during the war period. China, on the other hand, wanted to prevent the Korean Peninsula from the falling into the hands of the Japanese as a whole, leaning on the intervention of the Powers. The ambiguous attitudes of China between ‘independence of Corea’ and suzerainty were one of the major factors in prolonging the war and delaying the peace negotiations. Of the Powers with concerns in East Asia, the United States hoped to use Japan to terminate China’s suzerainty over Corea, open the door to Chinese trade and investment and weaken the influence of Britain and Russia in East Asia. Britain and Russia also checked each other because the partner country might try to expand its power alone in the Korean Peninsula. British Lord Kimberley’s ‘common intervention’ by the powers was a way to prevent Russian monopoly on the Korean Peninsula, and to avoid ‘armed intervention’. His proposals of ‘joint occupation of Corea’ and ‘separate Protection’ by China and Japan came from a large frame to control Russia, but as a result, it became a guideline to Japan to open the war. Since the beginning of October in 1894, when the war spread to mainland China, Kimberley’s proposal, ‘independence of Corea guaranteed by the Powers’, was intended to exclude any power’s monopolies on the Korean peninsula including victorious Japan. Russia also hoped to prevent the subjugation of Corea by any power and adopt a wait-and-see policy at least until the completion of the Trans-Siberian Railway. But as soon as Japan’s crucial victory threatened the ‘independence of Corea and of China’, Russia will be involved actively the issue through the Triple Intervention in April 1895.
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X-ray CT를 결합한 가스하이드레이트 생산모사 실험시스템 개발
석화수,안태웅,이재형,이민희,이주용 한국자원공학회 2018 한국자원공학회지 Vol.55 No.3
Gas hydrate, which has a huge volume, is an attractive resource for next generation but it’s production technology faces problems related with efficiency and stability for commercialization. Research has been conducted to resolve these problems. However, a lot of conventional core analysis have limitation on identifying the solid and fluid distribution in cell. This paper suggests a gas hydrate experimental production system combined with X-ray CT to simulate onsite and to conduct the depressurization. The X-ray CT images acquired during the entire experiment show that not only location of sediment, but also the distribution of hydrate, water, and gas in pores can be visualized. The new system is also able to quantify phase’s change through normalized CT value. The proposed experimental system is expected to be useful for optimizing main depressurization parameters for future test production in the field. 막대한 부존량을 가진 가스하이드레이트는 차세대 에너지원으로 주목받고 있으나, 상업화를 위하여 생산기 술의 효율성 제고 및 안정성 확보 문제에 당면하고 있다. 이를 위하여 새로운 생산기법 적용과 그에 따른 생산거동을 분석하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으나, 기존의 코어유동분석 실험연구는 시료 내 고체 및 유체의 분포를 파악하는 데 한계가 있었다. 본 연구는 X-ray CT를 결합한 가스하이드레이트 생산모사 실험시스템을 개발하여 실제 가스하이 드레이트가 부존하고 있는 환경을 모사하고, 감압생산 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 전 과정에서 획득한 X-ray CT 영상으 로 퇴적시료의 위치분포뿐만 아니라, 공극 내 분포하는 하이드레이트, 물, 가스의 분포까지 가시화할 수 있었다. 또한 정규화 CT 값을 통해 상 변화의 정량분석 가능성을 확인하였다. 개발한 실험시스템은 향후 시험생산을 위한 주요 감 압변수 규명 실험에 유용할 것으로 기대된다.
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미국-스페인전쟁과 미디어의 풍자 이미지에 나타난 팽창주의, 반(反)제국주의
석화정(Seok, Hua-jeong) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2016 군사 Vol.- No.98
The American-Spanish War of 1898, was initiated for the United States to step to rescue Cuba from the oppression from Spain, ended just months later with the U.S. acquisition of Spain’s remaining empire, including Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines. Patriotic media played a significant role in breaking out the war, identifying the key territories to be acquired prior to a deployment of military operations. Even though there were various shades of high-circulation “yellow” journalism, this article mainly focuses on the ‘unexplored’ press media by the including political cartoons, headlines, caption texts from newspapers in both rural and urban settings across the U.S. It elaborates to show how the nation’s patriotic media campaigns mainly by cartoonists and editorialists captured the public’s interest in the Cuban crisis, and to portray the U.S actions for the duration of the conflict, from liberation to conquest, and further to press the U.S acquisition new territories abroad. After the war, growing resistance to American expansionism was found expression in the media, but it was driven the consensus in terms of expansion costs, not by a moral compass as will be identified at the platform of Anti-Imperialist League of 1899.
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