조선 단종의 가봉태실에 대한 문헌·고고학적 검토

심현용,Shim, Hyun Yong 국립문화재연구원 2012 헤리티지:역사와 과학 Vol.45 No.3

조선 제6대 임금인 단종의 가봉태실이 현재 두 곳에 있다고 알려져 있다. 즉 하나는 경남 사천시의 소곡산에, 다른 하나는 경북 성주군의 법림산에 있는 것이다. 한 임금의 가봉태실은 두 개가 있을 수 없기 때문에 학계에서 논란이 되었다. 필자는 경북 성주에 있는 태실이 단종의 가봉태실이며, 경남 사천에 있는 단종 태실은 예종의 장자인 인성대군의 태실이라고 주장한 적이 있다. 그러나 당시 현존 유물에 대한 세밀한 검토를 하지 못하여 이번에 문헌기록과 유물을 비교 연구하게 되었으며, 다음과 같은 결론에 도달하였다. 1. 단종의 태실은 아기태실과 가봉태실로 두 개가 있다. 즉 최초 단종의 아기태실은 1441년 윤11월 26일에 성주 선석산 태봉에 조성되지만, 1451년 성주 법림산으로 이안되어 2차 아기태실이 조성된다. 그후 세조에 의해 1458년 태실이 철거된다. 그러나 법림산 태봉에는 가봉태실석물이 잔존하고 있어 이를 근거로 단종이 임금으로 등극한 후 재임기간(1452~1455)에 가봉된 것으로 추정하였다. 2. 사천의 태실이 단종의 태실로 정착하게 된 이유는 숙종 때 단종 복위과정과 관련성을 두었다. 복위되면서 왕의 격식에 맞게 태실도 보수되는데, 이때 사천의 소곡산 태실을 단종의 것으로 잘못 알고 보수하였다고 보았다. 또 가봉시기는 단종이 복위되어 장릉 개수 후 얼마 되지 않은 시점(1699~1719)으로 추정하였으며, 의궤와 가봉석물에 난간석이 없는 것은 추봉된 임금의 무덤에 난간석을 하지 않고 간략히 조성하는 왕릉의 예처럼 태실도 난간석을 설치하지 않게 되었다고 보았다. 3. 지금까지 사천의 태실을 단종 태실로 알고 있던 것은 오류이며, 1462년에 장태된 인성대군의 태실로 결론지었다. 이는 서삼릉 태실에 있어야 할 단종 태실은 없고 인성대군 태실이 조성되어 있는 점에 착안을 하였다. 즉 1928년 이왕직이 사천의 단종 태실을 봉출하여 서울에 보관하다가 1930년 서삼릉으로 옮겨 갈 때 태지석의 명문에 단종이 아니라 인성대군 태로 기록되어 있음을 알게 되어 서삼릉에는 단종 태실이 아닌 인성대군 태실을 조성한 것으로 보았다. 이를 위해 일제강점기 때 서삼릉 태실을 조성하면서 남긴 "태봉"과 사천 태실 서삼릉 태실에서 출토된 유물을 그 근거로 제시하였다. It is known that there are two Gabong taesil (shrine for King's umbilical cord) of King Danjong, the 6th king of Joseon, remaining today. One of them is Mt. Sogok in Sacheon-city, Gyeongsangnam-do and the other is Mt. Beomnim in Seongju-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do. The academic sector argued about this matter as there cannot be two Gabong taesil for one king. I once argued that Taesil on Mt. Beomnim in Seongju is King Danjong's Gabong taesil and Danjong taesil in Sacheon is the one for Prince Inseongdaegun, the eldest son of King Yejong. At that time, however, I had not examined the archaeological relics found in these places. In result of making an archaeological approach, I have come to the following conclusions :1. King Danjong had two Taesil : Agi taesil(shrine for baby's umbilical cord) and Gabong taesil. The first Agi taesil was created on Taebong of Mt. Seonseok in Seongju on November 26, 1441, but was moved to Mt. Beomnim in Seongju in 1451 to form the second Agi taesil. In 1458, King Sejo eliminated his Taesil. The stone structures of Gabong taesil still remains on Taebong of Mt. Beomnim, so it has been assumed that King Danjong established them during his reign (1452-1455). 2. Taesil in Sacheon has been known as King Danjong's Taesil because of King Danjong's reinstatement during the reign of King Sukjong. His Taesil was repaired with the reinstatement and King Sukjong was mistaken that Taesil in Sacheon was King Danjong's Taesil to fix it. The time of restoration has been assumed to be soon after the restoration of King Danjong's tomb (1699-1719). Taesil is missing the book of records and rails around the stone structure because the tombs of reinstated kings were restored without rails. 3. It is incorrect that Taesil in Sacheon was known as King Danjong's Taesil, It has been concluded that this Taesil was for Prince Inseongdaegun who was born in 1462. I focused on the fact that Prince Inseongdaegun's Taesil was in Seosamneung Taesil instead of King Danjong's Taesil. When Yiwangjik stored King Danjong's Taesil in Seoul in 1928 and moved it to Seosamneung in 1930, he found that the epitaph on the tombstone recorded that it was Prince Inseongdaegun, not King Danjong, and created Prince Inseongdaegun's Taesil in Seosamneung. I referred to "Taebong", which was created when Seosamneung Taesil was built during the Japanese imperial rule over Joseon, and the relics found in Taesil in Sacheon and Seosamneung.

고고자료로 본 5~6세기 신라의 강릉지역 지배방식

심현용,Shim, Hyun Yong 국립문화재연구원 2009 헤리티지:역사와 과학 Vol.42 No.3

This paper examined archaeological resources that discuss how Silla entered the Gangneung area, the coastal region along the East Sea that has been excavated most actively. Silla expanded its territories while organizing the its system as an ancient state and acquired several independent townships in various regions, stretching its forces to the East Sea area faster than any other ancient states of the time. In particular, many early relics and heritages of Silla have been found in Gangneung, the center of the East Sea area. Many archaeological resources prove these circumstances of that time and provide brief texts that are valuable for our interpretation of historical facts. In this respect, it was possible for me to examine these resources to answer my question as to why early relics and heritages of Silla are found in the Gangneung area. Based on my research on Silla's advancement into the Gangneung area, I have acquired the following results: How did Silla rule this area after conquering Yeguk in the Gangneung area? After conquering the Gangneung area, Silla attempted an indirect ruling at first. Later, Silla adopted a direct ruling system. I divided the indirect ruling period into two phases: introduction and settlement. In detail, Silla's earthenware and stone chamber tombs first appeared in Hasi-dong in the fourth quarter of the 4th Century and the tombs spread to Chodang-dong in the second quarter of the 5th Century. A belt with dragon pattern openwork, which seems to be from the second quarter of the 5th Century, was found to tell us that the Gangneung region began receiving rewards from Silla during this time. Thus, the period from the fourth quarter of the 4th Century to the second quarter of the 5th Century is designated as the 1st Phase (Introduction) of indirect ruling in terms of aechaeological findings. This is when Silla was first advanced to the Gangneung area and tolerated independent administration of the conquered. In the third and fourth quarters of the 5th Century, old mound tombs appeared and burials of relics that symbolized power emerged. In the third quarter of the 5th Century, stone chamber tombs were prevalent, but wooden chamber tombs, stone mounded wooden chamber tombs, and lateral entrance stone chamber tombs began to emerge. Also, tombs that were clustered in Hasi-dong and Chodang-dong began to scatter to Byeongsan-dong, Yeongjin-ri, and Bangnae-ri nearby. Steel pots were the symbol of power that emerged at this time. In the fourth quarter of the 5th Century, stone chamber tombs were still dominating, but wooden chamber tombs, stone mounded wooden chamber tombs, and lateral entrance stone chamber tombs became more popular. More crowns, crown ornaments, big daggers, and belts were bestowed by Silla, mostly in Chodang-dong and Byeongsan-dong. The period from the third quarter to the fourth quarter of the 5th Century was designated as the 2nd Phase (Settlement) of indirect ruling in terms of aechaeological findings. At this time, Silla bestowed items of power to the ruling class of the Gangneung area and gave equal power to the rulers of Chodang-dong and Byeongsan-dong to keep them restrained by each other. However, Silla converted the ruling system to direct ruling once it recognized the Gangneung area as the base of its expedition of conquest to the north. In the first quarter of the 6th Century, old mound tombs disappeared and small/medium-sized mounds appeared in the western inlands and the northern areas. In this period, the tunnel entrance stone chamber tombs were large enough for people to enter with doors. A cluster of several tunnel entrance stone chamber tombs was formed in Yeongjin-ri and Bangnae-ri at this time, probably with the influence of Silla's direct ruling. In the first quarter of the 6th Century, Silla dispatched officers from the central government to complete the local administration system and replaced the ruling class of Chodang-dong and Byeongsan-dong with that of Silla- 본 고는 강릉지역에서 발굴조사된 고고자료를 검토하여 문헌기록과 비교하면서 신라가 강릉지역으로 진출하여 재지 세력을 지배해 나가는 과정에 대해 가설을 세워 본 것이다. 강릉지역의 고고학적 양상은 신라가 처음 이 지역을 복속하고 재지세력들에 침투하는 과정을 잘 보여주는데, 필자는 이 지역의 5~6세기 고고학적 특이양상에 대해 적극적인 해석을 시도하였다. 강릉지역은 신라 진출 이전 예국이라는 읍락국가가 존재하고 있었다. 신라는 4세기 4/4분기에 처음으로 강릉지역으로 진출하였으며, 기존의 예국을 복속한 후 지역 실정에 맞게 재지세력을 통치해 나갔다. 이에 대해 고고자료와 문헌기록을 비교검토해 본 결과, 신라가 강릉지역을 복속한 후 취한 지배정책은 간접지배와 직접지배의 2단계로 나누어 볼 수 있었다. 간접지배는 다시 초입기(I 단계)와 정착기(II 단계)로 구분하였는데, I 단계는 신라가 처음 강릉지역으로 진출한 시기로 신라는 재지세력의 자치를 그대로 허용하며 간접지배를 실시하였으며, 그 시기는 4세기 4/4분기부터 5세기 2/4분기로 보았다. 그리고 II단계는 신라가 강릉지역의 재지세력들에게 위세품을 하사하여 적극적인 정책을 펼치면서 동시에 신라 중앙에 의해 강릉지역 중심세력인 초당동과 병산동 세력에게 위세품을 분여하여 서로 견제를 하게 만들어 재지세력간 힘의 균형을 통제하였다. 그 시기는 5세기 3/4분기에서 5세기 4/4분기로 추정하였다. 그러나 신라는 강릉지역을 북진의 전초 기지로 인식하고 나서는 직접지배체제로 전환하기 시작한다. 즉, 신라 중앙에서 파견한 지방관을 상주시켜 지방제도를 확립하고 재지세력에 대한 재편과정을 거쳐 중심세력을 초당동 병산동 세력에서 신라와 친연성이 가장 강한 영진리 방내리 세력으로 교체하고 강릉지역을 완전 장악하기에 이른다. 그 시기를 6세기 1/4분기부터로 보았다.

성주(星州) 선석산(禪石山) 태실(胎室)의 조성(造成)과 태실구조(胎室構造)의 특징(特徵)

심현용 ( Hyun Yong Shim ) 경북대학교 영남문화연구원 2015 嶺南學 Vol.0 No.27

성주 선석산 태실은 우리나라 태실 중 단일 규모로는 전국 최대의 태실이다. 이곳에는 세종의 18아들과 손자인 단종의 태실 등 19기가 모여 있는 곳으로 이 태실은 고려에서 조선으로 넘어가는 과도기의 태실 변화양상을 살펴볼 수 있는 귀중한 태실유적이다. 이 글에서는 이 선석산 태실의 구조와 봉안 유물의 특징을 살펴보고 태주를 검토하여 세종의 가계를 복원하여 조선 초의 태실 제도를 살펴보았다. 그결과 다음과 같은 내용을 확인할 수 있었다. 첫째, 선석산 태실 구조는 기존의 견해와 달리 지하에 방형의 태함을 설치하고 그 안에 태호와 태지석을 봉안하였음을 밝혔다. 그리고 봉안 유물 중태호의 안치상황은 일반적으로 내.외호 이중으로 구성되는 것과 달리 맨밑에 대접을 두고 그 위에 작은 호를 올리고 다시 그 위에 큰 대접으로 전체를 덮었음을 밝혔다. 둘째, 문헌기록과 태실의 금석문 자료를 비교하여 세종의 가계를 복원하였다. 특히 영해군은 왕실 족보에 아명이 ‘장’과 ‘당’으로 기록되어 있어 이곳왕자 당 태실과 왕자 장 태실을 동일 인물의 것으로 보아왔었다. 그러나 태지석에 의해 출생일이 다른 왕자임을 밝혀 왕자 당과 장 태실은 서로 다른사람의 것임을 밝혔다. 그리하여 세종의 아들은 18명이 아니라 19명으로 왕실 족보에 오류가 있음을 확인하였다. 셋째, 선석산 태실은 조선시대 들어와 처음으로 아들의 태실이 조성된 유적지이다. 이를 사료를 통해 조선 초부터 모든 자녀의 태실이 조성된 것이 아니라 세종 때 선석산 태실에서 처음으로 아들 태실이 조성되었음을 밝혔다. 넷째, 선석산 태봉에 설치한 19기의 태실은 출생시기와 형편에 따라 무작위로 설치한 것이 아니라 미리 계획된 마스트 플랜에 의해 설치되었음을 알수 있었다. 이는 조선 왕실에서 태실조성에 대한 깊은 관심을 가졌음을 보여주는 증거로 보았다. Taesil (placenta chamber) on Mt. Seonseok, Seongju is the largest Taesil in Korea. This place houses 19 sites of Taesil, including Taesil of King Sejong``s 18th son and grandson, King Danjong, and this particular Taesil is a valuable heritage that shows the transformation of Taesil in the transition from Goryeo to Joseon. This study examined the structure of Taesil on Mt. Seonseok and the characteristics of artifacts enshrined. Then, the owner of placenta was examined to restore the genealogy of King Sejong and discuss the Taesil system in the early Joseon Dynasty. The following findings were discussed as a result: First, the structure of Taesil on Mt. Seonseok, unlike the previous opinion, installed an underground chamber in the form of a rectangle and enshrined Taeho and Taejiseok inside it. Among the artifacts enshrined, Taeho was particularly formed by placing a bowl on the bottom, a small jar on top, and another large vessel to cover all, rather than forming the general double-structured Taeho with Naeho and Oiho. Second, King Sejong``s genealogy was restored by comparing the literature records to Taesil``s Geumseokmun. In particular, Yeonghaegun is recorded as ``Jang`` and ``Dang`` on the royal genealogy, so it was believed that Taesil of Prince Dang and Taesil of Prince Jang were Taesil for one person. However, the analysis of Taejiseok has discovered that Prince Dang and Prince Jang were two different people with different dates of birth. Therefore, it was confirmed that King Sejong had 19 sons instead of 18 and the royal genealogy had an error. Third, Taesil on Mt. Seonseok was the first Taesil of a son in the Joseon Dynasty. It was found that the first Taesil of a son was created at the time of King Sejong and Taesil was not created for all offspring in the early Joseon Dynasty. Fourth, 19 sites of Taesil on Taebong of Mt. Seonseok were not formed randomly according to birth and given situations, but installed according to a predefined masterplan. This proves that the Royal Dynasty of Joseon was highly interested in creating Taesil.

대구 광해군 태실의 조성과 구조 복원

심현용(Shim Hyun Yong),강재현(Kang Jae Hyun),김주영(Kim Ju Young),최한태(Choi Han Tae) 국립고궁박물관 2021 古宮文化 Vol.- No.14

이 글은 대구 연경동에 있는 광해군 태실의 고고학적 발굴조사 결과를 가지고 문헌기록과 비교·검토하여 태실의 주인공, 조성시기와 그 구조를 분석한 것이다. 그 결과, 태실의 주인공인 왕자 경용은 금석문과 문헌기록을 통해 조선 제15대 임금 광해군임을 밝혔다. 그리고 아기태실의 조성시기는 아기비, 태지석과 족보를 통해 1581년 4월 1일임을 밝혔으며, 이는 아기비와 태함, 태호의 양식 편년과도 일치함을 보여주었다. 가봉시기도 가봉비와실록, 문집 등의 문헌기록으로 볼 때 1609년 11월 완성된 것으로 보았다. 또 광해군 태실이 심하게 파괴된 이유에 대해서는 인조반정 영향으로 추정하였다. 또한 태실의 구조에서, 아기태실은 발굴조사된 지하구조와 출토유물을 살펴보았을 때 일반적인 아기태실 구조와 동일하였으며, 가봉태실은 파괴로 자세한 구조를 살피기 어려우나, 팔각형의적심석 및 다른 가봉태실의 구조와 의궤로 살펴보았을 때 일반적인 가봉태실 구조와 동일함을 파악할 수 있었다. 다만 세부적으로 차이가 확인되며, 석물형태도 과도기에 해당되는 양식이 여럿나타났다. 이는 임진왜란 후 조선 사회가 겪은 사회·경제적 변화의 영향으로 추정하였다. This paper is an analysis of the owner of the Taesil (placenta chamber), the time of its construction, and its structure based on a comparison and review of results from the excavation and investigation of King Gwanghaegun Taesil in Yeongyeong-dong, Daegu. Research of stone inscriptions and literature records revealed that Prince Gyeongyong, to whom the Taesil belongs to, was the 15th king of the Joseon Dynasty, King Gwanghaegun. Furthermore, investigation on Agibi (first monument), Taejiseok (epitaph stone), and genealogy records revealed that the Agi Taesil (first taesil for babies) was created on April 1, 1581, which was consistent with the chronology of Agibi, Taeham (placenta stone box), and Taeho (placenta jars). Meanwhile, Gabong Taesil (addition of certain rites and stone figures for Agi Taesil) was estimated to have been done in November 1609, based on the records of the Gabongbi (adding monument) and related records. In addition, as for the structure of the Taesil, looking at the underground structure and relics, it was the same as the general structure of a typical Taesil. However, there were differences in detail, and several forms corresponding to the transition period were identified from the stone objects associated with the Taesil.

18세기 초 강원도 울진현령 오적의 마애비와 덕구온천 - 현령 오적 마애비 발견보고를 겸하여 -

심현용 ( Shim¸ Hyun-yong ),장기영 ( Jang¸ Ki-young ),정민호 ( Jeong¸ Min-ho ) 경북대학교 영남문화연구원 2021 嶺南學 Vol.0 No.76

18세기 초 강원도 울진현령 오적의 마애비가 2019년 4월 13일 장기영과 진호 부자에 의해 울진 응봉산 내 덕구온천 원탕에서 발견되었다. 이 글은 덕구온천 원탕에서 발견된 오적 마애비의 발견 경위를 소개하고 명문 판독을 시도하여 덕구온천의 역사와 유래를 살펴본 것이다. 발견된 마애비는 오적이 울진현령으로 있을 때 조여용과 함께 1716년 8월 하순 병을 치료하기 위해 덕구온천 원탕까지 등산하여 온천욕한 것을 기념하여 새긴 것이다. 전설에 의하면 덕구온천은 고려 말∼조선 초에 온천으로서의 역할을 하고 있는데, 이는 검토결과 문헌사료와 일치함을 보여준다. 또 덕구온천의 유래는 다섯 가지로 다양하게 나타나며, 우리나라 온천의 일반전인 발견 사례와 마찬가지로 사슴, 멧돼지 또는 노루를 사냥하다 발견하였다는 동물의 발견에서 덕구온천도 시작됨을 알 수 있었다. 이번에 발견된 1716년의 울진현령 오적 마애비는 울진 덕구온천의 유구한 역사를 증명하는 귀중한 사료로 그동안의 문헌기록을 입증해주는 중요한 금석문이라 하겠다. The Rock-carved Monument for Oh Jeok, a former Governor of Uljin-hyeon, Gangwon-do in the early 18th Century, was discovered by Jang Ki-young and his son, Jang Jin-ho, in 2019 at Eungbongsan Mountain in Uljin-gun. The Rock-carved Monument was carved in commemoration of Oh Jeok climbing up Eungbongsan Mountain and bathing in the Weontang pool at Deokgu Hot Spring in late-August 1716 with Jo Yeo-yong to treat his illness while serving as Governor. According to legend, the Deokgu was a popular hot spring between the late-Goryeo Dynasty and early-Joseon Dynasty, which is also consistent with historical records. Deokgu Hot Spring also has five origin stories. Some of its origin stories refer to a hunter discovering the hot spring while hunting for wild game such as deer, wild boar or roe deer, which was a typical way our ancestors discovered hot springs.

조선시대 태실의 입지에 대한 재검토

심현용 ( Hyun Yong Shim ) 대구사학회 2015 대구사학 Vol.118 No.-

태실은 무덤을 조성하는 것과 같이 땅에 묻는 일종의 매장문화이다. 이러한 매장문화는 전통적으로 풍수사상과 깊은 관련을 갖고 있다. 그래서 장태풍속 중 하나인 태실조성도 풍수지리적 사고에 의해 길지를 택하였다. 태실의 입지에 대해 지금까지 여러 차례 연구가 진행되었는데, 대부분 사료를 무비판적으로 인용하거나 태실유적과 비교검토를 하지 않았다. 이러한 문제점을 보완하기 위해 이 글에서는 조선시대 태실유적을 가지고 문헌기록과 비교분석하여 태실 입지에 대해 재검토를 하였다. 그 결과, 태실의 입지 조건과 입지의 등급, 그리고 태실의 분포에서 문헌기록과 일부 다른 점이 다음과 같이 확인되었다. 첫째, 태실 입지조건은 단맥된 들판 가운데에 우뚝 솟은 산봉우리 정상에 조성된다고 한 사료와 달리 맥이 연결된 돌혈에 조성되었음이 확인되었다. 또 돌혈이 태실입지로 선정되기 시작한 시기는 1115년 2월~1136년 11월 사이로 추정하였다. 둘째, 명당 조건에 따라 태실을 1~3등급으로 나누고 다시 신분에 따라 차등을 두어 태실을 조성한다는 문헌기록은 실제 적용되지 않고 조선시대 처음부터 사문화되었던 것으로 보았다. 그 이유로 대군이나 왕자가 왕으로 등극했을 때 2~3등지에 있던 태실이 1등지로 옮겨가야 하는데, 그 사례가 없음을 근거로 들었다. 셋째, 태실은 조선 초에는 하삼도에 집중되어 조성되다가 세조에 의해 1458년부터 한양가 가까운 경기도에도 조성되기 시작하였음을 밝혔다. 이는 성종에 의해 1476년부터 경기도에 국한하라는 문헌기록보다 더 빠른 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또 태실 분포는 충청도, 전라도, 경상도, 경기도, 강원도, 황해도에서만 확인되었는데, 특히 하삼도와 한양에서 가까운 곳이 주로 택정되어 남쪽 지역을 선호하였음을 알 수 있었다. Taesil (the facility for burying the embryonic cord) is a kind of burial culture similar to the tombs. The burial culture is traditionally closely related to Fengsui. Therefore, Taesil, one of the customs of burial of embryonic cords in Korea, also picked propitious sites based on Fengsui. Several studies have been conducted on the location of Taesil, but of them have excerpted historical records without criticism or failed to perform comparative review of Taesil sites. Therefore, this study rediscussed the location of Taesil of the Joseon Dynasty through comparative analysis of literature records and taesil sites. As a result, it was found that some of the location conditions, grades, and distribution of Taesil were different from the literature records. First, it was found that Taesil was created on the prominent peaks of hills with interconnected paths, when the historical records stated that Taesil is located on the prominent peak of hills that rise high in the middle of fields without interconnected paths. Also, it was assumed that prominent peaks were first selected for Taesil between February 1115 and November 1136. Second, the records that Taesil was divided into three grades based on the condition of propitious sites and further classified by social status, was not actually applied. It seems that it was not applied from the foundation of Joseon Dynasty. The supporting reason is that there was no case where the Taesil of princes were moved to the sites of highest grade when they became kings. Third, Taesil was mostly located in the three southern provinces in the early Joseon Dynasty, but some were created in Gyeonggi-do from 1458 by King Sejo. This is earlier than the literature records stating that King Seongjong limited the location of Taesil to Gy onggi-do from 1476. Also, Taesil has only been found in Chungcheong-do, Jeolla-do, Gyeongsang-do, Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do, and Hwanghae-do, indicating that the southern region was preferred as most of it was located in the three southern provinces and close to Seoul.

論文(논문) : 조선시대 가봉태실의 中央胎石(중앙태석)에 대한 양식과 변천

심현용 ( Hyun Yong Shim ) 대구사학회 2013 대구사학 Vol.113 No.-

During the Joseon Dynasty, Taesil(the facility for burying the embryonic cord) for royal babies was sealed up with magnificent stone monuments when the babies became kings. This was known as Gabong Taesil(adding certain rites and stone figures for first Agi Taesil). Among the various stone monuments of Gabong Taesil I chose Jungang Taeseok (central monuments) that consisted of Gaecheomseok, Jungdongseok, and Sabangseok and was most sensitively to the changes in historical background. I referred to literature to examine the chronological order of relics and discuss whether it is possible to organize transition and chronology based on style and to apply the chronology to the stone monuments of Taesil sharing the same style. As a result, it was found that Gaecheomseok, Jungdongseok, and Sabangseok of Jungang Taeseok were sensitive to the changes in historical background and identified as critical elements of chronology. The time of sealing up with magnificent stone monuments for first Agi Taesil also did not match the order of enthronement of kings. Considering Sabangseok, Jungdongseok, and Gaecheomseok to organize the order of overall style of Jungang Taeseok, the transition was classified into four major phases. In the early Joseon Dynasty, Taesil Gabong was barely created and Jungang Taeseok was in a simple shape. Change was attempted from the mid-15th Century and the form became stably proportioned, ornamented, and typical from the mid-16th Century. The overall proportion became obtuse and unharmonized with illustrated patterns of ornaments from the early 19th Century until extinction.

자료소개(資料紹介) : 울진 대풍헌 현판

심현용 ( Hyun Yong Shim ) 대구사학회 2010 대구사학 Vol.98 No.-

논문(論文) : 조선 왕실의 아기태실비에 대한 양식과 편년 재검토

심현용 ( Hyun Yong Shim ) 대구사학회 2014 대구사학 Vol.116 No.-

I presented in 2006 the study on the style and chronology of Baby Taesil Monuments [First monuments erected in Taesils]found in Taesil[a facility of burying Placenta and umbilical cord] created by the royal family of the Joseon Dynasty. However, it did not accurately discuss the chronology of Bisu[top of monument] and Bidae[pedestal of monument] of the monuments and the previous style and chronology had to be revised as additional monuments have been found. This study revises and supplements the previous study and attempts to address the individual style and chronology of Bisu and Bidae to reconfigure the style and chronology of baby monuments. Also, the monuments` composition was analyzed to observe the transition in the epigraph to supplement the style and chronology of baby monuments. As a result, the composition of baby monuments was largely classified into 5 steps(12 steps in detail). The style and chronology of Bisu were classified into 5 steps(10 steps in detail) while those of Bidae were classified into 3 steps(6 steps in detail) and the overall style of baby monuments was classified into 5 steps(10 steps in detail). The composition of epitaph, which was newly discussed this time, provides additional information on the time of creation of the monument, or Taesil, based on the form of composition even if it is not legible due to wearing. The individual style and chronology of Bisu and Bidae would provide significant evidence on the time of creation even if only a part of the monument remains due to damage. (Curator, Uljin Bongpyeong Sillabi Museum / baekseok@korea.kr)

고고자료로 본 신라의 강릉지역 진출과 루트 구성

심현용 ( Hyun Yong Shim ) 대구사학회 2009 대구사학 Vol.94 No.-

This paper examined archaeological resources that discuss how Silla entered the Gangneung area, the coastal region along the East Sea that has been excavated most actively. Silla expanded its territories while organizing the its system as an ancient state and acquired several independent townships in various regions, stretching its forces to the East Sea area faster than any other ancient states of the time. In particular, many early relics and heritages of Silla have been found in Gangneung, the center of the East Sea area. Many archaeological resources prove these circumstances of that time and provide brief texts that are valuable for our interpretation of historical facts. In this respect, it was possible for me to examine these resources to answer my question as to why early relics and heritages of Silla are found in the Gangneung area. Based on my research on Silla`s advancement into the Gangneung area, I have acquired the following results: First, when did Silla first stretched its forces to the Gangneung area? I determined that Silla first entered the Gangneung area at the fourth quarter of the 4th Century. According to historical texts, Gangneung was already under Silla`s rule in the 42nd year(397) of King Namul. Archaeological resources also support this fact as long-legged vessels at Kwandong University Museum and in Hasi-dong have been the earliest vessels of Silla found in the Gangneung area(fourth quarter of the 4th Century). Second, why did Silla aim to advance into the Gangneung area so early in its history? The Yeongdong area in the Era of the Three Empires was the gateway to advanced cultures of the north. As Gangneung was the center of the Yeongdong area, Silla needed to gain control of this area to exchange with more advanced empires, such as China and Goguryeo. As Yeguk, the primitive state that had been ruling Gangneung was not very prosperous and the East Sea route had already been formed, it was relatively easy for Silla to stretch into the Gangneung Area. Territorial expansion was essential, of course. Third, which route did Silla mostly take to march toward the Gangneung area? I considered two types of routes: land route and sea route. As the land route required Silla to head northwest through Gyeongju-Yeongcheon-Euiseong-Andong-Yeongju-Jeongseon and east to Samcheok and Gangneung, Silla used the northern sea route through Pohang-Yeongdeok-Uljin-Samcheok-Gangneung-Yangyang-Goseong-Anbyeon-Iwon. This sea route was situated along the coastline and was geographically open to transportation. I also suggested a secondary route through which Silla might have headed toward Pohang from the Gyeongju basin to conquer Yeongilman Bay and head to Gangneung on ships. Also, it seems that Silla headed to Ulleungdo, which is right off the shores of Gangneung, to conquer Usanguk and gain full control of the East Sea.